ASHRAE 86-2013 Methods of Testing the Floc Point of Refrigeration-Grade Oil.pdf

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1、BSR/ASHRAE Standard 86-2013(Supersedes ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 86-1994)Methods of Testingthe Floc Point ofRefrigeration-Grade OilApproved by the ASHRAE Standards Committee on January 2, 2013; by the ASHRAE Board of Directors on January 29, 2013; andby the American National Standards Institute on Januar

2、y 30, 2013.ASHRAE Standards are scheduled to be updated on a five-year cycle; the date following the standard number is the year ofASHRAE Board of Directors approval. The latest edition of an ASHRAE Standard may be purchased on the ASHRAE Web site(www.ashrae.org) or from ASHRAE Customer Service, 179

3、1 Tullie Circle, NE, Atlanta, GA 30329-2305. E-mail:ordersashrae.org. Fax: 404-321-5478. Telephone: 404-636-8400 (worldwide) or toll free 1-800-527-4723 (for orders in US andCanada). For reprint permission, go to www.ashrae.org/permissions. 2013 ASHRAE ISSN 1041-2336 ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). For per

4、sonal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAEs prior written permission.SPECIAL NOTEThis American National Standard (ANS) is a national voluntary consensus standard developed under the auspices of ASHRAE.Consens

5、us is defined by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI), of which ASHRAE is a member and which has approved thisstandard as an ANS, as “substantial agreement reached by directly and materially affected interest categories. This signifies the concurrenceof more than a simple majority, but n

6、ot necessarily unanimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered, and that aneffort be made toward their resolution.” Compliance with this standard is voluntary until and unless a legal jurisdiction makes compliancemandatory through legislation.ASHRAE obtains consensus throug

7、h participation of its national and international members, associated societies, and public review.ASHRAE Standards are prepared by a Project Committee appointed specifically for the purpose of writing the Standard. The ProjectCommittee Chair and Vice-Chair must be members of ASHRAE; while other com

8、mittee members may or may not be ASHRAE members, allmust be technically qualified in the subject area of the Standard. Every effort is made to balance the concerned interests on all ProjectCommittees. The Manager of Standards of ASHRAE should be contacted for:a. interpretation of the contents of thi

9、s Standard,b. participation in the next review of the Standard,c. offering constructive criticism for improving the Standard, ord. permission to reprint portions of the Standard.DISCLAIMERASHRAE uses its best efforts to promulgate Standards and Guidelines for the benefit of the public in light of av

10、ailable information andaccepted industry practices. However, ASHRAE does not guarantee, certify, or assure the safety or performance of any products, components,or systems tested, installed, or operated in accordance with ASHRAEs Standards or Guidelines or that any tests conducted under itsStandards

11、 or Guidelines will be nonhazardous or free from risk.ASHRAE INDUSTRIAL ADVERTISING POLICY ON STANDARDSASHRAE Standards and Guidelines are established to assist industry and the public by offering a uniform method of testing for ratingpurposes, by suggesting safe practices in designing and installin

12、g equipment, by providing proper definitions of this equipment, and by providingother information that may serve to guide the industry. The creation of ASHRAE Standards and Guidelines is determined by the need for them,and conformance to them is completely voluntary.In referring to this Standard or

13、Guideline and in marking of equipment and in advertising, no claim shall be made, either stated or implied,that the product has been approved by ASHRAE.ASHRAE Standard Project Committee 86Cognizant TC: 3.4, LubricationSPLS Liaison: Boggarm S. Setty*Denotes members of voting status when the document

14、was approved for publicationWarren Clough, Chair*Corey Anderson*William Bradford Boggess*Richard L. Hall*Ngoc Dung T. Rohatgi*ASHRAE STANDARDS COMMITTEE 20122013Kenneth W. Cooper, Chair Julie M. Ferguson Janice C. PetersonWilliam F. Walter, Vice-Chair Krishnan Gowri Heather L. PlattDouglass S. Abram

15、son Cecily M. Grzywacz Ira G. PostonKarim Amrane Richard L. Hall Douglas T. ReindlCharles S. Barnaby Rita M. Harrold James R. TaubyHoy R. Bohanon, Jr. Adam W. Hinge James K. VallortSteven F. Bruning Debra H. Kennoy Craig P. WrayDavid R. Conover Jay A. Kohler Charles H. Culp, III, BOD ExOSteven J. Em

16、merich Rick A. Larson Constantinos A. Balaras, COMark P. ModeraStephanie C. Reiniche, Manager of Standards ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAEs prior written permission.

17、CONTENTSBSR/ASHRAE Standard 86-2013,Methods of Testing the Floc Point of Refrigeration-Grade OilsSECTION PAGEForeword. 21 Purpose 22 Scope . 23 Definitions. 24 Apparatus . 25 Test Procedure . 36 Reproducibility of Results . 47 Significance of results. 48 References . 4Informative Annex ARound Robin

18、Test Results 4Informative Annex BBibliography 4NOTEApproved addenda, errata, or interpretations for this standard can be downloaded free of charge from the ASHRAE Web site at www.ashrae.org/technology. 2013 ASHRAE1791 Tullie Circle NE Atlanta, GA 30329 www.ashrae.org All rights reserved.ASHRAE is a

19、registered trademark of the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.ANSI is a registered trademark of the American National Standards Institute. ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either pri

20、nt or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAEs prior written permission.2 BSR/ASHRAE Standard 86-2013(This foreword is not part of this standard. It is merelyinformative and does not contain requirements necessaryfor conformance to the standard. It has not beenprocessed according to the ANSI re

21、quirements for astandard and may contain material that has not beensubject to public review or a consensus process.Unresolved objectors on informative material are notoffered the right to appeal at ASHRAE or ANSI.)FOREWORDThis standard describes a standard test method for mea-suring the floc point (

22、waxing tendency) of refrigeration-gradeoils. Petroleum-derived oils are mixtures of large numbers ofchemically distinct hydrocarbon molecules. At the low tem-peratures encountered in the low-pressure side of refrigera-tion units, some of the larger molecules separate from thebulk of the oil in the f

23、orm of wax-like deposits. Wax deposi-tion of these molecules in refrigeration systems is undesir-able, as they are known to clog capillary tubes and to causeexpansion valves to stick. The floc point procedure requires,in addition to the oil, a fluid in which the oil is completelymiscible to a temper

24、ature below that at which floc will form.Refrigerant-12 (R-12) was selected because it fits thisrequirement. Refrigerant-22 (R-22), for example, cannot beused because phase separation would, generally, resultbefore the floc point was reached. The ensuing hazing, cloud-ing, and separation into two di

25、fferent layers precludes obtain-ing a floc point. The industry has a great deal of experience insuccessfully extrapolating floc point data from the test tube tofield application. Development of a floc point using some other fluidbesides R-12 is feasible. However, it would require a researchproject a

26、nd extrapolation of the data from another fluid with-out the field correlation, which has been available for R-12floc point data, could result in major field problems.This revision includes: (a) a revised title, purpose, andscope, (b) editorial changes to comply with ASHRAEs man-datory language requ

27、irements, (c) dual units as needed tocomply with ASHRAEs units format policy, and (d) severaleditorial changes aimed at improving usability. 1. PURPOSEThis standard provides a method for measuring the waxingtendency of refrigeration-grade oils.2. SCOPEThe floc point measurement indicates the waxingt

28、endency of refrigeration-grade oils at low temperatures. Thefloc point is defined as the highest temperature at which wax orother solid substances precipitate when a mixture 10% byvolume of oil and 90% by volume of R-12 is cooled under spec-ified conditions. The results can be used to compare the wa

29、xingtendency of several different oils.3. DEFINITIONSfloc point: the highest temperature at which solid substancesprecipitate when a mixture 10% by volume of oil and 90% byvolume of R-12 is cooled under specified conditions.flocculent: containing, or occurring in the form of, looselyaggregated parti

30、cles or soft flakes.refrigeration-grade oil: a naphthenic/paraffinic type oil that isstable with system components, will form a friction-reducingfilm between rubbing surfaces and seal critical clearances, andhas low-temperature transport properties suitable for the appli-cation for which it is used.

31、 wax: higher molecular weight materials that are not soluble inR-12/mineral oil mixtures at a particular temperature.4. APPARATUS4.1 Cooling Bath. A cooling bath is required for obtainingthe necessary temperature. It is prepared by using dry ice or arefrigeration system as the cooling source. The co

32、oling bathshall be large enough for testing three sample tubes at onetime. A large, wide-mouthed, clear Dewar flask is one coolingbath option. Dry ice in a liquid such as ethanol or acetone isrequired. The use of liquids such as ethanol is necessarybecause this liquid has the advantage of reduced fr

33、osting whenthe sample tube is raised from the bath for observation. Amechanical stirrer shall be provided for stirring the bath.Proper stirring is important to eliminate temperature differ-ences. A small piece of aluminum foil in the liquid will indi-cate the degree of stirring obtained. If an elect

34、ric motor is used,it is required to be of a type safe for use above the flammablecooling medium. A wire mesh basket with small openingsshall be provided in the bath for the introduction of the dry iceso small pieces of dry ice cannot come into contact with thesample tube and cause local cold spots.

35、The wire mesh basketcan be raised or lowered to control the bath temperature.4.2 Temperature-Measuring Devices. The temperatureis measured with a precision electrical digital thermometer,a mercury thermometer, or an alcohol thermometer. ASTMstandard thermometers 6F or 6C shall be used for this pur-p

36、ose. Thermometers shall be calibrated as prescribed byASTM E1-07.14.3 Sample Tube. The sample tube consists of a thick walledborosilicate glass tube with a flared end and round bottom, asshown in Figure 1. Tube dimensions are 0.375 in. (9.5 mm)ID 0.600 in. (15 mm) OD 9 in. (228 mm) long. The tubesha

37、ll be permanently graduated at the 0.34 oz (10.0 mL) vol-ume (calibrated at room temperature).4.4 Metal Connector Fittings. The metal connector fittingsshall be as shown in Figure 1.4.5 Graph Paper. In certain instances, graph paper is usedwith a glass plate to judge the cloudiness of the test sampl

38、e.The graph shall have 20 lines per 1.0 in. (25.4 mm).4.6 Mechanical Vacuum Pump. A mechanical vacuumpump that provides an absolute pressure of 13.3 Pa(0.1 mm Hg) shall be used. ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or

39、digital form is not permitted without ASHRAEs prior written permission.BSR/ASHRAE Standard 86-2013 35. TEST PROCEDURE5.1 Use proper personal protective equipment (PPE), suchas a face mask, protective shield, and heavy gloves when han-dling the charged pressure tube outside the cooling bath orwhen ev

40、acuating the tube. The glass tube is under pressureand a hazard exists whenever the temperature is above 21F(30C). When using ethanol or acetone, take appropriateprecautions to prevent fire. These solvents and their vaporsare very flammable.Do not use a glass tube at a pressure exceeding 80 psig(552

41、 kPa) or temperature exceeding 200F (93C). The tubeshall not be subjected to any bending strain. Inspect the glasscomponents for wear on a regular basis. Erosion, stress,cracks, nicks, or deep scratches provide early warning of theneed for glass replacement. The glass may erode evenly sowear is not

42、visibly noticeable. If wear is detected, replace thecomponent to eliminate the potential cause of breakage.5.2 The sample tube shall be cleaned, dried, and stored in adesiccator prior to use. Appropriate precautions shall be takento eliminate the introduction of water into the sample tubewhile charg

43、ing with oil or refrigerant. Prepare a manifold orother system for evacuating and charging the sample tube.The refrigerant tubing shall be dried before use.5.3 Make sure that stirring of the liquid is adequate forobtaining uniform temperature within the cooling bath. Installthe thermometer in a tube

44、 with the same tube dimensions asthe floc tube. Immerse the tube in the bath, and fill it with thesame fluid used in the cooling bath.5.4 Transfer 0.03 oz (1.0 mL) of the sample oil into the sam-ple glass tube using a 0.07 oz (2.0 mL) syringe for precise oilmeasurement (at room temperature). Attach

45、a small brassvalve to the sample tube using the metal connector fittings.Evacuate the sample tube to 13.3 Pa (0.1 mm Hg) absolutepressure to de-gas the oil.5.5 Introduce a quantity of liquid R-12 so that the totalvolume of oil and R-12 is 0.34 oz (10.0 mL). The methodof introduction shall preclude t

46、he introduction of waterinto the tube. This addition of R-12 and the measurementof the volume shall be done in the cooling bath at a tem-perature of 25F to 30F (32C to 34C).5.6 The tube shall be disconnected from the chargingassembly and allowed to warm up to the point where therefrigerant/oil mixtu

47、re may be made homogenous by shaking.CAUTION: Use proper PPE. Any excess R-12 can thenbe bled off at a temperature above 20F (29C). In this way,the volume of the refrigerant/oil mixture can be adjusted to0.34 oz (10.0 mL) when measured at 25F to 30F (32Cto 34C). 5.7 The sample tube containing the re

48、frigerant/oil mixtureshall then be immersed in the cooling bath, which has previ-ously been adjusted to a temperature of approximately 0F (18C). Then the temperature of the cooling bath shall belowered at a rate of 1F to 2F (0.5C to 1C) per minute bycareful addition of dry ice or use of a controlled

49、 chillingdevice. Temperature readings with the thermometer or ther-mocouple in the test tube in the bath give values comparableto the temperature in the test sample tube.5.8 If an oil shows a cloud at 0F (18C), the test shall berepeated to make certain that water has not been inadvertentlyintroduced into the oil during the charging operation. If an oilis wet, it can be dried by heating the oil under vacuum or in anopen container at 302F (150C) for 1 hour while bubblingnitrogen into the oil.5.9 The tube shall be observed a