ASHRAE 203-2014 Method of Test for Determining Heat Gain of Office Equipment Used in Buildings.pdf

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1、ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 203-2014Method of Test forDetermining Heat Gain ofOffice EquipmentUsed in BuildingsApproved by ASHRAE on December 30, 2014; and by the American National Standards Institute on December 31, 2014.ASHRAE Standards are scheduled to be updated on a five-year cycle; the date following

2、 the Standard number is the year ofASHRAE approval. The latest edition of an ASHRAE Standard may be purchased on the ASHRAE website (www.ashrae.org)or from ASHRAE Customer Service, 1791 Tullie Circle, NE, Atlanta, GA 30329-2305. E-mail: ordersashrae.org. Fax: 678-539-2129. Telephone: 404-636-8400 (w

3、orldwide) or toll free 1-800-527-4723 (for orders in US and Canada). For reprintpermission, go to www.ashrae.org/permissions. 2014 ASHRAE ISSN 1041-2336SPECIAL NOTEThis American National Standard (ANS) is a national voluntary consensus Standard developed under the auspices of ASHRAE. Consensus is de

4、finedby the American National Standards Institute (ANSI), of which ASHRAE is a member and which has approved this Standard as an ANS, as“substantial agreement reached by directly and materially affected interest categories. This signifies the concurrence of more than a simple majority,but not necess

5、arily unanimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered, and that an effort be made toward their resolution.”Compliance with this Standard is voluntary until and unless a legal jurisdiction makes compliance mandatory through legislation. ASHRAE obtains consensus through parti

6、cipation of its national and international members, associated societies, and public review.ASHRAE Standards are prepared by a Project Committee appointed specifically for the purpose of writing the Standard. The ProjectCommittee Chair and Vice-Chair must be members of ASHRAE; while other committee

7、members may or may not be ASHRAE members, allmust be technically qualified in the subject area of the Standard. Every effort is made to balance the concerned interests on all Project Committees. The Senior Manager of Standards of ASHRAE should be contacted fora. interpretation of the contents of thi

8、s Standard,b. participation in the next review of the Standard,c. offering constructive criticism for improving the Standard, ord. permission to reprint portions of the Standard.DISCLAIMERASHRAE uses its best efforts to promulgate Standards and Guidelines for the benefit of the public in light of av

9、ailable information and acceptedindustry practices. However, ASHRAE does not guarantee, certify, or assure the safety or performance of any products, components, or systemstested, installed, or operated in accordance with ASHRAEs Standards or Guidelines or that any tests conducted under its Standard

10、s or Guidelineswill be nonhazardous or free from risk.ASHRAE INDUSTRIAL ADVERTISING POLICY ON STANDARDSASHRAE Standards and Guidelines are established to assist industry and the public by offering a uniform method of testing for rating purposes, bysuggesting safe practices in designing and installin

11、g equipment, by providing proper definitions of this equipment, and by providing other informationthat may serve to guide the industry. The creation of ASHRAE Standards and Guidelines is determined by the need for them, and conformanceto them is completely voluntary.In referring to this Standard or

12、Guideline and in marking of equipment and in advertising, no claim shall be made, either stated or implied,that the product has been approved by ASHRAE.ASHRAE Standard Project Committee 203Cognizant TC: TC 4.1, Load CalculationsSPLS Liaison: Steven F. BruningGlenn Friedman, Chair* Drury B. Crawley*

13、Som S. Shrestha*Mohammad H. Hosni, Vice Chair* Rolando Legarreta* Christopher K. Wilkins*Robert Doeffinger, Secretary* Guopeng Liu* Denotes members of voting status when the document was approved for publicationASHRAE STANDARDS COMMITTEE 20142015Richard L. Hall, Chair James W. Earley, Jr. Mark P. Mo

14、deraDouglass T. Reindl, Vice-Chair Steven J. Emmerich Cyrus H. NasseriJoseph R. Anderson Patricia T. Graef Heather L. PlattJames Dale Aswegan Rita M. Harrold Peter SimmondsCharles S. Barnaby Adam W. Hinge Wayne H. Stoppelmoor, Jr.Donald M. Brundage Srinivas Katipamula Jack H. ZarourJohn A. Clark Deb

15、ra H. Kennoy Julia A. Keen, BOD ExOWaller S. Clements Malcolm D. Knight Bjarne Wilkens Olesen, CODavid R. Conover Rick A. LarsonJohn F. Dunlap Arsen K. MelkovStephanie C. Reiniche, Senior Manager of StandardsCONTENTSANSI/ASHRAE Standard 203-2014,Method of Test for Determining Heat Gain of Office Equ

16、ipment Used in BuildingsSECTION PAGEForeword .21 Purpose.22 Scope23 Definitions .24 Nomenclature25 Test Apparatus Specifications.26 Test Procedures27 Reporting.38 Normative References 3Normative Annex A: Product Test Report Form4NOTEApproved addenda, errata, or interpretations for this standard can

17、be downloaded free of charge from the ASHRAEWeb site at www.ashrae.org/technology. 2014 ASHRAE1791 Tullie Circle NE Atlanta, GA 30329 www.ashrae.org All rights reserved.ASHRAE is a registered trademark of the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.ANSI is a re

18、gistered trademark of the American National Standards Institute.2 ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 203-2014(This foreword is not part of this standard. It is merelyinformative and does not contain requirements necessaryfor conformance to the standard. It has not been pro-cessed according to the ANSI requirement

19、s for a standardand may contain material that has not been subject topublic review or a consensus process. Unresolved objec-tors on informative material are not offered the right toappeal at ASHRAE or ANSI.)FOREWORDPlug loads are important contributors to a buildings totalair-conditioning or cooling

20、 load and energy consumption.Plug loads over time have evolved to become a larger per-centage of a buildings overall heat gain. Two factors areresponsible for this increased significance. First, over time,computer use has continued to increase, resulting in a muchlarger number of personal computers

21、in use in buildings; sec-ond, advances in building techniques have improved enve-lopes and reduced that portion of the load/energy use.Engineers optimize HVAC equipment selections by care-fully performing cooling load calculations. Internal heatgains from plug loads (e.g., computers, monitors, print

22、ers,projectors, etc.) are a significant portion of the cooling loadcalculations. Most plug loads operate at a fraction of theirnameplate electrical load and, as a result, produce signifi-cantly less heat load than engineers may use in their coolingload calculations based on nameplate values.Manufact

23、urers of plug-load-type equipment report elec-trical requirements for their equipment, and some includepower consumption (heat rejection) information. Some equip-ment manufacturers include nameplate values showing thetotal power rating, while others do not. Some manufacturersmeasure maximum electric

24、 power consumption by the equip-ment and list that as power ratings on the nameplate or in theequipment literature, while some others list the maximumpower capacity of the system. Since the manufacturers powerratings are usually based on instantaneous measurementwhile equipment is working at maximum

25、 capacity, use ofequipment nameplate values for cooling load calculation maylead to over sizing of air-conditioning equipment, resulting inextra initial cost for air-conditioning equipment as well ashigher operating cost. On the other hand, underestimating ofcooling load calculation may result in in

26、sufficient coolingcapacity.Since there are no standards for establishing how thepower consumption or heat rejection data for various plugloads is determined, it is difficult for engineers to accuratelyuse this data in their cooling load calculations. In the past,ASHRAE has funded research projects (

27、RP-822, RP-1055, RP-1482) to develop a test method and measure plug load typeequipment heat rejection. Since plug load type equipment is anever evolving market, equipment design changes frequentlyrequire new testing for power consumption and generation ofheat rejection data for cooling load calculat

28、ion use.Standard 203 defines a method of test for determiningheat gain from plug-load-type electrical office equipment inbuildings. The data is to be used to evaluate the range andaverage operating heat gains for cooling load calculations.1. PURPOSEThis standard prescribes methods of test to determi

29、ne therange and average operating heat gains of electrical equip-ment for use in cooling load calculations.2. SCOPEThis standard applies to plug-load-type electrical equipment.3. DEFINITIONSHVAC: heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning.plug load: the heat load (heat rejected) or energy consumedby

30、 any electrical device plugged into an electrical wall outlet(socket) or a device wired to electrical power.power: defined as P = v i, where i and v are the instanta-neous values of the voltage and current. For constant DC cir-cuit, power is simply the product of the voltage and thecurrent. The powe

31、r in an AC circuit is the product of the volt-age, current, and power factor, P = v i, where is thepower factor. Power is a measure of the rate at which work isbeing done. Watt (or power) transducers provide a means ofmeasuring either AC or DC power and provide a signal pro-portional to the rate at

32、which work is being done. The unit ofelectric power is the watt.1total power consumption: under steady state conditions, withno phase change or chemical reactions involved in the equip-ment, the most accurate method to determine total steady-state heat output is by measuring electric power input to

33、theequipment. Fundamental principles of energy conservationensure that the total output is equal to the total power inputunder these conditions.4. NOMENCLATUREv = voltage, Vi = current, ampP = DC power, W (Btu/h); P = v i (1 W = 3.41 Btu/h)P = AC power,W (Btu/h); P = v i (1W = 3.41 Btu/h) = power fa

34、ctor, dimensionless5. TEST APPARATUS SPECIFICATIONSA watt-hour transducer shall be used to measure the totalpower consumed by the equipment being tested. Most watttransducers measure the instantaneous power averaged oversome time interval to obtain average power. The watt-hourtransducers provide a w

35、att-hour output directly proportionalto the time integral of power.16. TEST PROCEDURES6.1 A watt-hour transducer of load capacity exceeding themaximum plug load equipment load shall be plugged into anelectric power outlet.6.2 Space ambient test conditions shall be 70F (21C)10F (5.6C).6.3 The plug lo

36、ad equipment shall be plugged into a watt-hour transducer.ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 203-2014 36.4 The plug load equipment item shall be turned on. Allowsufficient warm up time if the watt-hour transducer and theelectrical components of the plug load equipment require it.6.5 Turn on the plug load item and

37、 operate continuously atthe mode to be tested, and measure average power consump-tion for a minimum of five minutes. It is imperative to excludethe initial spike in power consumption during the equipmentpower up or start up since a short initial spike in power con-sumption of 30 to 60 seconds durati

38、on does not contribute tothe building heat load significantly.2,3,4Perform a minimumof three test repetitions for each piece of office equipmenttested.6.6 Minimum Test Equipment AccuracyWatt-hour transducer shall be capable of measuringpower consumption with greater than or equal to 97%accuracy at t

39、he measured power level.Temperature sensor shall be capable of measuring tem-perature with an accuracy of better than F (1C) andprecision better than 1F (0.5C).7. REPORTING7.1 Report the test and test results using the form in Norma-tive Annex A.7.2 The test report shall contain the information in t

40、he fol-lowing subsections.7.2.1 Date and time of test.7.2.2 Location of test.7.2.3 Ambient temperature during testing.7.2.4 Name of test personnel.7.2.5 A description of the equipment under test, includingmanufacturer, make, model number, serial number, and thetype of device (e.g., laser printer, la

41、ptop computer).7.3 Test Equipment Information and Calibration7.4 Test location ambient conditions.7.4.1 All recorded data at each operating mode.7.4.2 Nameplate equipment electrical data.7.4.3 Test method, operating mode description, and results.8. NORMATIVE REFERENCES1. Miller, D.W. 1998. Operation

42、 and Calibration ManualWSeries Watt and Watt-Hour Transducers. Freeport, NY:Ohio Semitronics, Inc.2. Hosni, M.H., B.W. Jones, J.M. Sipes, and H. Xu. 1996.Test method for measuring the heat gain and radiant/con-vective split from equipment in buildings. ASHRAE RP-822 Final Report. Atlanta: ASHRAE.3.

43、Hosni, M.H., B.W. Jones, and Y. Xu. 1999. Measurementof heat gain and radiant/convective split from equipmentin buildings. ASHRAE RP-1055 Final Report. Atlanta:ASHRAE.4. Hosni, M. H. and B. T. Beck. 2010. Update to measure-ments of office equipment heat gain data. ASHRAE RP-1482 Final Report. Atlant

44、a: ASHRAE.4 ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 203-2014(This is a normative annex and is part of this standard.)NORMATIVE ANNEX APRODUCTTEST REPORT FORMInstructions to Manufacturer: This form may be adaptedto the manufacturers letterhead and format. Use the exact titleblock, section headings, and numbering system

45、. Providerequested information under each section heading in a formatof your choice.I. MANUFACTURERS INFORMATIONManufacturer: Name/AddressProduct Tested:Principal Contact: Contact InformationLocation of Test:Date and Time of Test:II. PRODUCT INFORMATIONDescription: Type of Device (e.g., laser printe

46、r, laptop,computer).Electric Nameplate Date:Model Number:Serial Number:III. PRODUCT USE NARRATIVEDescribe anticipated on time, cycle time, sleep mode,etc., for insight into end product-use heat rejection.Example: PrinterWarm-up time, steady state printingenergy use, stand-by energy use.Example: Comp

47、uter with ScreenSleep mode energyuse, operating energy use with screen on and screen off.IV. TEST EQUIPMENTDescription, model number, calibration method, and datelast calibrated.V. TESTAmbient Conditions: Temperature dry bulb, wet bulb, andrelative, measured electric service voltage during testing.D

48、uration of Test Reading:Number of Tests:Description of Data Collected: Average readings, numberof test runs.VI. RESULTSAverage steady state powerWatts:Other Qualified Watt Data (e.g., presented as high-lowreadings, average readings, etc.)VII. NARRATIVEDiscuss test results to provide data user with i

49、nformationso that engineering judgment may be applied to the datafor the purpose of determining the equipment contribu-tion to building cooling load.End ReportPOLICY STATEMENT DEFINING ASHRAES CONCERNFOR THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF ITS ACTIVITIESASHRAE is concerned with the impact of its members activities on both the indoor and outdoor environment.ASHRAEs members will strive to minimize any possible deleterious effect on the indoor and outdoor environment ofthe systems and components in their responsibility while maximizing the ben