ASHRAE 185 2-2014 Method of Testing Ultraviolet Lamps for Use in HVAC&R Units or Air Ducts to Inactivate Microorganisms on Irradiated Surfaces.pdf

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1、ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 185.2-2014Method of TestingUltraviolet Lamps for Use inHVAC by the ASHRAE Board of Directors on July 2, 2014; and by theAmerican National Standards Institute on July 3, 2014.ASHRAE Standards are scheduled to be updated on a five-year cycle; the date following the standard number

2、 is the year ofASHRAE Board of Directors approval. The latest edition of an ASHRAE Standard may be purchased on the ASHRAE website(www.ashrae.org) or from ASHRAE Customer Service, 1791 Tullie Circle, NE, Atlanta, GA 30329-2305. E-mail:ordersashrae.org. Fax: 678-539-2129. Telephone: 404-636-8400 (wor

3、ldwide) or toll free 1-800-527-4723 (for orders in US andCanada). For reprint permission, go to www.ashrae.org/permissions. 2014 ASHRAE ISSN 1041-2336SPECIAL NOTEThis American National Standard (ANS) is a national voluntary consensus standard developed under the auspices of ASHRAE.Consensus is defin

4、ed by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI), of which ASHRAE is a member and which has approved thisstandard as an ANS, as “substantial agreement reached by directly and materially affected interest categories. This signifies the concurrenceof more than a simple majority, but not necessar

5、ily unanimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered, and that aneffort be made toward their resolution.” Compliance with this standard is voluntary until and unless a legal jurisdiction makes compliancemandatory through legislation.ASHRAE obtains consensus through participa

6、tion of its national and international members, associated societies, and public review.ASHRAE Standards are prepared by a Project Committee appointed specifically for the purpose of writing the Standard. The ProjectCommittee Chair and Vice-Chair must be members of ASHRAE; while other committee memb

7、ers may or may not be ASHRAE members, allmust be technically qualified in the subject area of the Standard. Every effort is made to balance the concerned interests on all ProjectCommittees.The Manager of Standards of ASHRAE should be contacted for:a. interpretation of the contents of this Standard,b

8、. participation in the next review of the Standard,c. offering constructive criticism for improving the Standard, ord. permission to reprint portions of the Standard.DISCLAIMERASHRAE uses its best efforts to promulgate Standards and Guidelines for the benefit of the public in light of available info

9、rmation andaccepted industry practices. However, ASHRAE does not guarantee, certify, or assure the safety or performance of any products, components,or systems tested, installed, or operated in accordance with ASHRAEs Standards or Guidelines or that any tests conducted under itsStandards or Guidelin

10、es will be nonhazardous or free from risk.ASHRAE INDUSTRIAL ADVERTISING POLICY ON STANDARDSASHRAE Standards and Guidelines are established to assist industry and the public by offering a uniform method of testing for ratingpurposes,bysuggestingsafepracticesindesigningandinstallingequipment,byprovidi

11、ngproperdefinitionsofthisequipment,andbyprovidingother information that may serve to guide the industry.The creation of ASHRAE Standards and Guidelines is determined by the need for them,and conformance to them is completely voluntary.In referring to this Standard or Guideline and in marking of equi

12、pment and in advertising, no claim shall be made, either stated or implied,that the product has been approved by ASHRAE.ASHRAE Standard Project Committee 185CognizantTC:TC 2.9, Ultraviolet Air and SurfaceTreatmentSPLS Liaison: Julie M. FergusonDean A. Saputa, Chair* William Fowler Matt MiddlebrooksK

13、atja D. Auer, Secretary Jaak Geboers Shelly L. Miller*Eric Chen* Henry T. Greist* Richard Vincent*Robert Coleman Sam Guzman Derald WellsChuck Dunn Ganeson Kandasamy* David L. Witham*Stuart Engel* Rick A. Larson* Teri WytkoForrest Fencl David S. Marciniak*Karin K. Foarde* Stephen B. Martin, Jr. *Deno

14、tes members of voting status when the document was approved for publicationASHRAE STANDARDS COMMITTEE 20132014William F. Walter, Chair John F. Dunlap Rick A. LarsonRichard L. Hall, Vice-Chair James W. Earley, Jr. Mark P. ModeraKarim Amrane Steven J. Emmerich Cyrus H. NasseriJoseph R. Anderson Julie

15、M. Ferguson Janice C. PetersonJames Dale Aswegan Krishnan Gowri Heather L. PlattCharles S. Barnaby Cecily M. Grzywacz Douglas T. ReindlSteven F. Bruning Rita M. Harrold Julia A. Keen, BOD ExOJohn A. Clark Adam W. Hinge Thomas E. Werkema, Jr., COWaller S. Clements Debra H. KennoyDavid R. Conover Malc

16、olm D. KnightStephanie C. Reiniche, Manager of StandardsCONTENTSANSI/ASHRAE Standard 185.2-2014,Method of Testing Ultraviolet Lamps for Use in HVAC it gives off a bluish-green light rich inultraviolet radiationradiometer sensor grid: a nine-point cross-sectional grid withpredetermined locations in w

17、hich to mount the radiometersensor head.reflectivity: the fraction of incident UV-C radiation reflectedby a surface.ultraviolet (UV): ultraviolet electromagnetic radiation, whichhas a wavelength in the range of 100 to 400 nm. It can be subdi-vided into ultraviolet A (400 to 320 nm), ultraviolet B (3

18、20 to280 nm), or ultraviolet C (280 to 100 nm) (see ultraviolet C).ultraviolet C (UV-C): electromagnetic wavelength between280 and 100 nm, also called short wave or germicidal. Thegermicidal UV wavelength (commonly 253.7 nm when gen-erated using a mercury vapor lamp) falls into this UV band.UV-C dev

19、ice: a complete assembly consisting of lamp(s), bal-last(s), and supporting fixture. Also called UV-C light(s) inthe configurations, as specified by the equipment provider.4. TEST APPARATUS AND PROCEDURES4.1 Mandatory and Discretionary Requirements. Criticaldimensions and arrangements of the test ap

20、paratus are shownin the figures of this section. All dimensions shown are man-datory unless otherwise indicated, and either SI or I-P dimen-sions are acceptable for any element of the system. Unitsshown are in mm (in.) unless otherwise indicated. The designof equipment not specified, including, but

21、not limited toblowers, valves, and external piping, is discretionary, but theequipment must have adequate capacity to meet the require-ments of this standard.4.2 Installation of UV-C Device. Installation of the ultravio-let C (UV-C) device, and configuration of the lamp assemblywithin the device, sh

22、all be as designated by the manufactureror equipment provider. The burn-in time for lamps shall be100 hours1and shall be performed by the test lab.4.3 Test Duct. The test apparatus shown in Figure 4-1 isdesigned for test devices with nominal face dimensions ofANSI/ASHRAE Standard 185.2-2014 3610 610

23、 mm (24 24 in.) and a length of 1 m (39.4 in.)before and 1 m (39.4 in.) after the test section. A radiometersensor grid (Figure 4-2) shall be located 1 m (39.4 in.) on theupstream and downstream end of the duct section. This testduct section shall be completely lined with flat black feltmaterial to

24、limit reflectivity.4.3.1 A means of viewing the lamps to verify operation shallbe included and consist of UV-absorbing materials to ensurethat exposure to radiation does not occur during viewing.4.3.2 Test duct shall be capable of providing three test tem-peratures of 12.78C, 23.89C, and 48.89C 2.2C

25、 (55F,75F, and 120F 4F). Relative humidity shall be 50% 5%,and air velocity shall be 2.39 0.05 mps (470 10 fpm).4.3.3 The test duct shall be isolated from vibration causedby the blower or other sources of vibration.4.3.4 System airflow is measured with an American Soci-ety of Mechanical Engineers (A

26、SME) flow orifice2or equiva-lent.4.4 UV Irradiance Measurement4.4.1 Radiometer. The planar radiometer sensor shall becosine corrected and fitted with correction filters to providespectral response only to UV-C wavelengths between 220 and280 nm, with a peak response at 254 nm. The radiometer andsenso

27、r shall be calibrated annually against a NIST-traceable254 nm source, according to manufacturer procedures.4.4.2 UV-C Irradiance Measurement. The general testmethod calls for measurement of UV irradiance at three differ-ent air temperatures at each of nine grid points. The generalmethod describes me

28、asurements upstream and downstream ofthe test UV-C device.4.4.2.1 Install UV-C device in test duct. The lamp shallbe installed in the center of the duct, perpendicular to the flowof air. No part of the lamp shall be closer than 1 m (39.4 in.)away from the radiometer sensor grid.4.4.2.2 Mount radiome

29、ter sensor on the first grid point(at Row A, Column 1). The UV-C irradiance sensor shall bemounted on the radiometer sensor grid within the duct suchthat the sensor is parallel to the grid and perpendicular to theairflow.4.4.2.3 Close all accesses to test apparatus.4.4.2.4 Start airflow through the

30、duct and set the appro-priate test conditions for the measurements. Air velocity shallbe 2.39 0.05 mps (470 10 fpm), and relative humidity shallbe 50% 10%, for every test. Measurements are to be con-ducted at each of three air temperatures: 12.8C (55F),23.9C (75F), and 48.9C (120F).4.4.2.5 Turn on U

31、V-C device. Allow airflow and deviceto run at stable conditions for 30 minutes before beginningirradiance measurements.4.4.2.6 Record one minute average of irradiance fromsensor.4.4.2.7 Move radiometer sensor to next grid-point loca-tion. Repeat steps in Sections 4.4.2.4 through 4.4.2.7 untilmeasure

32、ments have been taken at all grid points upstream anddownstream for a minimum of three replications.4.4.2.8 Change air temperature. Repeat steps in Sections4.4.2.4 through 4.4.2.7 at each required air temperature.5. APPARATUS QUALIFICATION TESTING5.1 Apparatus Qualification Tests5.2 Apparatus qualif

33、ication tests shall verify quantitativelythat the test rig and sampling procedures are capable of pro-viding reliable measurements. The tests shall be performed inaccordance with Table 5-1.6. REPORTING RESULTS6.1 Outline. The summary section of the performance reportshall include the following infor

34、mation:a. Name and location of the test laboratoryb. Date of the test.c. Test operators name(s)d. UV-C deviceLamp manufacturers name (or name ofthe marketing organization, if different from the manufac-turer)e. How the UV-C device/lamp was obtainedi.e., fromopen market, manufacturer, etc.f. Descript

35、ion of the test UV-C device/lamp, including thefollowing1. Brand and model number and any identifying marksFIGURE 4-1 Test duct section (side-view detail).4 ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 185.2-20142. Full description of lamp(s) used, including ratedpower (watts input), rated amperage, arc length, lampwattage

36、 and lamp pin configuration (Any marks on thelamp i.e., date codes or serial numbers shall also benoted.)3. Full description of the ballast used to power the lampfor test, including manufacturer, identifying numbers/marks, rated input voltage, amperage and designedoutput amperage4. Physical descript

37、ion of construction, including photoand outline drawing of device or lamp5. Photos of device as positioned in the test rig and a planview and elevation view drawing of exactly how thedevice/lamp is located in the test ductg. Operating information as stated by the manufacturer1. Operating current2. O

38、perating voltageFIGURE 4-2 Radiometer sensor grid.TABLE 5-1 System Qualification Measurement RequirementsParameter Control LimitsAir velocity uniformity is based on traverse measurements over a nine-point cross-sectionalgrid at the test flow rate. The velocity measurements shall be made with an inst

39、rument havingan accuracy of 10% with 0.05 meter per second resolution.CV* 10%Test velocity shall be 2.39 0.05 mps (470 10 fpm)Duct leakageRatio of leak rate to test flow rate.Determined by sealing the duct at inlet filter bank and at the ASME flow nozzle locationsfollowed by metering in air to achie

40、ve a steady duct pressure. The flow rate of the metering air(equal to the leakage flow) is measured for a range of duct pressures.Ratio 1.0%*CV = coefficient of varianceANSI/ASHRAE Standard 185.2-2014 5h. Test data1. Test air temperature and relative humidity2. Airflow rate3. Input volts and watts4.

41、 Pressure drop across the devicei. Complete data, including calibration dates for all mea-surement instruments used in the testj. The UV-C radiometer and sensors (instrumentation)1. Specific radiometer information (brand, accuracyrange, and last calibration record)2. Specific radiometer sensor infor

42、mation (brand, accu-racy range, and the wavelength range)k. Irradiance levels measured per the nine points on each ofthe Radiometer Sensor Grid locations indicating the spe-cific columns and rows and for each of the three specifiedtemperature conditions, as well as an average of all ninepoints at th

43、e three test temperature conditions7. NORMATIVE LIMITATIONSThis standard only applies to low-pressure mercury vaporlamps.The results show only the UV-C intensity upon selectedpoints on a surface at a specific lamp location.8. NORMATIVE REFERENCES1. IESNA. 2000. IESNA Lighting Handbook, 9th ed. M. Re

44、a,ed. NewYork: Illuminating Engineering Society of NorthAmerica.2. ASME PTC (Performance Test Code) 19.5-72 Application,Part II of Fluid Meters, Sixth Edition 1971Interim Sup-plement on Instruments and Apparatus, American Soci-ety of Mechanical Engineers, 345 E. 47th St., New York,NY 10017, 1959.6 A

45、NSI/ASHRAE Standard 185.2-2014(This annex is not part of this standard. It is merely infor-mative and does not contain requirements necessary forconformance to the standard. It has not been processedaccording to the ANSI requirements for a standard andmay contain material that has not been subject t

46、o publicreview or a consensus process. Unresolved objectors oninformative material are not offered the right to appeal atASHRAE or ANSI.)INFORMATIVE ANNEX ALIMITATIONSThe results of the test do not predict performance over servicelife. The equipment provider is expected to give a potentialuser some

47、estimate of the service life characteristics of thedevice for a specified set of expected operating conditions.ASHRAE does not actually test ultraviolet (UV) systemsor determine their performance but promulgates the test pro-cedure used by manufacturers and independent testing labora-tories.UV-C dev

48、ice testing in a laboratory is intended to helpthe user compare the performance of different types of UVsystems. Testing attempts to simulate the performance of UV-C devices in real-life operation but cannot duplicate field con-ditions. Field conditions vary from location to location. Thereporting v

49、alues obtained in accordance with this standardcannot be used by themselves to predict the cleanliness of aspecific HVAC component or the service life of installed UV-C devices.Users of the method will need to determine if their partic-ular device requires specialized testing conditions; however,the general approach described here should be applicable tomost technologies. If the performance of multiple technolo-gies is to be compared, then the test lab needs to standardizeall variables of the test plan.ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 185.2-2014 7(T