ARMY MIL-STD-1275 E-2013 CHARACTERISTICS OF 28 VOLT DC INPUT POWER TO UTILIZATION EQUIPMENT IN MILITARY VEHICLES.pdf

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1、 AMSC N/A FSC 2920 DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. METRIC MIL-STD-1275E 22 MARCH 2013 SUPERSEDING MIL-STD-1275D 29 August 2006 DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE INTERFACE STANDARD CHARACTERISTICS OF 28 VOLT DC INPUT POWER TO UTILIZATION EQUIPMENT IN MILITARY VEH

2、ICLES Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-STD-1275E ii FOREWORD 1. This standard is approved for use by all departments and agencies of the Department of Defense (DOD). 2. The intent of this document is to describe the nominal 28 VDC

3、voltage characteristics, common across military ground vehicles, at the input power terminal of the utilizing electrical and electronic assemblies directly connected to the distribution network. This lays the groundwork for commonality across vehicle platforms. The vehicles design authority is respo

4、nsible to ensure that the 28 VDC delivered to the input power terminal of the utilization equipment meets these requirements. 3. This is neither a power source nor a power system standard. This standard focuses on utilization equipment and the conditions under which it is expected to operate. 4. Com

5、ments, suggestions, or questions on this document should be addressed to U.S. Army Tank automotive and Armaments Command, ATTN: RDTA-EN/STND/TRANS, MS# 268, 6501 E. 11 Mile Road, Warren, MI 48397 5000 or emailed to usarmy.detroit.rdecom.mbx.tardec-standardizationmail.mil. Since contact information c

6、an change, you may want to verify the currency of this address information using the ASSIST Online database at https:/assist.dla.mil. Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-STD-1275E iii Table of Contents 1 SCOPE . 1 1.1 Scope. . 1 2 APP

7、LICABLE DOCUMENTS . 1 2.1 General. 1 2.2 Government documents 1 2.2.1 Specifications, standards, and handbooks. . 1 2.3 Non-Government documents. 1 2.4 Order of precedence. 2 3 DEFINITIONS . 2 3.1 Utilization equipment. 2 3.2 Equipment under test. . 2 3.3 Operations. . 2 3.3.1 Starting operation. 2

8、3.3.2 Normal operation. 2 3.4 Operational voltage range. . 2 3.5 Transient waveform characteristics. . 2 3.5.1 Rise time. . 2 3.5.2 Fall time. 3 3.5.3 Recovery time. . 3 3.5.4 Ripple. 3 3.6 Types of transient waveforms. . 3 3.6.1 Starting disturbance. 3 3.6.2 Voltage spike. 4 3.6.3 Voltage surge. 5

9、3.6.4 Intermittent contact. . 6 3.7 Reverse polarity 6 4 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS . 6 4.1 Reverse polarity 6 4.2 Electromagnetic compatibility. 7 4.3 Electrostatic discharge 7 5 DETAILED REQUIREMENTS 7 5.1 Voltage compatibility requirements. 7 5.1.1 Steady state operation. . 7 5.1.2 Starting operation.

10、7 5.1.3 Transient disturbances. 8 5.2 Voltage compatibility verification setup. . 9 5.2.1 Environmental conditions. . 9 5.2.2 Calibration of test equipment. 10 5.2.3 Nominal voltage. 10 5.2.4 Measurement tolerance. . 10 5.2.5 Measurement reference point. 11 5.2.6 Power return. 11 5.2.7 Loads. . 11 P

11、rovided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-STD-1275E iv 5.2.8 Power supply. . 11 5.3 Voltage compatibility verification method. . 11 5.3.1 Steady state operation. . 11 5.3.2 Starting operation. 12 5.3.3 Transient disturbances. 12 5.3.4 Revers

12、e polarity. 15 5.3.5 Electromagnetic compatibility. 15 5.3.6 Electrostatic discharge. 15 6 NOTES . 15 6.1 Intended use 15 6.2 Acronyms. 15 6.3 International interest. 16 6.4 Changes from previous issue 16 6.5 Subject term (key word) listing. . 16 Table of Figures Figure 1. Recovery time. 3 Figure 2.

13、 Sample starting disturbance waveform. . 4 Figure 3. Voltage spike. . 4 Figure 4. Sample alternator load dump waveform. 5 Figure 5. Sample intermittent contact waveform. 6 Figure 6. Starting disturbance limits on 28VDC systems. . 8 Figure 7. Envelope of spikes for 28VDC systems. 9 Figure 8. Envelope

14、 of surges for 28VDC systems. 10 Figure 9. Sample test setup for immunity to injected voltage spikes. . 12 Figure 10. Sample test setup for exported voltage spikes and surges. . 13 Figure 11. Sample test circuit for immunity to injected voltage surges. . 14 Table of Tables Table I. Positive voltage

15、surge test parameters. . 14 Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-STD-1275E 1 1 SCOPE 1.1 Scope. This standard defines the operating voltage limits and transient voltage characteristics of the 28 VDC electrical power at the input power

16、terminals to the utilization equipment connected to the electrical power distribution system on military ground vehicle platforms. 2 APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS 2.1 General. The documents listed in this section are cited in sections 3, 4 and 5 of this document. This section does not include documents cited

17、 in other sections of this standard or recommended for additional information or as examples. While every effort has been made to ensure the completeness of this list, the users of this standard are cautioned that they must meet all requirements of documents cited in sections 3, 4 and 5 of this stan

18、dard, whether or not they are listed in this section. 2.2 Government documents. 2.2.1 Specifications, standards, and handbooks. The following specifications, standards, and handbooks form a part of this document to the extent specified herein. Unless otherwise specified, the issues of these document

19、s are those cited in the solicitation or contract. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE MIL-STD-461 - Requirements for the Control of Electromagnetic Interference Characteristics of Subsystems and Equipment (Copies of these documents are available from https:/assist.dla.mil/quicksearch/ or from the Standardization

20、 Document Order Desk, 700 Robbins Avenue, Building 4D, Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094.) 2.3 Non-Government documents. The following documents form a part of this document to the extent specified herein. Unless otherwise specified, the issues of documents are those cited in the solicitation or contract.

21、 SAE INTERNATIONAL SAE J1113-42 - Electromagnetic CompatibilityComponent Test ProcedurePart 42Conducted Transient Emissions (Copies of these documents are available from www.sae.org or SAE Customer Service, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001.) Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduct

22、ion or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-STD-1275E 2 2.4 Order of precedence. In the event of a conflict between the text of this document and the references cited herein, the text of this document takes precedence. Nothing in this document, however, supersedes applicable laws an

23、d regulations unless a specific exemption is obtained in writing from the applicable authority. 3 DEFINITIONS 3.1 Utilization equipment. Utilization equipment is defined as the electronic device, equipment, or system subjected to the voltage range(s) indicated in this specification. 3.2 Equipment un

24、der test. The Equipment Under Test (EUT) is defined as the electronic device, equipment, or system undergoing validation and/or verification testing or evaluation. 3.3 Operations. 3.3.1 Starting operation. Electrical power during an engine starting event is sufficient for utilization equipment to pr

25、ovide the level of performance specified in the utilization equipments detailed specification. 3.3.2 Normal operation. Electrical power is sufficient for utilization equipment to provide the level of performance specified in the utilization equipments detailed specification. 3.4 Operational voltage

26、range. Voltage characteristics representative of the nominal operating voltage within a pre-defined tolerance or limit. Some variation in voltage is reasonable and expected; however, this variation remains within pre-defined limits of operation. 3.5 Transient waveform characteristics. A transient wa

27、veform represents a time-varying electrical signal defined by characteristics such as rise/fall time, period, frequency of oscillation, pulse width, etc. Transients typically exceed pre-defined steady-state limits, return to and remain within the steady-state limits within a specified time. The tran

28、sient may have positive or negative polarity and/or be of short or long duration. Transient voltage levels may also exceed the system battery voltage by several hundred volts depending on the source of the transient. 3.5.1 Rise time. The rise time is the difference between when the rising edge of a

29、voltage or current transient crosses a pre-defined low threshold to when the transient crosses a pre-defined high threshold. As defined in this standard, the low threshold is defined to be the time at when the amplitude of the rising edge is equal to ten percent (10%) of the maximum value of the tra

30、nsient. The high Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-STD-1275E 3 threshold is defined to be the time when the amplitude is equal to ninety percent (90%) of the maximum value of the transient. 3.5.2 Fall time. The fall time is the diff

31、erence between when the falling edge of a voltage or current transient crosses a pre-defined high threshold to when the transient crosses a pre-defined low threshold. As defined in this standard, the high threshold is defined to be the time at when the amplitude of the falling edge is equal to ninet

32、y percent (90%) of the maximum value of the transient. The low threshold is defined to be the time when the amplitude is equal to ten percent (10%) of the maximum value of the transient. 3.5.3 Recovery time. The interval between the time a characteristic deviates from the steady-state limits and the

33、 time it returns and remains within the same range. Refer to Figure 1. Figure 1. Recovery time. 3.5.4 Ripple. The regular and/or irregular variations of voltage about a fixed DC voltage level during normal operation of a DC system. 3.6 Types of transient waveforms. There are several different types

34、of transient waveforms associated with the vehicles power supply system. 3.6.1 Starting disturbance. A starting disturbance is the variation in system voltage from the normal operating voltage range caused by the initial engagement of the engine starter and subsequent engine cranking. The duration o

35、f the Initial Engagement Surge (IES) is measured from the time at which it departs from the normal operating voltage to the time at which it reaches and remains at the cranking Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-STD-1275E 4 voltage.

36、An example showing “Initial Engagement Surge” (IES) and “Cranking”; i.e., voltage level during active engine cranking is shown in Figure 2. Figure 2. Sample starting disturbance waveform. 3.6.2 Voltage spike. A voltage spike is an energy-limited transient waveform having a duration less than or equa

37、l to 1 ms. These typically result from the interaction of the power delivery system wiring and switching of reactive loads or a mismatch in impedance between the wiring harness and equipment. Figure 3 shows an example of a spike waveform. Figure 3. Voltage spike. Vp e a ktd u r a t i o nT i m efo s

38、c0 . 1 Vp e a k0 . 9 Vp e a k0 V D Ctr i s eProvided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-STD-1275E 5 3.6.3 Voltage surge. A surge is a transient waveform having a duration greater than 1 ms and a specific wave shape, typically a rising/falling

39、 edge and a slow exponential decay for the falling edge. Surges result from the switching of reactive loads containing a significant level of stored energy or sudden disconnection of a constant load. Surges may also occur due to the application of high-demand loads. 3.6.3.1 Positive voltage surge. A

40、 positive voltage surge is a positive-going transient, which exceeds the nominal supplied voltage. This may occur when a high current or inductive load is suddenly disconnected. The most common occurrence of a positive voltage surge, or “alternator load dump,” occurs when the alternator is working t

41、o charge a partially or fully discharged set of batteries and the connection to the battery positive terminal is suddenly disconnected. The alternator cannot immediately decrease its output to compensate for the sudden loss of load so the energy delivered during this settling period is distributed t

42、o the vehicles electrical system. A positive surge (VPEAK) with a short rise time (tRISE) and long exponential decay is generated above the nominal battery voltage of the system (VNOM) and last for a given time (tWIDTH). Figure 4 shows an example of an alternator load dump waveform. Figure 4. Sample

43、 alternator load dump waveform. 3.6.3.2 Negative voltage surge. This event is similar to an alternator load dump as specified in Section 3.6.3.1 except it represents the negative-going transient generated when a sudden load is placed on the alternator. The alternator cannot immediately change its ou

44、tput so the system voltage decreases until the alternator can compensate for the sudden increase in load. Time Volts 0 VNOM VPEAK V10% V90% tRISE tWIDTH Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-STD-1275E 6 3.6.4 Intermittent contact. Inter

45、mittent contact occurs when electrical contacts in a switch or relay change state. A common way of describing intermittent contacts is the use of the terms “contact bounce” or “chattering relay.” Mechanical vibration may also affect the operation of mechanical contacts and cause this to occur. The s

46、ettling period and pulse widths associated may vary depending on the construction of the contacts. Figure 5 shows an example of an intermittent contact waveform. Figure 5. Sample intermittent contact waveform. Intermittent contact may affect operation of equipment in one of two ways. First, equipmen

47、t power feed(s) controlled by the relay/switch may be directly affected with resets, dropouts, etc. Second, the electrical noise generated by the intermittent contact on a directly connected wire may be coupled to nearby wires in the wiring harness through electric/magnetic field coupling. 3.7 Rever

48、se polarity. Reverse polarity is defined as the inverted connection of the EUTs power terminal(s) to the vehicles power system. The positive (+) terminal of the EUT is connected to the negative (-) or “ground” terminal of the vehicles power supply system. The negative (-) terminal of the EUT is conn

49、ected to the positive (+) terminal of the vehicles power supply system. 4 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS 4.1 Reverse polarity. Utilization equipment shall protect itself against damage due to input power with reverse polarity. With reverse polarity voltage applied to the input power terminals of the utilization equipment, the mag