ASHRAE 64-2011 Methods of Laboratory Testing Remote Mechanical-Draft Evaporative Refrigerant Condensers.pdf

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1、ASHRAE STANDARDANSI/ASHRAE Standard 64-2011(Supersedes ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 64-2005)Methods of Laboratory Testing Remote Mechanical-Draft Evaporative Refrigerant CondensersApproved by the ASHRAE Standards Committee on January 29, 2011; by the ASHRAE Board of Directors onFebruary 2, 2011; and by the

2、American National Standards Institute on February 3, 2011. ASHRAE Standards are scheduled to be updated on a five-year cycle; the date following the standard numberis the year of ASHRAE Board of Directors approval. The latest edition of an ASHRAE Standard may be pur-chased on the ASHRAE Web site (ww

3、w.ashrae.org) or from ASHRAE Customer Service, 1791 Tullie Circle,NE, Atlanta, GA 30329-2305. E-mail: ordersashrae.org. Fax: 404-321-5478. Telephone: 404-636-8400(worldwide) or toll free 1-800-527-4723 (for orders in US and Canada). For reprint permission, go towww.ashrae.org/permissions. Copyright

4、2011 American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.ISSN 1041-2336American Society of Heating, Refrigeratingand Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.1791 Tullie Circle NE, Atlanta, GA 30329www.ashrae.orgSPECIAL NOTEThis American National Standard (ANS) is a national volunt

5、ary consensus standard developed under the auspices of the AmericanSociety of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE). Consensus is defined by the American National StandardsInstitute (ANSI), of which ASHRAE is a member and which has approved this standard as an ANS, as “subst

6、antial agreement reached bydirectly and materially affected interest categories. This signifies the concurrence of more than a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity.Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered, and that an effort be made toward their resolution.” Complianc

7、e with thisstandard is voluntary until and unless a legal jurisdiction makes compliance mandatory through legislation.ASHRAE obtains consensus through participation of its national and international members, associated societies, and public review.ASHRAE Standards are prepared by a Project Committee

8、 appointed specifically for the purpose of writing the Standard. The ProjectCommittee Chair and Vice-Chair must be members of ASHRAE; while other committee members may or may not be ASHRAE members, allmust be technically qualified in the subject area of the Standard. Every effort is made to balance

9、the concerned interests on all ProjectCommittees. The Manager of Standards of ASHRAE should be contacted for:a. interpretation of the contents of this Standard,b. participation in the next review of the Standard,c. offering constructive criticism for improving the Standard, ord. permission to reprin

10、t portions of the Standard.DISCLAIMERASHRAE uses its best efforts to promulgate Standards and Guidelines for the benefit of the public in light of available information andaccepted industry practices. However, ASHRAE does not guarantee, certify, or assure the safety or performance of any products, c

11、omponents,or systems tested, installed, or operated in accordance with ASHRAEs Standards or Guidelines or that any tests conducted under itsStandards or Guidelines will be nonhazardous or free from risk.ASHRAE INDUSTRIAL ADVERTISING POLICY ON STANDARDSASHRAE Standards and Guidelines are established

12、to assist industry and the public by offering a uniform method of testing for ratingpurposes, by suggesting safe practices in designing and installing equipment, by providing proper definitions of this equipment, and by providingother information that may serve to guide the industry. The creation of

13、 ASHRAE Standards and Guidelines is determined by the need for them,and conformance to them is completely voluntary.In referring to this Standard or Guideline and in marking of equipment and in advertising, no claim shall be made, either stated or implied,that the product has been approved by ASHRAE

14、.ASHRAE Standard Project Committee 64 Cognizant TC: TC 8.6, Cooling Towers and Evaporative CondensersSPLS Liaison: Richard L. Hall*Denotes members of voting status when the document was approved for publicationMark S. Huber, Chair* Paul A. Lindahl, Jr.*Jim Caylor* Frank T. Morrison*Jon M. Edmonds* R

15、onald E. Wood*ASHRAE STANDARDS COMMITTEE 20102011Stephanie Reiniche, Manager of StandardsH. Michael Newman, Chair Allan B. Fraser Janice C. PetersonCarol E. Marriott, Vice-Chair Krishnan Gowri Douglas T. ReindlDouglass S. Abramson Maureen Grasso Boggarm S. SettyKarim Amrane Cecily M. Grzywacz James

16、R. TaubyRobert G. Baker Richard L. Hall James K. VallortHoy R. Bohanon, Jr. Nadar R. Jayaraman William F. WalterSteven F. Bruning Byron W. Jones Michael W. WoodfordKenneth W. Cooper Jay A. Kohler Craig P. WrayMartin Dieryckx Frank Myers Hugh F. Crowther, BOD ExOWilliam P. Bahnfleth, COCONTENTSANSI/A

17、SHRAE Standard 64-2011Methods of Laboratory Testing Remote Mechanical-DraftEvaporative Refrigerant CondensersSECTION PAGEForeword. 21 Purpose 22 Scope . 23 Definitions. 24 Requirements . 25 Instruments. 26 Apparatus . 47 Method of Testing . 68 Test Procedure . 79 Data to be Recorded 710 Calculation

18、of Results. 811 Test Report. 1012 References . 10Informative Appendix A: Methods for Determining the Presence of and for Removing Noncondensables inRemote Mechanical-Draft Evaporative Refrigerant Condensers 11Informative Appendix B: A Method of Measuring the Condenser Leaving Air Wet-Bulb Temperatur

19、e 11Informative Appendix C: Alternate Receiver Arrangements . 12NOTEApproved addenda, errata, or interpretations for this standard can be downloaded free of charge from the ASHRAE Web site at www.ashrae.org/technology. Copyright 2011 American Society of Heating,Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Eng

20、ineers, Inc.1791 Tullie Circle NEAtlanta, GA 30329www.ashrae.orgAll rights reserved. American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not

21、permitted without ASHRAEs prior written permission.2 ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 64-2011(This foreword is not part of this standard. It is merelyinformative and does not contain requirements necessaryfor conformance to the standard. It has not beenprocessed according to the ANSI requirements for astandard

22、and may contain material that has not beensubject to public review or a consensus process.Unresolved objectors on informative material are notoffered the right to appeal at ASHRAE or ANSI.)FOREWORDFirst published in 1974 and revised in 1989, 1995, and2005, Standard 64 has been updated in this editio

23、n in severalways. SI units have now been made the primary units through-out the standard, language such as “should” and “recom-mended” that is not enforceable has been removed or revised,references have been updated to the most recent editions, andvarious minor editorial improvements have been made.

24、 1. PURPOSEThis standard prescribes methods of laboratory testingremote mechanical-draft evaporative refrigerant condensers.2. SCOPE2.1 This standard specifies procedures, apparatus, and instru-mentation by which determinations of remote mechanical-draft evaporative refrigerant condenser capacity ca

25、n beobtained by laboratory testing with accuracy satisfactory to beused as the basis for commercial ratings.2.2 This standard does not prescribe conditions for com-mercial ratings.3. DEFINITIONSThe following key terms are defined in this section. For allother terms, refer to ASHRAE Terminology of He

26、ating, Venti-lation, Air Conditioning and Refrigeration.1condensing temperature: the saturation temperature, in C(F), corresponding to the refrigerant pressure at thecondenser heat exchanger inlet.heat rejection: total heat rejection of the evaporative refriger-ant condenser is equal to the refriger

27、ant mass flow rate timesthe difference between the entering and leaving enthalpies(measured at the condenser) minus the correction for themakeup water (if the makeup is in operation during the testperiod).remote mechanical-draft evaporative-cooled refrigerantcondenser: a self-contained refrigeration

28、 system componentthat condenses refrigerant vapor by rejecting heat to water andair, which are mechanically circulated over the condensersheat transfer surface, thereby causing evaporation of the waterand an increase in the enthalpy of the air. Commonly referredto as an evaporative condenser.subcool

29、ing: the difference in temperature, in C (F), betweenthe saturation temperature corresponding to the measuredoutlet pressure and the measured outlet temperature of theliquid refrigerant from the heat exchanger.superheat: the difference in temperature, in C (F), betweenthe saturation temperature corr

30、esponding to the measuredinlet pressure and the measured inlet temperature of the refrig-erant vapor entering the heat exchanger.4. REQUIREMENTS4.1 Test Setup. The condenser under test shall be installedand tested in one of the closed-loop refrigeration systemsoutlined in Section 6.1. The test appar

31、atus described inSection 6.1 and Figures 6.1, 6.2, and 6.3 are known workablesystems, but this standard does not specify an exclusive list ofrequired components. Variations on these basic systems couldalso produce acceptable test results. Variations that wouldproduce the same result are permitted.4.

32、2 Values To Be Determined. In order to evaluate the per-formance of a condenser, the following values need to bedetermined:a. Condenser total heat rejectionPrimary and confirming mass flow rates of refrigerantRefrigerant enthalpy difference across the con-denserMakeup water correctionb. Entering air

33、 wet-bulb temperaturec. Electrical power input into the condenser fan motor(s)and spray water pump motor(s)4.3 Duration of Test. After establishment of steady-statetest conditions, all required readings, as detailed inSection 9.2, shall be recorded at a maximum of two-minuteintervals. The test perio

34、d shall be defined as a minimum ofthirty (30) minutes of consecutive readings that are within thespecified limits. High-frequency recording is facilitated bythe use of data acquisition systems.4.4 Safety Requirements. All components in the test appa-ratus and the condenser shall meet the design requ

35、irements forsafety as outlined in ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 15, SafetyStandard for Refrigeration Systems.2 5. INSTRUMENTS5.1 General5.1.1 Instruments (or instrument systems) shall beselected to meet the specified accuracies given in the follow-ing subsections.5.1.2 Instrument calibrations shall be tracea

36、ble to primaryor secondary standards calibrated by the National Institute ofStandards and Technology (NIST). The indicated correctionsshall be applied to obtain the required accuracy. Instrumentsshall be recalibrated on a regular schedule appropriate for therespective instruments, and full calibrati

37、on records shall bemaintained. All instruments shall be applied in a manner thatensures compliance with the specified accuracy. American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmiss

38、ion in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAEs prior written permission.ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 64-2011 35.1.3 Instruments shall be applied and used in accordancewith the following documents:a. Temperature sensorsANSI/ASHRAE Standard 41.13b. PressureASME PTC 19.2 4and ASHRAE Stand

39、ard41.35c. ElectricalIEEE 1206d. Water flowASME PTC 19.5,7Chapters 3 and 4, orASHRAE Standard 41.88e. Wet-bulb temperature instrumentsCTI ATC-10695.1.4 The source from which thermodynamic propertiesare taken shall be stated in the test report. The preferredsource is ASHRAE Thermodynamic Properties o

40、f Refriger-ants.10Other sources are NIST Thermodynamic Properties ofRefrigerants and Refrigerant Mixtures Database11and publi-cations distributed by refrigerant manufacturers.5.2 Temperature Measurements. Temperature measure-ments shall be made with instruments having accuracieswithin the specified

41、limits for the following measurements:a. individual refrigerant, water, or air wet-bulb or dry-bulbtemperatures: 0.05C (0.1F) and readable to 0.05C(0.1F)b. temperature differences of water or refrigerant: to within1.0% of the numerical value of the difference beingmeasured c. all other temperatures:

42、 0.1C (0.2F)5.3 Pressure Measurements. Accuracy of instruments formeasuring refrigerant pressures at the condenser shall permitdetermination of the corresponding saturation temperature towithin 0.1C (0.2F). 5.4 Electrical Measurements and Instruments. Instru-ments used for measuring the electrical i

43、nput shall have anaccuracy within 1.0% of the quantity measured. Electricpower measurements shall be made at a location such that theinstrumentation can accurately measure the total power input.Test units that utilize power-altering equipment may requireappropriate isolation and precautions between

44、the measure-ment point and the load device to ensure that accurate powermeasurements are obtained.5.5 Water Flow Measurements. Water flow rates shall bemeasured with instruments having accuracies within 1.0%of the quantity measured.5.5.1 Primary Instruments. Primary instruments thatdirectly measure

45、the flow include the following.5.5.1.1 Orifice plates, venturis, or nozzles constructedand installed in accordance with the procedures outlined inMeasurement of Fluid Flow in Pipes Using Orifice, Nozzleand Venturi, MFC-3M.125.5.1.2 Other primary fluid flow meters that demonstratethe ability to measu

46、re flow rate precisely and accurately. Theyinclude, but are not limited to, magnetic meters and turbinemeters with their associated electronic systems that areinstalled in accordance with manufacturers instructions.5.6 Refrigerant Flow Measurement. Refrigerant flowrates shall be measured with instru

47、ments having accuracieswithin 1.0% of the quantity being measured.5.6.1 Primary Instruments. A Coriolis mass flowmetershall be used and installed in accordance with the manufac-turers instructions. Flow shall be measured as directed inMeasurement of Fluid Flow by Means of Coriolis Mass Flow-meters,

48、MFC-11M.135.6.2 Secondary InstrumentsCalorimeter. Second-ary instruments directly measure the flow of a secondary fluidpassing through a calorimeter. This secondary flow rate,along with the enthalpy difference of the two fluid streamspassing through the calorimeter, is used to infer the refrigerantf

49、low rate. The calorimeter plus all piping between enteringand leaving temperature sensors shall be insulated such as tolimit the calculated heat loss or gain to less than 1.0% of thetotal heat input. A flow diagram of a typical calorimeter isshown in Figure 5-1.5.6.2.1 Evaporator Calorimeters. All evaporator cal-orimeter tests shall be conducted in accordance with ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 41.9, Calorimeter Test Methods for MassFlow Measurement of Volatile Refrigerants.145.6.2.2 Sensible Heat Exchanger Calorimeters. Heatbalance across a sensible refrigerant he