ANSI TIA EIA 455-28-C-1999 Method for Measuring Dynamic Tensile Strength of Optical Fibers《光纤动态拉伸强度测量方法》.pdf

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1、 TIASTANDARDFOTP-28 Measuring Dynamic Strength andFatigue Parameters of OpticalFibers by TensionTIA-455-28-C(Revision of EIA/TIA-455-28-B)March 1999TELECOMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY ASSOCIATRepresenting the telecommunications industry inassociation with the Electronic Industries Alliance ANSI/TIA/EIA-455-

2、28-C-1999Approved: March 26, 1999Reaffirmed: May 10, 2005 Copyright Telecommunications Industry Association Provided by IHS under license with EIANot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-NOTICE TIA Engineering Standards and Publications are designed to serve

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6、e Standard or Publication. This Standard does not purport to address all safety problems associated with its use or all applicable regulatory requirements. It is the responsibility of the user of this Standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of

7、 regulatory limitations before its use. (From Standards Proposal No. 3-4123-RF1, formulated under the cognizance of the TIA FO-4.2 Subcommittee on Optical Fibers and Cables). Published by TELECOMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION Standards and Technology Department 2500 Wilson Boulevard Arlington, VA

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20、Y OR OTHERWISE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. THE FOREGOING NEGATION OF DAMAGES IS A FUNDAMENTAL ELEMENT OF THE USE OF THE CONTENTS HEREOF, AND THESE CONTENTS WOULD NOT BE PUBLISHED BY TIA WITHOUT SUCH LIMITATIONS. Copyright Telecommunications Industry Association Provided by I

21、HS under license with EIANot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-TIA-455-28-CiFOTP-28Measuring dynamic strength and fatigue parametersof optical fibers by tensionCONTENTSNumber Title PageContents iForeword - iiiSection 1 Introduction - 1Section 2 Normative

22、references - 3Section 3 Apparatus - 3Section 4 Sampling and specimens - 6Section 5 Procedure - 9Section 6 Calculations and interpretation of results - 12Section 7 Documentation - 15Annex A Typical dynamic testing apparatus - 16Annex B Guideline on gripping the fiber - 18Annex C Guideline on stress r

23、ate - 23Annex D Comparison of this method with IEC and ITUrequirements - 25Copyright Telecommunications Industry Association Provided by IHS under license with EIANot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-TIA-455-28-CiiThis page left blank.Copyright Telecommu

24、nications Industry Association Provided by IHS under license with EIANot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-TIA-455-28-CiiiFOTP-28Measuring dynamic strength and fatigue parametersof optical fibers by tensionForeword(This foreword is informative and is not

25、a part of this standard.)This document comes from TIA Project No. 2210B, and was formulated under the cognizanceof TIA FO-6.6 Subcommittee on Optical Fibers and Cables, and TIA FO-6.6.8, Working Groupon Optical Fiber Reliability.This document combines and is intended to replace the existing FOTPs TI

26、A/EIA-455-28B,Method for Measuring Dynamic Tensile Strength of Optical Fiber (October 1991), and TIA/EIA-455-76, Method for Measuring Dynamic Fatigue of Optical Fibers by Tension (May 1993).There are four informative annexes.Key words: strength, fatigue, failure stress, stress corrosion parameter, W

27、eibull distribution.Copyright Telecommunications Industry Association Provided by IHS under license with EIANot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-TIA-455-28-CivThis page left blank.Copyright Telecommunications Industry Association Provided by IHS under li

28、cense with EIANot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-TIA-455-28-C1FOTP-28Measuring dynamic strength and fatigue parametersof optical fibers by tension1 Introduction1.1 IntentThis method tests individual lengths of uncabled and unbundled glass optical fiber

29、. It breakssections of fiber with controlled increasing stress that is uniform over the entire fiber length andcross section. The stress is increased at a nominally constant rate until breakage occurs. Thedistribution of failure stress values can be used to measure some reliability parameters.Change

30、s in the failure stress distribution that occur by changing stress rate can be used tomeasure the stress corrosion parameter n . For Weibull distributions, procedures are given todetermine the Weibull dynamic shape parameter mdand scaling parameter S0. Somedistributions are not Weibull, such as bimo

31、dal Weibull distributions, but can be related toWeibull.1.2 ScopeFailure stress distributions can be used to predict fiber reliability at a variety of alternativeconditions. TSB-61 shows mathematically how this can be done. To complete a givenreliability projection, the tests used to characterize a

32、distribution must be controlled for thefollowing: Population of fiber, e.g., coating, manufacturing period, diameter Gage length, i.e., length of section that is tested Stress rates Testing environment Preconditioning or aging treatments Sample sizeThis method measures the strength and the stress co

33、rrosion parameters of optical fiber atspecified constant strain rates. It is a destructive test, and is not a substitute for prooftesting.This method is used for those typical optical fibers for which the median fracture stress isgreater than 3.1 GPa (450 kpsi) in 0.5 m gage lengths at the highest s

34、pecified strain rate of25 %/min. For fibers with lower median fracture stress, the conditions herein have notdemonstrated sufficient precision.Copyright Telecommunications Industry Association Provided by IHS under license with EIANot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license

35、 from IHS-,-,-TIA-455-28-C2This method tests the fatigue behavior of fibers by varying the strain rate. The test isapplicable to fibers and strain rates for which the relationship of log of failure stress vs. log ofstress rate is essentially linear. Other approaches are feasible for non-linear resul

36、ts.Typical testing is conducted on 0.5-m gage lengths with sample numbers ranging from 15to 30. The realm of probability that is characterized with a typical test does not approach thelevel needed for installed cable when failure rates as low as 10-5break/km are required. Toassess probabilities at t

37、his low level, use ITM-1. This FOTP is useful, however, in comparingthe effects of different environmental treatments, or to measure either strength or the stresscorrosion parameter.The test environment and any preconditioning or aging is critical to the outcome of this test.There is no agreed upon

38、model for extrapolating the results for one environment to anotherenvironment. For failure stress at a given stress rate, however, as the relative humidityincreases, failure stress decreases. Both increases and decreases in the measured stresscorrosion parameter and strength distribution parameters

39、have been observed as the result ofpreconditioning at elevated temperature and humidity for even a day or two.1.3 BackgroundThis test is based on the theory of fracture mechanics of brittle materials and on the power-lawdescription of flaw growth (see TSB-61). Although other theories have been descr

40、ibedelsewhere, the fracture mechanics/power-law theory is the most generally accepted.There are several other fatigue tests that are related to this test: Static fatigue in tension Dynamic fatigue in two-point bending Static fatigue in two-point bending Static fatigue in bendingWhile these tests the

41、oretically measure the same properties, differences between themeasured values have been observed.1.4 OtherA typical population consists of fiber that has not been deliberately damaged orenvironmentally aged. A typical fiber has a nominal diameter of 125 m, with a 250 m or lessnominal diameter acryl

42、ate coating. Default conditions are given for such typical populations.Atypical populations might include alternative coatings, environmentally aged fiber, ordeliberately damaged or abraded fiber. Guidance for atypical populations is also provided.Copyright Telecommunications Industry Association Pr

43、ovided by IHS under license with EIANot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-TIA-455-28-C31.5 HazardsThis test involves stretching sections of optical fiber until breakage occurs. Upon breakage,glass fragments can be distributed in the test area. Protective

44、screens are recommended.Safety glasses shall be worn at all times in the testing area.2 Normative referencesTest or inspection requirements may include, but are not limited to, the following references:EIA/TIA-455-A Standard Test Procedures for Fiber Optic Fibers, Cables,Transducers, Sensors, Connec

45、ting and TerminatingDevices, and other Fiber Optic ComponentsFOTP-161 (EIA/TIA-455-161) Procedure for Measuring High Temperature and HumidityAging Effects on Mechanical Characteristics of OpticalFibersFOTP-173 (EIA/TIA-455-173B) Coating Geometry Measurement for Optical Fiber Side-View MethodFOTP-176

46、 (EIA/TIA-455-176) Measurement Method for Optical Fiber Geometry byAutomated Grey-Scale AnalysisTSB-61 (TIA/EIA-61) Power-law theory of optical fiber reliabilityITM-1 (TSB-62-1) Characterization of large flaws in optical fibers by dynamictensile testing with censoring3 ApparatusThis section prescrib

47、es the fundamental requirements of the equipment used for dynamicstrength testing. There are many configurations that can meet these requirements. Someexamples are presented in Annex A. The choice of a specific configuration will depend onsuch factors as: gage length of a specimen stress rate range environmental conditions strength of the specimensCopyright Telec