ASHRAE 84-2013 Method of Testing Air-to-Air Heat Energy Exchangers.pdf

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1、ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 84-2013(Supersedes ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 84-2008)Method of TestingAir-to-Air Heat/EnergyExchangersApproved by the ASHRAE Standards Committee on January 26, 2013; by the ASHRAE Board of Directors on January 29, 2013;and by the American National Standards Institute on January 30, 2

2、013.ASHRAE Standards are scheduled to be updated on a five-year cycle; the date following the standard number is the year ofASHRAE Board of Directors approval. The latest edition of an ASHRAE Standard may be purchased on the ASHRAE Web site(www.ashrae.org) or from ASHRAE Customer Service, 1791 Tulli

3、e Circle, NE, Atlanta, GA 30329-2305. E-mail:ordersashrae.org. Fax: 404-321-5478. Telephone: 404-636-8400 (worldwide) or toll free 1-800-527-4723 (for orders in US andCanada). For reprint permission, go to www.ashrae.org/permissions. 2013 ASHRAE ISSN 1041-2336SPECIAL NOTEThis American National Stand

4、ard (ANS) is a national voluntary consensus standard developed under the auspices of ASHRAE.Consensus is defined by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI), of which ASHRAE is a member and which has approved thisstandard as an ANS, as “substantial agreement reached by directly and materiall

5、y affected interest categories. This signifies the concurrenceof more than a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered, and that aneffort be made toward their resolution.” Compliance with this standard is voluntary until and unless

6、 a legal jurisdiction makes compliancemandatory through legislation.ASHRAE obtains consensus through participation of its national and international members, associated societies, and public review.ASHRAE Standards are prepared by a Project Committee appointed specifically for the purpose of writing

7、 the Standard. The ProjectCommittee Chair and Vice-Chair must be members of ASHRAE; while other committee members may or may not be ASHRAE members, allmust be technically qualified in the subject area of the Standard. Every effort is made to balance the concerned interests on all ProjectCommittees.T

8、he Manager of Standards of ASHRAE should be contacted for:a. interpretation of the contents of this Standard,b. participation in the next review of the Standard,c. offering constructive criticism for improving the Standard, ord. permission to reprint portions of the Standard.DISCLAIMERASHRAE uses it

9、s best efforts to promulgate Standards and Guidelines for the benefit of the public in light of available information andaccepted industry practices. However, ASHRAE does not guarantee, certify, or assure the safety or performance of any products, components,or systems tested, installed, or operated

10、 in accordance with ASHRAEs Standards or Guidelines or that any tests conducted under itsStandards or Guidelines will be nonhazardous or free from risk.ASHRAE INDUSTRIAL ADVERTISING POLICY ON STANDARDSASHRAE Standards and Guidelines are established to assist industry and the public by offering a uni

11、form method of testing for ratingpurposes,bysuggestingsafepracticesindesigningandinstallingequipment,byprovidingproperdefinitionsofthisequipment,andbyprovidingother information that may serve to guide the industry.The creation of ASHRAE Standards and Guidelines is determined by the need for them,and

12、 conformance to them is completely voluntary.In referring to this Standard or Guideline and in marking of equipment and in advertising, no claim shall be made, either stated or implied,that the product has been approved by ASHRAE.ASHRAE Standard Project Committee 84CognizantTC:TC 5.5, Air-to-Air Ene

13、rgy RecoverySPLS Liaison: Krishnan Gowri*Denotes members of voting status when the document was approved for publicationMatthew Friedlander, Chair* Charissa Garcia*Drake H. Erbe, Vice Chair* Alois MalikEric Chen Ronnie R. Moffitt*Gregory M. Dobbs* Kevin Brent Peck*Blake N. Erb* Carey J. Simonson*Mat

14、thew W. FosterASHRAE STANDARDS COMMITTEE 20122013Kenneth W. Cooper, Chair Julie M. Ferguson Janice C. PetersonWilliam F. Walter, Vice-Chair Krishnan Gowri Heather L. PlattDouglass S. Abramson Cecily M. Grzywacz Ira G. PostonKarim Amrane Richard L. Hall Douglas T. ReindlCharles S. Barnaby Rita M. Har

15、rold James R. TaubyHoy R. Bohanon, Jr. Adam W. Hinge James K. VallortSteven F. Bruning Debra H. Kennoy Craig P. WrayDavid R. Conover Jay A. Kohler Charles H. Culp, III, BOD ExOSteven J. Emmerich Rick A. Larson Constantinos A. Balaras, COMark P. ModeraStephanie C. Reiniche, Manager of Standards ASHRA

16、E (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAEs prior written permission.CONTENTSANSI/ASHRAE Standard 84-2013,Method ofTesting Air-to-Air Heat/Energy ExchangersSECTION PAGEForeword. 21

17、Purpose 22 Scope . 23 Definitions. 24 Guidelines for Performance Testing. 35 Test Parameters. 56 Operating Conditions, Inequality Checks, and Conditions for Rejection of Test Data 77 Posttest Uncertainty Analysis. 88 Instruments and Methods of Measurement 99 Calculations 1010 Reporting Results . 111

18、1 Nomenclature . 1112 References . 12Informative Appendix AAlternate Effectiveness Expression .12Informative Appendix BAn Explanation for the Use of Effectiveness to CharacterizeAir-to-Air Heat/Energy Exchangers.12Informative Appendix CSelection of Test Conditions17Informative Appendix DField Testin

19、g 17Informative Appendix EExtrapolation of Test Performance Data22Informative Appendix FBibliography .22NOTEApproved addenda, errata, or interpretations for this standard can be downloaded free of charge from the ASHRAEWeb site at www.ashrae.org/technology. 2013 ASHRAE1791 Tullie Circle NE Atlanta,

20、GA 30329 www.ashrae.org All rights reserved.ASHRAE is a registered trademark of the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.ANSI is a registered trademark of the American National Standards Institute. ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional r

21、eproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAEs prior written permission.2 ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 84-2013(This foreword is not part of this standard. It is merelyinformative and does not contain requirements necessaryfor conformance to the st

22、andard. It has not beenprocessed according to the ANSI requirements for astandard and may contain material that has not beensubject to public review or a consensus process.Unresolved objectors on informative material are notoffered the right to appeal at ASHRAE or ANSI.)FOREWORDThis standard provide

23、s rules for the testing of air-to-airheat/energy exchangers in both the laboratory and in thefield. Application of this standard should be determined byreviewing introductory Sections 1 through 3. Section 4details the necessary steps to be taken in the performanceevaluation of a heat/energy exchange

24、r, including a pretestuncertainty analysis. (Informative Appendix B presents acomprehensive discussion of the original definition, test pro-cedure, and application of effectiveness as a dimensionlessratio and how it has been modified to characterize air-to-airheat/energy exchangers. A brief discussi

25、on of the definitionand different test procedures and calculations for EATR andOACF rounds out this appendix.) Discussion of laboratorytesting begins in Section 5 and continues in Sections 6through 8. (Informative Appendix C shows how test condi-tions can be selected to meet specified uncertainty li

26、mits.)The quality of test data is covered in Section 6, which out-lines the use of measurement inequalities to detect and rejectinvalid tests. Section 7 sets out the uncertainty levels that aperformance test must satisfy to be acceptable. A discussionof the allowable instruments and measurement meth

27、ods iscontained in Section 8. Various other standards are men-tioned as being acceptable for use with instrument measure-ments. Performance calculations and test result reportingare presented in Sections 9 and 10, respectively. Field testingconditions are discussed and specified in Informative Appen

28、-dix D. The extrapolation of test performance data is dis-cussed in Informative Appendix E.Versions of this standard prior to the 2008 edition werevery prescriptive in measurement processes and yielded test-ing uncertainty within generally acceptable limits. This newedition, as does the 2008 edition

29、 of the standard, insteadstipulates the desired uncertainty, while allowing laborato-ries the flexibility of selecting various testing apparatus aslong as the uncertainty limits are satisfied. It should be notedthat laboratories must evaluate their testing apparatus toensure their instrumentation ac

30、hieves the minimum requiredtest uncertainty.In preparing this edition, significant validation of thetest inequality equations and limits was performed to be cer-tain that (a) the tests could be performed on all technologieswithin the standards scope; (b) the uncertainties of testresults would be as

31、low as practically possible; and (c) theinequality equations are robust in detecting as many sourcesof error as possible.This edition provides reformatted versions of the funda-mental effectiveness Equations 1 and 2 and the developedeffectiveness equation (30). An attempt was made to clarifythe rela

32、tionship of effectiveness calculations with respect tothe supply and exhaust airstreams.An alternative approach to calculating effectiveness,using both the supply and exhaust effectiveness, was firstpresented in the 2008 edition. To eliminate ambiguity, it hasbeen moved from the normative body of th

33、e standard to aninformative appendix.This edition also discusses the impacts of testing at con-ditions in which condensate and frosting can occur on testvalidity.1. PURPOSEThe purpose of this standard is toa. establish a uniform method of test for obtaining perfor-mance data for air-to-air heat/ener

34、gy exchangers;b. specify the test conditions, data required, uncertaintyanalysis to be performed, calculations to be used, andreporting procedures for testing the performance of anair-to-air heat/energy exchanger; andc. specify the types of test equipment for performing suchtests.2. SCOPE2.1 This st

35、andard prescribes the methods for testing the per-formance of air-to-air heat/energy exchangers.2.2 In this standard, an air-to-air heat/energy exchanger is adevice to transfer heat and/or water vapor from one airstreamto another.The types of air-to-air heat/energy exchangers cov-ered by this standa

36、rd area. regenerative energy exchangers (including heat wheelsand total energy wheels),b. heat pipe exchangers,c. thermosiphon exchangers,d. recovery loop exchangers (also called run-aroundexchangers), ande. fixed-plate exchangers.2.3 The scope of this standard also includes both laboratoryand field

37、 tests, provided that appropriate levels of uncertaintycan be achieved when testing.2.4 A test is deemed to be within the scope of this standardif both a pretest uncertainty analysis and a posttest uncertaintyanalysis yield satisfactory uncertainty limits.3. DEFINITIONSair leakage: air transferred f

38、rom the exhaust to the supplyairstream because of pressure differentials.bias: the difference between the mean indicated value ofrepeated measurements for one physical property (or thecalculation of a parameter using several properties) and thetrue value of the same physical quantity. Bias is someti

39、mesreferred to as accuracy. ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAEs prior written permission.ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 84-2013 3carryover: in regenerators, the amount of exhaust

40、 air that istransferred to the supply by the mechanical operation (therotation) of the exchanger, i.e., the air trapped within thematrix pore space of energy wheel as it rotates from theexhaust to the supply airstream.coil recovery loop exchanger (run-around exchanger): anexchanger that has finned-t

41、ube coils with interconnectingpiping placed in supply and exhaust airstreams and is filledwith heat transfer fluid that is pumped between coils.deviation: the difference between a single result and the meanof many results.effectiveness: the actual energy transfer (sensible, latent, ortotal) divided

42、by the product of the minimum energy capacityrate and the maximum difference in temperature, humidityratio, or enthalpy.exhaust air transfer: the air quantity transferred from theexhaust to the supply. Exhaust air transfer is typically ameasure of both carryover and leakage.exhaust air transfer rati

43、o (EATR): the tracer gas concentra-tion difference between the supply air outlet and the supply airinlet, divided by the tracer gas concentration differencebetweentheexhaustairinletandthesupplyairinlet,expressedas a percentage.fixed plate exchanger: an exchanger with multiple alternateairflow channe

44、ls, separated by a heat transfer plate(s) andconnected to supply and exhaust airstreams.heatpipeexchanger:anexchangerwithanarrayoffinnedandsealedtubesthatareplacedinside-by-sidesupplyandexhaustairstreams, fabricated with an internal capillary wick structurein each tube, and filled with a refrigerant

45、 heat transfer fluid.indicated value: the reading given by a measurement instru-ment for a physical quantity.maximum deviation: for a set of multiple measurements of aphysical property, from which statistical methods have beenused to remove spurious data points, the greatest of the devi-ations of th

46、e set of indicated values from the mean of the set.Guidance on the removal of spurious data points, sometimesreferred to as outliers, is given inASHRAE Guideline 2-2010,Engineering Analysis of Experimental Data5.outdoor air correction factor (OACF): a factor defined as theentering supply airflow div

47、ided by the leaving supply airflow.precision: the statistical closeness of agreement amongrepeated measurements of the same physical quantity by thesame method under the same conditions.purge airflow: the portion of the supply airflow used toremove exhaust air from the energy transfer media prior to

48、 themedia cycling into the supply airstream.recovery efficiency ratio (RER): a ratio of the energy recov-ered divided by the energy expended in the energy recoveryprocess.regenerator: a device in which an energy transfer medium isexposed alternately to supply and exhaust airstreams for thepurpose of

49、 recovering energy.rotary heat wheel: an exchanger with porous discs, fabricatedfrom materials with heat retention capacity, that are regener-ated by collocated supply and exhaust airstreams.rotary total energy wheel or enthalpy wheel: an exchangerwith porous discs, fabricated from materials with heat andwater-vapor retention capacity, that are regenerated by collo-cated supply and exhaust airstreams.standard air (I-P units):dryairat70Fand14.696psia.Underthese conditions dry air has a mass density of 0.075 lbm/ft3.standardair(SIunits):dryairat21Cand101.325kPaab