ASHRAE 184-2016 Method of Test for Field Performance of Liquid-Chilling Systems.pdf

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1、ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 184-2016Method of Test forField Performance ofLiquid-Chilling SystemsApproved by ASHRAE on October 31, 2016, and by the American National Standards Institute on November 1, 2016.ASHRAE Standards are scheduled to be updated on a five-year cycle; the date following the Standard nu

2、mber is the year ofASHRAE approval. The latest edition of an ASHRAE Standard may be purchased on the ASHRAE website (www.ashrae.org)or from ASHRAE Customer Service, 1791 Tullie Circle, NE, Atlanta, GA 30329-2305. E-mail: ordersashrae.org. Fax: 678-539-2129. Telephone: 404-636-8400 (worldwide) or tol

3、l free 1-800-527-4723 (for orders in US and Canada). For reprintpermission, go to www.ashrae.org/permissions. 2016 ASHRAE ISSN 1041-2336SPECIAL NOTEThis American National Standard (ANS) is a national voluntary consensus Standard developed under the auspices of ASHRAE. Consensus is definedby the Amer

4、ican National Standards Institute (ANSI), of which ASHRAE is a member and which has approved this Standard as an ANS, as“substantial agreement reached by directly and materially affected interest categories. This signifies the concurrence of more than a simple majority,but not necessarily unanimity.

5、 Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered, and that an effort be made toward their resolution.”Compliance with this Standard is voluntary until and unless a legal jurisdiction makes compliance mandatory through legislation. ASHRAE obtains consensus through participation of its

6、national and international members, associated societies, and public review.ASHRAE Standards are prepared by a Project Committee appointed specifically for the purpose of writing the Standard. The ProjectCommittee Chair and Vice-Chair must be members of ASHRAE; while other committee members may or m

7、ay not be ASHRAE members, allmust be technically qualified in the subject area of the Standard. Every effort is made to balance the concerned interests on all Project Committees. The Senior Manager of Standards of ASHRAE should be contacted fora. interpretation of the contents of this Standard,b. pa

8、rticipation in the next review of the Standard,c. offering constructive criticism for improving the Standard, ord. permission to reprint portions of the Standard.DISCLAIMERASHRAE uses its best efforts to promulgate Standards and Guidelines for the benefit of the public in light of available informat

9、ion and acceptedindustry practices. However, ASHRAE does not guarantee, certify, or assure the safety or performance of any products, components, or systemstested, installed, or operated in accordance with ASHRAEs Standards or Guidelines or that any tests conducted under its Standards or Guidelinesw

10、ill be nonhazardous or free from risk.ASHRAE INDUSTRIAL ADVERTISING POLICY ON STANDARDSASHRAE Standards and Guidelines are established to assist industry and the public by offering a uniform method of testing for rating purposes, bysuggesting safe practices in designing and installing equipment, by

11、providing proper definitions of this equipment, and by providing other informationthat may serve to guide the industry. The creation of ASHRAE Standards and Guidelines is determined by the need for them, and conformanceto them is completely voluntary.In referring to this Standard or Guideline and in

12、 marking of equipment and in advertising, no claim shall be made, either stated or implied,that the product has been approved by ASHRAE.ASHRAE Standard Project Committee 184Cognizant TC: 8.2, Centrifugal MachinesSPLS Liaison: James W. Earley, Jr.Mark Baines, Chair* Ersin Gercek* Brent Sigmon*John I.

13、 Vucci, Vice Chair* Robert J. Hill* Ian D. Spanswick*Robert L. Blanton, Secretary* Phillip A. Johnson* R. Alan Spence*Rupal A. Choksi* Brian J. Rodgers* Denotes members of voting status when the document was approved for publicationASHRAE STANDARDS COMMITTEE 20162017Rita M. Harrold, Chair Michael W.

14、 Gallagher Cyrus H. NasseriSteven J. Emmerich, Vice-Chair Walter T. Grondzik David RobinJames D. Aswegan Vinod P. Gupta Peter SimmondsNiels Bidstrup Susanna S. Hanson Dennis A. StankeDonald M. Brundage Roger L. Hedrick Wayne H. Stoppelmoor, Jr.Drury B. Crawley Rick M. Heiden Jack H. ZarourJohn F. Du

15、nlap, Srinivas Katipamula William F. Walter, BOD ExOJames W. Earley, Jr. Cesar L. Lim Patricia Graef, COKeith I. Emerson Arsen K. MelikovJulie M. Ferguson R. Lee Millies, Jr.Stephanie C. Reiniche, Senior Manager of Standards ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, di

16、stribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAEs prior written permission.CONTENTSANSI/ASHRAE Standard 184-2016,Method of Test for Field Performance of Liquid-Chilling SystemsSECTION PAGEForeword .21 Purpose.22 Scope23 Use of Standard 184 .24 Definitions,

17、Abbreviations, and Acronyms.25 Equipment Types 46 Calculations and Conversions.57 Test Requirements128 Test Procedures229 Data to Be Recorded.2310 Reporting of Results2311 Nomenclature2312 Normative References.23Informative Appendix A: References.28Normative Appendix B: Measurement Points29Normative

18、 Appendix C: Calculation of Performance and Uncertainty of Results36Informative Appendix D: Instrumentation 37Informative Appendix E: Additional Information for Measurement Points .39Normative Appendix F: Pretest Checklist46Informative Appendix G: Best Practices for Achieving Test Conditions49Inform

19、ative Appendix H: Comparison of Test Results 50NOTEApproved addenda, errata, or interpretations for this standard can be downloaded free of charge from the ASHRAEwebsite at www.ashrae.org/technology. 2016 ASHRAE1791 Tullie Circle NE Atlanta, GA 30329 www.ashrae.org All rights reserved.ASHRAE is a re

20、gistered trademark of the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.ANSI is a registered trademark of the American National Standards Institute. ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print

21、 or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAEs prior written permission.2 ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 184-2016(This foreword is not part of this standard. It is merelyinformative and does not contain requirements necessaryfor conformance to the standard. It has not been pro-cessed according to the ANSI

22、requirements for a standardand may contain material that has not been subject topublic review or a consensus process. Unresolved objec-tors on informative material are not offered the right toappeal at ASHRAE or ANSI.)FOREWORDASHRAE Standard 184 prescribes methods for obtaining per-formance data rel

23、ating to field-installed liquid-chilling sys-tems. It is intended to provide the minimum requirementsnecessary to conduct field testing in accordance with test cir-cumstances and conditions that the owner and test agencyhave agreed to prior to collecting test data, and are based onthe actual obtaina

24、ble conditions at the location of the field-installed system.The standard provides a great deal of flexibility withregard to test conditions and instrumentation selection.Reporting the uncertainty of the measured and calculated per-formance data before and after testing is a requirement of thestanda

25、rd. The standard does not define a set of conditions underwhich the system shall be operated during testing, nor doesthe standard address the comparison of measured and calcu-lated performance data to any previously defined set of dataor rating information. A performance and uncertainty calculator i

26、n the formof a Microsoft Excelspreadsheet is being developed and isplanned for release in the future as an addendum to thisstandard.1. PURPOSEThe purpose of this standard is to prescribe methods of fieldperformance testing for liquid-chilling systems.2. SCOPE2.1 This standard includes the following

27、types of liquid-chilling systems. These system types are further described inSection 5, “Equipment Types.”2.1.1 Vapor compression cycle.2.1.2 Absorption cycle.2.2 This standard does not include systems with a net refrig-eration capacity less than 10 tonR(35 kW).2.3 This standard does not include a s

28、pecification of stan-dardized test conditions under which the liquid-chilling sys-tem must operate. Test conditions typically reflect theexpected operating conditions and are customer specified.3. USE OF STANDARD 184The standard is intended to be used to measure the perfor-mance of liquid-chilling s

29、ystems that are newly installedequipment or existing systems in any state of operation. Thestandard is intended to prescribe the testing process givenexisting site conditions. Additionally, the standard shall beused to determine and minimize the resultant level of mea-surement uncertainty. The stand

30、ard shall be used by designersof new installations to minimize measurement uncertaintyduring field performance testing.4. DEFINITIONS, ABBREVIATIONS, ANDACRONYMS4.1 General. Certain terms, abbreviations, and acronyms aredefined in this section for the purposes of this standard. Thesedefinitions are

31、applicable to all sections of this standard.Terms that are not defined shall have their ordinarily acceptedmeanings within the context in which they are used. Ordi-narily accepted meanings shall be based on definitions in thecurrent edition of ASHRAE Terminology1. If not defined inASHRAE Terminology

32、, then ordinarily accepted meaningsshall be based on American Standard English language usageas documented in an unabridged dictionary accepted by theadopting authority.4.2 Definitionsauxiliary power: See power.British thermal unit (Btu): the quantity of heat required toraise the temperature of one

33、pound of water by one degreeFahrenheit at a specified temperature. This standard uses theInternational Table (IT) definition, where the quantity of heat isdefined to be 1055.05585262 J (1 BtuIT).capacity: a measurable physical quantity, the rate that heat(energy) is added to or removed from the liqu

34、id side of arefrigerating system. Capacity is defined as the mass flow rateof the liquid multiplied by the difference in enthalpy of liquidentering and leaving the heat exchanger. This standard usesan approximation of the liquid enthalpy difference, based onspecific heat and temperature difference a

35、nd in some casesalso the pressure losses.gross heating capacity: the capacity of the water-cooledcondenser as measured by the total heat transferred fromthe refrigerant to the liquid in the condenser. This valueincludes both the sensible heat transfer and the frictionheat losses from pressure loss e

36、ffects of the liquid flowthrough the condenser. This value is used to calculate theenergy balance of a test.gross cooling capacity: the capacity of the evaporator asmeasured by the total heat transferred from the liquid tothe refrigerant in the evaporator. This value includesboth the sensible heat t

37、ransfer and the friction heat lossesfrom pressure loss effects of the liquid flow through theevaporator. This value is used to calculate the energybalance of a heating capacity: the capacity of the condenser foruseful heating of the thermal load, external to the liquid-chilling system, calculated u

38、sing only the sensible cooling capacity: the capacity of the evaporator foruseful cooling of the thermal load, external to the liquid- ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHR

39、AEs prior written permission.ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 184-2016 3chilling system, calculated using only the sensible heattransfer.chiller: refrigerating machine used to transfer heat betweentwo or more fluids, where one or more of the fluids is in a liq-uid state.Informative Note: This standard covers ma

40、ny differentconfigurations of cooling and heating equipment. In order tosimplify the text in this standard, the word chiller is used torepresent all forms of equipment included in the scope, be itcooling or heating, with water or other liquid as the fluidbeing cooled or heated.condenser: a refrigera

41、ting system component that condensesrefrigerant from vapor state to liquid state by the removal ofheat. Desuperheating and subcooling of the refrigerant occursas well in systems that have desuperheaters and subcoolers.air-cooled condenser: a condenser, including condenserfan(s), that condenses refri

42、gerant vapor by rejecting heatto air mechanically circulated over its heat transfer sur-face, causing a temperature rise in the air.evaporatively cooled condenser: a condenser that con-denses refrigerant vapor by rejecting heat to a water andair mixture mechanically circulated over its heat transfer

43、surface, causing evaporation of the water and an increasein the enthalpy of the air.water-cooled condenser: a condenser that condensesrefrigerant vapor by rejecting heat to liquid mechanicallycirculated over its heat transfer surface, causing a tem-perature rise in the liquid.water-cooled heat recla

44、im condenser: a water-cooledcondenser that is either a separate parallel condenser in arefrigerating system using two or more condensers, or aportion of a water-cooled condenser with two or moreliquid circuits, with the purpose of heat reclaim.efficiency: performance at specified operating condition

45、s,expressed as the ratio of the capacity output and the totalpower input of a process or a machine. energy efficiency: any one of several metrics calculatedas a ratio of two quantities: (a) thermal energy movementexpressed as a rate and (b) required energy input to movethat thermal energy. Alternate

46、 energy efficiency metricsare defined in Section 6. In the alternate metrics, thenumerator and denominator are switched and the units ofmeasure will vary. All efficiency metrics shall be stated inconjunction with a complete set of operating conditions. cooling efficiency: ratio of net refrigerating

47、capacity andthe total power input. The ratio is inverted depending onthe selected units of measure.COPR: coefficient of performance, the cooling effi-ciency expressed as a dimensionless ratio of netrefrigerating capacity divided by the total powerinput.EER: energy efficiency ratio, the cooling effic

48、iencyexpressed as a ratio of net refrigerating capacitydivided by the total power input. EER shall use Btu/hfor net refrigerating capacity and W for total inputpower.kW/tonR: power input per unit capacity, the coolingefficiency expressed as a ratio of the total power inputdivided by the net refriger

49、ating capacity. kW/tonRshall use kW for total input power and tonRfor netrefrigerating capacity.heating efficiency: ratio of net heating capacity and thetotal power input.COPH: coefficient of performance, the heating effi-ciency expressed as a dimensionless ratio of netheating capacity divided by the total power input.simultaneous heating and cooling efficiency: ratio ofnet heating capacity plus net refrigerating capacity to thetotal power inputCOPHR: coefficient of performance, the heating effi-ciency expressed as a dimensionless ratio of the