ANSI Z356.5-1998 Art and Craft Materials - Paints and Inks《工艺美术材料.涂料和油墨》.pdf

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1、for Art Paints and and Craft Inks Materials 1 ANSI Z356.5 1998- ANSI American National Standards Institute 1 11 West 42nd Street New York, NY 10036 American National Approval of an American National Standard requiresverification by ANSI that the requirements for due process, consensus, and other cri

2、teria for approval have been met by the standards developer. Standard Consensus is established when, in the judgement of the ANSI Board of Standards Review, substantial agreement has been reached by directly and materially affected interests. Substantial agreement means much more than a simple major

3、ity, but not necessarily unanimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered, and that a concerted effort be made toward their resolution. The use of American National Standards is completely voluntary; their existence does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether he has app

4、roved the standards or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not conforming to the standards. The American National Standards Institute does not develop standards and will in no circumstances give an interpretation of any American National Standa

5、rd. Moreover, no person shall have the right or authority to issue an interpretation of an American National Standard in the name of the American National Standards Institute. Requests for interpretations should be addressed to the secretariat or sponsor whose name appears on the title page of this

6、standard. CAUTION NOTICE: This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. The procedures of the American National Standards Institute require that action be taken periodically to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this standard. Purchasers of American National Standards may recei

7、ve current information on all standards by calling or writing the American National Stan- dards Institute. Published by American National Standards Institute 11 West 42nd Street, New York, NY 10036 Copyright 0 1998 by American National Standards Institute All rights reserved. No part of this publica

8、tion may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without prior written permission of the publisher. Printed in the United States of America. Contents Foreword . I Purposeand Scope 1 . 1 Purpose 1.2 Scope . . 2 Referenced Publications 3 Requirements 3.1 Material . 3

9、.4 Toxicity . 3.5 Coarse Particle Content 3.6 Characteristics and Working Properties 3.2 Color . 3.3 Preservatives 3.7 Packaging . 4 Inspection and Test Procedures . 4.1 General . 4.3 Coarse Particle Content 4.2 Preservative 4.4 Performance . Table 1 -Size of Pans Appendix Color Page ii 1 1 1 1 1-2

10、2 2 2 2 2-3 3-4 4 4 4 4 4-5 3 6 I Foreword (This forward is not part of American National Standard 2356.5 - 1998.) The American National Standard for Art and Craft Materials - Paints and Inks, ANSI 2356.5 - 1998, was initiated by the Art and Creative Materials Institute, Inc. as a revision to ANSI 2

11、356.5 - 1985. ANSI 2356.5 - 1985 was initiated to replace portions of NBS Voluntary Product Standard PS 65-75 and ANSI 2297.1 - 1975. Since the National Bureau of Standards has withdrawn its Voluntary Product Standards, ANSI Canvass Method procedures were followed. This standard was revised to provi

12、de for the inclusion of liquid watercolor paints and dry pan watercolor paints. The initial draft, prepared by The Art and Craft Materials Institute, Inc. and now called The Art and Creative Materials Institute, Inc., was reviewed and revised by the Institutes Technical and Certification Committees.

13、 The Technical Committee is comprised of the technical directors of member companies and the Certification Committee of representatives of subscribers to the Institutes Certified Products Bureau and four representatives each of the National Art Education Association, the Association of School Busine

14、ss Officials, and Artists Equity Association. The text was also reviewed by the Institutes consultant in toxicology. Suggestions for improving the draft were incorporated in the standard and submitted for review under the ANSI Canvass Method. Suggestions for improvement of this standard will be welc

15、ome. They should be sent to The Art and Creative Materials Institute, 100 Boylston Street, Suite 1050, Boston, MA 021 16. The following organizations and others recognized as having a potential interest in the development of a standard for paints and inks were contacted prior to the approval of this

16、 standard. Inclusion on this list does not necessarily imply that the organization concurred with the submittal of the proposed standard to ANSI. Arts, Crafts, (2) Specific chemical form, bioavailability, levels, and amount of each potentially toxic ingredient found in the formulation; (3) Physical

17、form and reasonably foresee- able uses and misuses of the art material; (4) Potential for known synergism and an- tagonism of the various ingredients in the formulation; (5) Potential acute and chronic toxiceffects of any known decomposition products from any reasonablyforeseeable use of the art mat

18、erial including reasonably foreseeable use by chil- dren; (6) Potential for any ingredient to cause aller- gic sensitization at its use level, or, if the ingredient is a common sensitizer, its poten- tial to cause an allergic reaction in an already- sensitized individual. (7) Opinions of various reg

19、ulatory agencies and scientific bodies including but not limited to those of the International Agency for Re- search on Cancer and the National Cancer Institute on the potential for chronic adverse health effects of the various ingredients of the formulation. 3.5 Coarse Particle Content. The coarse

20、particle content of the product retained on a 3- inch No. 325 (45-micrometer) sieve shall be no more than 0.5 percent when tested in accor- dance with4.3. This requirement shall pertain to all products except watercolor crayons and markers, semi-moist and dry pan watercolors, and cake tempera. 3.6 C

21、haracteristics and Working Proper- ties. The colors of each type of paint and of each type of ink will readily intermix with their counter- parts to produce additional colors. The products shall show no visual signs of chipping, peeling, or cracking when tested in accordance with 4.4. 3.6.1 Finger c

22、ording Liquid Finger Paint and Powder Paint. When mixed with water ac- to manufacturers directions on the ANSI 2356.5 - 1998 container, the paint shall have a smooth, creamy consistency. 3.6.2 Liquid, Powder, and Cake Tempera. The temperas will brush easily, adhering evenly to 80-pound white drawing

23、 paper and will dry to an opaque matte finish within a reasonable amount of time (Le., 2 to 4 hours) with resis- tance from cracking from paper after drying. matte finish. The ink shall be of such consis- tency that it is neithertoo liquid nor too tacky to adhere evenly on the brayer and be disperse

24、d evenly on the plate. Table 1 Size of Pans Approximate Inside Dimensions 3.6.3 Acrylic Paint, Permanent. The paint Length Width Depth will brush easily, adhering evenly to acrylic ae (inch) gesso primed canvas or BO-pound white draw- Half pans 314 911 6 1 I4 ing paper and shall dry to an appropriat

25、e finish Full pans 1-118 314 1 I4 hours) with resistance from cracking from the equivalent to that held by the half canvas after drying. within a reasonable amount Of time (ie, to Or oval or round pans containing a volume of 3.6.4 Acrylic Paint, Washable. The paint will apply easily in thick or thin

26、 layers with brush or palette knife and shall dry to an appropriate finish. 3.6.5 Liquid, Semi-moist and Dry Pan Watercolors. The watercolors will brush eas- ily, adhering evenly to 80-pound white drawing paper with a wet brush and/or by mixing with water. The watercolors shall dry to an appro- pria

27、te finish within a reasonable amount of time (i.e., 4 to 8 hours) with resistance from cracking from the paper after drying. 3.6.6 Watercolor Crayons. When used as crayons, they shall provide a mark of even color. When applied with moderate pressure, there shall be no scratching and little color str

28、eaking. Transparentwatercoloreffectsshall be obtained by brushing with a water-soaked brush over the crayon marks. 3.6.7 Watercolor Markers. The markers shall provide a uniform flow of vivid color adaptablefor usein lettering, designing, sketch- ing, and drawing. 3.7 Packaging. Except for semi-moist

29、 and dry pan watercolors, cake tempera, and watercolor markers, each container of paint or ink will bear the name of the color it holds. Each container of 3/4 ounce or more of product shall be plainly marked with brand name, company name, and net weight, unless part of a set in which the information

30、 is printed on the outer container. Powder tempera and powder finger paint con- tainers shall also bear instructions for mixing the contents. 3.7.1 Finger Paint. The paint will be packed in plastic or other suitable containers with resealable closures where necessary. 3.7.2 Powder Finger Paint. The

31、paint will be packaged in containers with resealable closures. 3.7.3 Liquid Tempera, Acrylic Paint and Liquid Watercolors. The paint will be pack- aged in suitable plastic or glass containers, plastic or metal tubes, cartridges with resealable closures, or other suitable con- tainers with resealable

32、 closures where neces- sary. 3 ANSI 2356.5 - 1998 3.7.5 Cake Tempera. The paint will be supplied in hinged boxes or plastic palettes and in plastic refills or in other suitable containers. 3.7.6 Semi-Moist Watercolors. The paints will be packaged in pans or cavities. If in pans, the pans shall be in

33、dividually removable from their containers. If in cavities in plastic strips, the cavities shall be of a size to accommodate refill pans, and the strips shall be removable from their containers. Colors other than refills shall be packaged in boxes with lids. Refills shall be packaged in pans or in p

34、lastic strips. 3.7.7 Dry Pan Watercolors. The paints will be packaged in pans or cavities. If in pans, the pans shall be individually removable from their containers. If in cavities in plastic strips, the cavities shall be of a size to accommodate refill pans, and the strips shall be removable from

35、their containers. Colors other than refills shall be packaged in boxes with lids. Refills shall be packaged in pans or in plastic strips. 3.7.8 Watercolor Crayons. Each stick will carry a protective covering for clean handling. They may be packed 8 or 12 sticks to a metal or lift lid box, or other a

36、ppropriate container, 3.7.9 Watercolor Markers. The markers will be furnished in packaged color assortments or solid colors. Watercolor markers will be supplied in plastic or metal barrels. 3.7.10 Water-Dispersible Block Printing Ink. The ink will be packaged in metal or plastic tubes or other suita

37、ble containers with resealable closures. 4 Inspection and Test Procedures 4.1 General. The inspection and test proce- dures contained in this section are to be used to determine the conformance of products to the requirements of this standard. Each pro- ducer or distributor who represents his prod-

38、ucts as conforming to this standard may use statistically based sampling plans that are appropriate for each particular manufacturing process but shall keep such essential records as are necessary to document with a high degree of assurance the claim that all of the requirements of this standard hav

39、e been met. Additional sampling and testing of the product, as may be agreed upon between purchaser and seller, is not precluded by this section. 4.2 Preservative. The effectiveness of paint and ink preservatives should be tested as follows. Cover several pieces of bread with a sugar and water solut

40、ion containing five per- cent sugar by weight and allow time to stand exposed for 24 hours. Cover them and allow them to stand at room temperature until a substantial area is moldy. (This will require approximately a week to ten days.) Select two moldy pieces, each approximately 1/4 inch in diameter

41、 from the bread and push them lightly into the surface of the material being tested. Make sure there is good wet contact but do not submerge the mold in the product. Cover the test sample so as to avoid excessive evapora- tion and to provide subdued lighting. Allowthie sample to remain in this state

42、 for two weeks at room temperature and then inspect the sample for decomposition, scum and mold growth. 4.3 Coarse Particle Content. The coarse particle content shall be determined in accor- dance with Section 8, “Procedure for Water- Soluble Pigments, Pastes in Oil, Pastes, in Japan, and Mixed Pain

43、ts,“ in ASTM Dl 85-84, the exception being that watershall be substi- tuted for kerosene as a flushing vehicle or solvent. 4.4 Performance. Using paintouts prepared as specified in (1) through (13), place the specimens in a controlled atmosphere of 73 OF +- 3F and relative humidity of 50% k 5%. Afte

44、r 14 days, inspect the specimens for com- pliance with 3.6. All paintouts shall be completely dry before testing. Where drawing paper is specified, 4 ANSI 2356.5 - 1998 white textured, 80-pound drawing paper shall be used. Unless otherwise indicated, an area of at least 20 square inches shall be cov

45、ered using a soft bristled brush. Paintouts shall be prepared as follows: (1) Liquid finger paint. Spread the finger paint by hand on wet finger paint paper. (2) Powder finger paint. After mixing the powder finger paint with water according to manufacturers directions on the container, spread the fi

46、nger paint by hand on wet finger paint paper. (3) Liquid tempera. Mix liquid tempera thor- oughly to ensure uniformity. Paint out on drawing paper. (4) Acrylic paint, permanent. Mix paint thor- oughly to ensure uniformity. Paint out on prepared canvas or drawing paper as indi- cated in 3.6.3. (5) Ac

47、rylic paint, washable. Use drawing paper. Apply paint to half the area with a bristle brush and to the other half with a palette knife, covering some of the area to a depth of 1/32 of an inch. (6) Powder tempera. For test purposes, mix one part tempera to one part water (by weight) and stir thorough

48、ly to ensure unifor- mity. Paint out on drawing paper. (7) Cake tempera. Using a wet brush, brush over the cake tempera until a sufficient amount of color is picked up. Spread paint on drawing paper. (8) Semi-moist watercolors. Using a wet brush, brush over the paint until a sufficient amount of pai

49、nt is picked up. Spread paint on drawing paper. (9) Dry pan watercolors. Using a wet brush, brush overthe paint until a sufficient amount of paint is picked up. Spread paint on draw- ing paper. (1 0) Liquid watercolors. Mix liquid watercol- ors in jars thoroughly to ensure uniformity. Paint out on drawing paper. (1 1) Watercolor crayons. Color an area 1 inch by 2 inches on white drawing paper using uniform pressure. Completely brush the area covered by the crayon markings with a clean, water-soaked brush. (12) Watercolor markers. Apply ink, using the widest contact area of the nib.