ASHRAE 124-2007 Methods of Testing for Rating Combination Space-Heating and Water-Heating Appliances《空间加热器和热水器联合装置的额定值测试方法》.pdf

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1、ASHRAE STANDARDAmerican Society of Heating, Refrigeratingand Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.1791 Tullie Circle NE, Atlanta, GA 30329www.ashrae.orgMethods of Testing forRating CombinationSpace-Heating andWater-HeatingAppliancesANSI/ASHRAE Standard 124-2007(Supersedes ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 124-1991)Ap

2、proved by the ASHRAE Standards Committee on January 27, 2007; by the ASHRAE Board of Directors on March25, 2007; and by the American National Standards Institute on March 26, 2007.ASHRAE Standards are scheduled to be updated on a five-year cycle; the date following the standard number isthe year of

3、ASHRAE Board of Directors approval. The latest copies may be purchased from ASHRAE CustomerService, 1791 Tullie Circle, NE, Atlanta, GA 30329-2305. E-mail: ordersashrae.org. Fax: 404-321-5478. Tele-phone: 404-636-8400 (worldwide) or toll free 1-800-527-4723 (for orders in US and Canada). Copyright 2

4、007ASHRAE, Inc.ISSN 1041-2336www.ansi.orgASHRAE Standard Project Committee 124Cognizant TC: TC 6.6, Service Water HeatingSPLS Liaison: H. Michael NewmanCyrus H. Nasseri, Chair* Daryl L. Hosler* Joseph A. Pietsch*Timothy A. Bernadowski Eric M. Lannes* Fred J. SchreinerJohn C. Bock Stanley T. Liu Fran

5、k A. Stanonik*Daniel J. Dempsey* J. D. Marran* Bodh R. Subherwal*Dieter Goettling R. Michael Martin* John M. Talbott*Allen J. Hanley Karl W. Mayer Keith A. TempleRobert J. Hemphill* James H. Nation* Otto Z. VagoEdwin A. Nordstrom*Denotes members of voting status when the document was approved for pu

6、blicationASHRAE STANDARDS COMMITTEE 2006-2007David E. Knebel, ChairStephen D. Kennedy, Vice-ChairMichael F. BedaDonald L. BrandtSteven T. BushbyPaul W. CabotHugh F. CrowtherSamuel D. Cummings, Jr.Robert G. DoerrRoger L. HedrickJohn F. HoganEli P. Howard, IIIFrank E. JakobJay A. KohlerJames D. LutzCa

7、rol E. MarriottMerle F. McBrideMark P. ModeraRoss D. MontgomeryH. Michael NewmanStephen V. SantoroLawrence J. SchoenStephen V. SkalkoBodh R. SubherwalJerry W. White, Jr.James E. WoodsRichard D. Hermans, BOD ExOHugh D. McMillan III, COClaire B. Ramspeck, Assistant Director of Technology for Standards

8、 and Special ProjectsSPECIAL NOTEThis American National Standard (ANS) is a national voluntary consensus standard developed under the auspices of the AmericanSociety of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE). Consensus is defined by the American National StandardsInstitute (A

9、NSI), of which ASHRAE is a member and which has approved this standard as an ANS, as “substantial agreement reached bydirectly and materially affected interest categories. This signifies the concurrence of more than a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity.Consensus requires that all views a

10、nd objections be considered, and that an effort be made toward their resolution.” Compliance with thisstandard is voluntary until and unless a legal jurisdiction makes compliance mandatory through legislation.ASHRAE obtains consensus through participation of its national and international members, a

11、ssociated societies, and public review.ASHRAE Standards are prepared by a Project Committee appointed specifically for the purpose of writing the Standard. The ProjectCommittee Chair and Vice-Chair must be members of ASHRAE; while other committee members may or may not be ASHRAE members, allmust be

12、technically qualified in the subject area of the Standard. Every effort is made to balance the concerned interests on all ProjectCommittees. The Manager of Standards of ASHRAE should be contacted for:a. interpretation of the contents of this Standard,b. participation in the next review of the Standa

13、rd,c. offering constructive criticism for improving the Standard, ord. permission to reprint portions of the Standard.DISCLAIMERASHRAE uses its best efforts to promulgate Standards and Guidelines for the benefit of the public in light of available information and acceptedindustry practices. However,

14、 ASHRAE does not guarantee, certify, or assure the safety or performance of any products, components, orsystems tested, installed, or operated in accordance with ASHRAEs Standards or Guidelines or that any tests conducted under its Standardsor Guidelines will be nonhazardous or free from risk.ASHRAE

15、 INDUSTRIAL ADVERTISING POLICY ON STANDARDSASHRAE Standards and Guidelines are established to assist industry and the public by offering a uniform method of testing for ratingpurposes, by suggesting safe practices in designing and installing equipment, by providing proper definitions of this equipme

16、nt, and by providingother information that may serve to guide the industry. The creation of ASHRAE Standards and Guidelines is determined by the need for them,and conformance to them is completely voluntary.In referring to this Standard or Guideline and in marking of equipment and in advertising, no

17、 claim shall be made, either stated or implied,that the product has been approved by ASHRAE.CONTENTSANSI/ASHRAE Standard 124-2007Methods of Testing for Rating CombinationSpace-Heating and Water-Heating AppliancesSECTION PAGEForeword. 21 Purpose 22 Scope . 23 Definitions and Nomenclature 24 Classific

18、ations. 45 Requirements . 56 Instruments. 57 Apparatus . 58 Test Setup. 119 Test Procedure . 1310 Data to be Recorded. 1511 Calculations 1612 References . 18Informative Annex A: Determination of Combined Annual Efficiency (CAE)for Installations with Single-Function Appliances . 19Informative Annex B

19、: US National and Regional Average Conditions 20Informative Annex C:Length of Heating Season. 21NOTEWhen interpretations or errata to this standard have been approved, they can be downloaded free of charge from the ASHRAE Web site at http:/www.ashrae.org. Copyright 2007 American Society of Heating,R

20、efrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.1791 Tullie Circle NEAtlanta, GA 30329www.ashrae.orgAll rights reserved.2 ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 124-2007(This foreword is not part of this standard. It is merelyinformative and does not contain requirements necessaryfor conformance to the standard. It

21、has not beenprocessed according to the ANSI requirements for astandard and may contain material that has not beensubject to public review or a consensus process.Unresolved objectors on informative material are notoffered the right to appeal at ASHRAE or ANSI.)FOREWORDANSI/ASHRAE Standard 124-2007 is

22、 a revision of ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 124-1991. Among the major improvementsin this edition of the standard are new definitions of Type I andType II appliances, added calculation procedures for combi-nation units utilizing large commercial water heaters, revisedinstrumentation and apparatus specificat

23、ions to better alignwith related ASHRAE Standards, the elimination of some pre-viously assigned values, and the elimination of APPENDIX Aand its efficiency quotients of effective space-heating effi-ciency, CA AFUE, and effective water-heating efficiency, CAEF.Also included are numerous editorial imp

24、rovements and ageneral updating of references and graphics.1. PURPOSEThe purpose of this standard is to establish a method oftest to rate the performance of a combination space-heatingand water-heating appliance.2. SCOPE2.1 This test method is intended to cover electric, gas-fired,and oil-fired comb

25、ination space-heating and water-heatingappliances.2.2 This standard covers appliances up to 300,000 Btu/h(87.9 kW) rated input.3. DEFINITIONS AND NOMENCLATURE3.1 Definitionsautomatic vent damper: for purposes of this standard, an elec-trically operated or thermally actuated mechanical deviceinstalle

26、d downstream of the draft hood.boiler, low-pressure steam or hot water: an electric, gas, oroil-burning appliance designed to supply low-pressure steamor hot water for space-heating applications. A low-pressuresteam boiler operates at or below 15 psig (103.4 kPa) steampressure; a hot water boiler op

27、erates at or below 160 psig(1102.4 kPa) water pressure and 250F (121C) water temper-bination space-heating and water-heating appliance: aunit that is designed to provide space heating and potablewater heating from a single primary energy source.control, single-stage: a control that cycles a burner b

28、etweenthe maximum heat input rate and off. control, modulating: a manual or automatic step-modulatingcontrol. Also referred to as a two-stage control.control, two-stage: a modulating control that both cycles aburner between a reduced heat input rate and OFF and cyclesa burner between the maximum hea

29、t input rate and OFF. It mayalso switch from OFF to reduced fire to high fire to OFF againunder certain load conditions.control, step modulating: a modulating control that cycles aburner between the reduced input rate and OFF if the heatingload is light. If a higher heating load is encountered that

30、cannotbe met with the reduced input rate, the control goes into amodulating mode where it either gradually or incrementallyincreases the input rate to meet the higher heating load. At thatpoint, if a lower heating load is encountered, the control eithergradually or incrementally decreases to the red

31、uced input rate.(a) automatic modulating control: a step-modulatingcontrol that is capable of controlling the burner fuel inputrate between maximum and the minimum adjustableinput rate in response to a varying heating load.(b) manually adjusted modulating control: a step-modu-lating control adjusted

32、 for reduced input at the time ofinstallation of the furnace or boiler.draft hood: a devise built into a gas-fired appliance, or exter-nal to it, that is designed to (a) provide for the ready escape offlue gases in the event of no draft, back draft, or stoppagebeyond the draft hood, (b) prevent a ba

33、ck draft from enteringthe appliance, and (c) neutralize the effect of stack action ofthe chimney or gas vent on the operation of the appliance.direct exhaust system: an appliance venting system suppliedor recommended by the manufacturer through which the prod-ucts of combustion pass directly from th

34、e appliance to theoutside and that does not employ a means of draft relief. Thissystem includes units with small air passages in the flue (airpassages that do not have an opening area in excess of 10% ofthe cross-sectional area of the vent).direct vent system: a manufacturer-supplied system thatprov

35、ides outdoor air directly to a unit for combustion anddischarges all flue gases to the outside atmosphere.first-hour rating: an estimate of the maximum volume of“hot” water that a storage-type water heater or an integratedheater can supply within an hour from the time that the waterheater is fully h

36、eated (i.e., with all thermostats satisfied). Thisrating is a function of both the storage volume and the recoveryrate.flue: a conduit between the flue outlet of the appliance and theintegral draft diverter, draft hood, barometric draft regulator,vent terminal, or any other point of draft relief.flu

37、e collar: a projection or recess provided to accommodatethe vent connector or draft hood.flue gases: all gases in the flue during the duration of combus-tion in the combustion chamber, including reaction products,inerts, and any excess air.flue outlet: the opening provided in an appliance for theesc

38、ape of flue gases.maximum gpm (L/s) rating: the maximum gallons per minute(liters per second) of domestic hot water that can be suppliedcontinuously by an instantaneous water heater or a tanklessANSI/ASHRAE Standard 124-2007 3heater while maintaining a nominal temperature rise of 77F(42.8C) during s

39、teady-state operation.“shall”: where “shall” or “shall not” is used, a provision ismandatory if compliance with this standard is claimed.“should,” “it is recommended,” or “it is not recommended”:terms used to indicate provisions that are not mandatory butare desirable as good practice.stack: the por

40、tion of the exhaust system downstream of thedraft diverter, draft hood, or barometric draft regulator.storage water heater: an appliance that heats and stores pota-ble water within the appliance at a thermostatically controlledtemperature for delivery on demand and has an input rate ofless than 4,00

41、0 Btu/h per gallon (310W/L) of stored water.tankless heater: a heat exchanger for indirect heating ofdomestic water. Designed to be used without a domestic waterstorage tank, it may be attached directly to the boiler orinstalled external to the boiler and connected by piping.thermostat, tank: a devi

42、ce that senses changes in stored watertemperature and that controls, by means of separate compo-nents, the flow of energy to maintain selected temperatures.vent connector: the portion of the venting system thatconnects the gas appliance or its draft hood to the chimney orvent terminal.vent pipe: pas

43、sages and conduits in a direct vent or directexhaust system through which gases pass from the combustionchamber to the outdoor air.water temperature control: a device that senses boiler watertemperature and controls burner operation.3.2 Nomenclature CAE = combined annual efficiency, %. Caux= auxilia

44、ry electric input associated with theproduction of domestic hot water, kWh (MJ). Caux-d= auxiliary electric input during draw period,kWh (MJ). Caux-sb= auxiliary electric input during standby loss test,kWh (MJ). Caux-r1= auxiliary electric input during recovery fromstandby, kWh (MJ). Caux-r2= auxili

45、ary electric input during recovery from thedraw period, kWh (MJ.) CEhs= combined heating season efficiency, %. CEns= non-heating season efficiency, %. Dh= average heating season days. Dn= average non-heating season days. EF = energy factor, water heating. Er= recovery efficiency, dimensionless.Effyh

46、s= space-heating seasonal efficiency, %.Effyss= space-heating steady-state efficiency, %.F = first-hour rating of a storage-type water heater oran integrated heater, gal (L).FR = flow rate for systems with storage of domesticwater, gpm (L). FRmax= steady-state flow rate at the rated input for aninst

47、antaneous water heater or tankless heater togive a discharge temperature of 135F5F(57.2C2.8C), gpm (L/s). FRmin= flow rate at reduced output for an instantaneouswater heater or tankless heater, gpm (L/s). G = volume of water drawn during first hour test,gal (L). HHV = fuel higher heating value, Btu/

48、lb, Btu/ft3, Btu/gal(kJ/kg, J/L, kJ/L). cp= specific heat of water, Btu/lbF (kJ/kg K).n = for storage-type water heaters or integratedheaters, total number of draws during the first-hourrating test. NHF = non-heating season water-heating factor. Q1= corrected standby energy consumption for24 hours,

49、Btu (kJ). Q2= corrected draw period energy consumption forwater drawn, Btu (kJ). Qd = draw period measured energy consumption,Btu (kJ). qin= energy input rate, Btu/h (W.)Qrs= total energy input, Btu (kJ.)Qr1= recovery energy after 18-hour standby test,Btu (kJ).Qr2= recovery energy after the draw period, Btu (kJ). Qsb= standby loss test energy input, Btu (kJ).R = ratio of non-heating season days to heatingseason days. S = standby loss, storage type, h1.SHF = space-heating factor.tfhr= total time of first-hour draw test, min.t0= start time of first-hour draw test.tr