ASHRAE 18-2008 Methods of Testing for Rating Drinking-Water Coolers with Self-Contained Mechanical Refrigeration《带自容式机力冷冻的饮用水冷却器分级试验方法》.pdf

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1、ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 18-2008 (RA 2013)(Reaffirmation of ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 18-2008)Methods of Testingfor RatingDrinking-Water Coolerswith Self-ContainedMechanical RefrigerationApproved by the ASHRAE Standards Committee on June 21, 2008, and reaffirmed January 26, 2013; by the ASHRAE Board ofDirect

2、ors on June 25, 2008, and reaffirmed January 29, 2013; and by the American National Standards Institute on June 26, 2008,and reaffirmed January 30, 2013.ASHRAE Standards are scheduled to be updated on a five-year cycle; the date following the standard number is the year ofASHRAE Board of Directors a

3、pproval. The latest edition of an ASHRAE Standard may be purchased on the ASHRAE Web site(www.ashrae.org) or from ASHRAE Customer Service, 1791 Tullie Circle, NE, Atlanta, GA 30329-2305. E-mail:ordersashrae.org. Fax: 404-321-5478. Telephone: 404-636-8400 (worldwide) or toll free 1-800-527-4723 (for

4、orders in US andCanada). For reprint permission, go to www.ashrae.org/permissions. 2013 ASHRAE ISSN 1041-2336 ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAEs prior written permissi

5、on.SPECIAL NOTEThis American National Standard (ANS) is a national voluntary consensus standard developed under the auspices of ASHRAE.Consensus is defined by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI), of which ASHRAE is a member and which has approved thisstandard as an ANS, as “substantial

6、agreement reached by directly and materially affected interest categories. This signifies the concurrenceof more than a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered, and that aneffort be made toward their resolution.” Compliance with

7、this standard is voluntary until and unless a legal jurisdiction makes compliancemandatory through legislation.ASHRAE obtains consensus through participation of its national and international members, associated societies, and public review.ASHRAE Standards are prepared by a Project Committee appoin

8、ted specifically for the purpose of writing the Standard. The ProjectCommittee Chair and Vice-Chair must be members of ASHRAE; while other committee members may or may not be ASHRAE members, allmust be technically qualified in the subject area of the Standard. Every effort is made to balance the con

9、cerned interests on all ProjectCommittees. The Manager of Standards of ASHRAE should be contacted for:a. interpretation of the contents of this Standard,b. participation in the next review of the Standard,c. offering constructive criticism for improving the Standard, ord. permission to reprint porti

10、ons of the Standard.DISCLAIMERASHRAE uses its best efforts to promulgate Standards and Guidelines for the benefit of the public in light of available information andaccepted industry practices. However, ASHRAE does not guarantee, certify, or assure the safety or performance of any products, componen

11、ts,or systems tested, installed, or operated in accordance with ASHRAEs Standards or Guidelines or that any tests conducted under itsStandards or Guidelines will be nonhazardous or free from risk.ASHRAE INDUSTRIAL ADVERTISING POLICY ON STANDARDSASHRAE Standards and Guidelines are established to assi

12、st industry and the public by offering a uniform method of testing for ratingpurposes, by suggesting safe practices in designing and installing equipment, by providing proper definitions of this equipment, and by providingother information that may serve to guide the industry. The creation of ASHRAE

13、 Standards and Guidelines is determined by the need for them,and conformance to them is completely voluntary.In referring to this Standard or Guideline and in marking of equipment and in advertising, no claim shall be made, either stated or implied,that the product has been approved by ASHRAE.ASHRAE

14、 STANDARDS COMMITTEE 20122013Kenneth W. Cooper, Chair Julie M. Ferguson Janice C. PetersonWilliam F. Walter, Vice-Chair Krishnan Gowri Heather L. PlattDouglass S. Abramson Cecily M. Grzywacz Ira G. PostonKarim Amrane Richard L. Hall Douglas T. ReindlCharles S. Barnaby Rita M. Harrold James R. TaubyH

15、oy R. Bohanon, Jr. Adam W. Hinge James K. VallortSteven F. Bruning Debra H. Kennoy Craig P. WrayDavid R. Conover Jay A. Kohler Charles H. Culp, III, BOD ExOSteven J. Emmerich Rick A. Larson Constantinos A. Balaras, COMark P. ModeraStephanie C. Reiniche, Manager of StandardsASHRAE Standard Project Co

16、mmittee 18Cognizant TC: TC 10.9, Refrigeration Applications for Foods and BeveragesSPLS Liaison: Roger L. Hedrick*Denotes members of voting status when the document was approved for publicationR. Michael Martin, Chair*Alison V. Andrews*Peter J. Biermayer*David B. Cowen*Bodh R. Subherwal* ASHRAE (www

17、.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAEs prior written permission.CONTENTSANSI/ASHRAE Standard 18-2008 (RA 2013),Methods of Testing for Rating Drinking-Water Coolerswith Self-Contained

18、 Mechanical RefrigerationSECTION PAGEForeword. 21 Purpose 22 Scope . 23 Definitions. 24 Instrumentation and Apparatus 35 Methods of Testing . 46 References . 7NOTEApproved addenda, errata, or interpretations for this standard can be downloaded free of charge from the ASHRAE Web site at www.ashrae.or

19、g/technology. 2013 ASHRAE1791 Tullie Circle NE Atlanta, GA 30329 www.ashrae.org All rights reserved.ASHRAE is a registered trademark of the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.ANSI is a registered trademark of the American National Standards Institute. ASHR

20、AE (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAEs prior written permission.2 ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 18-2008 (RA 2013)(This foreword is not a part of this standard. It is merelyinformative

21、and does not contain requirements necessaryfor conformance to the standard. It has not been processedaccording to the ANSI requirements for a standard andmay contain material that has not been subject to publicreview or a consensus process.) FOREWORDThis is a reaffirmation of ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 18

22、-2008. This standard was prepared under the auspices ofASHRAE. It may be used, in whole or in part, by an associationor government agency with due credit to ASHRAE. Adherenceis strictly on a voluntary basis and merely in the interests ofobtaining uniform standards throughout the industry. The change

23、s made for the 2013 reaffirmation were: References were updated.Minor editorial changes were made.Nonmandatory language in Sections 5.2.1.2 and 5.4.1was revised.1. PURPOSEThe purposes of this standard are as follows:a. To establish the types of equipment to which the provi-sions of this standard app

24、ly.b. To define terms describing the equipment covered andterms related to testing.c. To specify types of instrumentation and test apparatusrequired in testing.d. To specify methods of procedure to be used when test-ing for rating.e. To specify a uniform method for calculation of results.f. To speci

25、fy data and results to be recorded.2. SCOPE2.1 This standard applies to self-contained, mechanicallyrefrigerated drinking-water coolers as described below:a. Water coolers that are supplied with piped water underpressure.b. Water coolers that require a bottle or reservoir to storethe supply of water

26、 to be cooled.c. Water coolers of the general type described in Section2.1(a) or 2.1(b) that provide additional utility describedby any one, or more than one, of the following:1. A refrigerated storage compartment with or withoutprovisions for making ice.2. A means for the heating of potable water.3

27、. A connection that may be used to supply cooledwater to a remote dispensing means.2.2 This standard does not apply toa. water coolers intended for use on central circulating-type systems orb. water coolers employing remote-type condensing units.2.3 This standard does nota. provide methods for field

28、 or production testing orb. establish criteria for evaluation of equipment withrespect to safety, health hazards, durability, adverseoperating conditions, or other factors involved in fieldapplications.3. DEFINITIONSbottle-type water cooler: a water cooler that employs a bottleor reservoir for stori

29、ng the supply of water to be cooled;utilizes a faucet or similar means for filling glasses, cups, orother containers; and includes a waste-water partment-type water cooler: a water cooler that, in addi-tion to the primary function of cooling and dispensing potablewater, includes a refrigerated compa

30、rtment with or withoutprovisions for making ice.faucet-type pressure water cooler: a pressure water coolerthat utilizes a faucet or other suitable means for filling glasses,cups, or other containers.fountain-type pressure water cooler: a water cooler thatutilizes a valve to control the flow of water

31、 as a projectedstream from a nozzle so that the water may be consumed with-out utilizing glasses or cups.hot-and-cold-type water cooler: a pressure water cooler that,in addition to the primary function of cooling and dispensingpotable water, includes means for heating and dispensingpotable water.pre

32、cooler: a device for transferring heat from the incomingpotable water to the spill.pressure water cooler: a water cooler that is supplied withpotable water under pressure and that usually includes a meansfor catching waste water and for conducting such waste to asuitable disposal means.remote-type w

33、ater cooler: a water cooler that has the primaryfunction of cooling potable water for delivery to remotelyinstalled dispensing means; such remotely installed dispens-ing means are not considered part of the water cooler.self-contained, mechanically refrigerated drinking-watercooler: a factory-made a

34、ssembly in one structure that includesa complete mechanical refrigerating system and that has theprimary function of cooling potable water and also providesfor dispensing such water, by either integral or remote meansor both. In the succeeding sections of this standard, the termwater shall mean such

35、 a self-contained, mechanically refrig-erated drinking-water cooler.shall: designates a requirement.should: designates a recommendation.spill: the unconsumed portion of the projected stream ofcooled water from the nozzle of a fountain-type pressure watercooler that is caught by the collection means

36、and dischargedthrough a heat-transferring device to a suitable externaldisposal means. ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAEs prior written permission.ANSI/ASHRAE Standard

37、 18-2008 (RA 2013) 3stream splitter: a test device utilized to establish thepercent spill.water cooler: see self-contained, mechanically refriger-ated drinking-water cooler.4. INSTRUMENTATION AND APPARATUS4.1 Temperature-Measuring Instruments. Tempera-ture-measuring instruments shall be in accordanc

38、e withSections 4.1.1 through 4.1.3. For additional information ontemperature-measuring instruments, refer to ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 41.1.14.1.1 Types. Temperature measurements shall be madewith instruments of any type having the following accura-cies at the temperatures of use:a. All water temperature

39、s 0.2F (0.1C).b. All air temperatures 0.2F (0.1C).4.1.2 Scales. In no case shall the smallest scale divisionof the temperature-measuring instrument exceed twice thespecified accuracy.4.1.3 Calibration. All temperature-measuring instru-ments shall be calibrated by comparison with a certifiedstandard

40、in their ranges of use or shall themselves be cer-tified as to accuracy.4.2 Temperature Measurements. Temperatures shall bemeasured in accordance with Sections 4.2.1 through 4.2.4.For additional information on temperature measurements,refer to ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 41.1.14.2.1 General. Temperature of

41、 water within conduitsshall be measured by inserting the temperature-sensingelement directly within the water stream or within a wellthat is inserted into the stream. Glass thermometers shallnot be inserted directly into the water stream when thepressure within the conduit is great enough to affect

42、thethermometer reading. The thermometer well and all pipingbetween it and the water-cooler enclosure shall be wellinsulated.4.2.2 Water Inlet and Outlet Temperatures. Watertemperature measurements shall be taken as close as pos-sible to the water inlet and outlet connections but notwithin the water-

43、cooler enclosure. It is permissible toreplace the water-dispensing means by a test device forcontrolling flow, measuring temperature, or establishingspill.4.2.2.1 Pressure Water Coolers. On pressure watercoolers, the thermometer well or temperature-sensing ele-ment measuring outlet water temperature

44、 shall be placedbetween the cooled water outlet connection and the streamsplitter or other test device. Likewise, if a test device forcontrolling flow is installed in the inlet line to the watercooler, the thermometer well or temperature-sensing ele-ment measuring inlet water temperature shall be pl

45、acedbetween such test device and the water-cooler inlet connec-tion.4.2.2.2 Bottle-Type Water Coolers. For bottle-typewater coolers, when tested by the intermittent-drawmethod, the temperature of each increment of outlet waterwithdrawn shall be determined by a temperature-sensingelement immersed dur

46、ing the period of draw and read at thecompletion of the draw.4.2.3 Ambient Temperatures4.2.3.1 Ambient dry-bulb temperatures shall be mea-sured at four locations, two at the 5 ft (1.5 m) level and twoat the 2 ft (0.6 m) level within that portion of the con-trolled-temperature space that is intended

47、for human occu-pancy. The placement and shielding of the temperature-sensing elements shall be such as to avoid erroneous indi-cations that might be caused by adjacent heating or coolingdevices, including the water cooler itself. Ambient airmovement created by any source external to the testunit sha

48、ll not exceed 50 fpm (0.3 m/s) and shall not bedirected so as to affect appreciably the normal airflowthrough the test unit.4.2.3.2 The difference between the maximum andminimum temperatures, taken simultaneously, shall notexceed 2F (1.1C).4.2.3.3 The variation in the average of the four tem-peratur

49、es shall not exceed 1F (0.6C) during the periodof test.4.2.3.4 When controlled psychrometric conditionsare required by an appropriate performance standard, thevariation in the dew-point temperature, as determined fromthe average dry-bulb and wet-bulb temperatures, shall notexceed 1F (0.6C) during the period of test.4.2.4 Refrigerated-Compartment Temperature. Theaverage temperature in the refrigerated compartment ofcompartment-type water coolers shall be the average ofthree simultaneous compartment temperatures measured inaccordance wi