ANSI INCITS ISO 19125-1-2004 Geographic information - Simple feature access - Part 1 Common architecture《地理信息.简单特征选取.第1部分 通用结构》.pdf

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1、INCITS/ISO 19125-1-2004 (ISO 19125-1:2004, IDT) Geographic information Simple feature access Part 1: Common architecture INCITS/ISO 19125-1-2004(ISO 19125-1:2004, IDT) Copyright American National Standards Institute Provided by IHS under license with ANSI Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking

2、permitted without license from IHS-,-,-INCITS/ISO 19125-1-2004ii PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed o

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5、inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. Adopted by INCITS (InterNational Committee for Information Technology Standards) as an American National Standard. Date of ANSI Approval: 11/3/2005 Published by American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, New York, New York 1

6、0036 Copyright 2005 by Information Technology Industry Council (ITI). All rights reserved. These materials are subject to copyright claims of International Standardization Organization (ISO), International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), American National Standards Institute (ANSI), and Informati

7、on Technology Industry Council (ITI). Not for resale. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, including an electronic retrieval system, without the prior written permission of ITI. All requests pertaining to this standard should be submitted to ITI, 1250 Eye Street NW, Washington,

8、 DC 20005. Printed in the United States of America Copyright American National Standards Institute Provided by IHS under license with ANSI Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ISO 19125-1:2004(E) ISO 2004 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword iv

9、Introduction . iv 1 Scope 1 2 Conformance . 1 3 Normative references . 1 4 Terms and definitions. 1 5 Abbreviated terms. 4 6 Architecture . 5 6.1 Geometry object model 5 6.2 Well-known Text Representation for Geometry. 21 6.3 Well-known Binary Representation for Geometry. 22 6.4 Well-known Text Repr

10、esentation of Spatial Reference Systems. 25 Annex A (informative) The correspondence of concepts of the common architecture with concepts of the geometry model of ISO 19107 28 Annex B (informative) Supported spatial reference data . 36 Bibliography . 42 Copyright American National Standards Institut

11、e Provided by IHS under license with ANSI Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ISO 19125-1:2004(E) iv ISO 2004 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (IS

12、O member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, gove

13、rnmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC

14、Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member

15、 bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 19125-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 211, Geographic inform

16、ation/Geomatics from a base document supplied by the Open GIS Consortium, Inc. ISO 19125 consists of the following parts, under the general title Geographic information Simple feature access: Part 1: Common architecture Part 2: SQL option This corrected version of ISO 19125-1:2004 incorporates the f

17、ollowing corrections: a complete version of Figure 9, which was truncated in the original; removal from the Foreword of the reference to ISO 19125-3, which has now been deleted. Copyright American National Standards Institute Provided by IHS under license with ANSI Not for ResaleNo reproduction or n

18、etworking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ISO 19125-1:2004(E) ISO 2004 All rights reserved vIntroduction This part of ISO 19125 describes the common architecture for simple feature geometry. The simple feature geometry object model is Distributed Computing Platform neutral and uses UML notati

19、on. The base Geometry class has subclasses for Point, Curve, Surface and GeometryCollection. Each geometric object is associated with a Spatial Reference System, which describes the coordinate space in which the geometric object is defined. The extended Geometry model has specialized 0, 1 and 2-dime

20、nsional collection classes named MultiPoint, MultiLineString and MultiPolygon for modelling geometries corresponding to collections of Points, LineStrings and Polygons, respectively. MultiCurve and MultiSurface are introduced as abstract superclasses that generalize the collection interfaces to hand

21、le Curves and Surfaces. The attributes, methods and assertions for each Geometry class are described in Figure 1 in 6.1.1. In describing methods, this is used to refer to the receiver of the method (the object being messaged). The SFA COM function “signatures” may use a different notation from SFA S

22、QL. COM notation is more familiar for COM programmers. However, UML notation is used throughout this part of ISO 19125. There may also be methods used in this International Standard that differ from one part to another. Where this is the case, the differences are shown within the part. This part of

23、ISO 19125 implements a profile of the spatial schema described in ISO 19107:2003, Geographic information Spatial schema. Annex A provides a detailed mapping of the schema in this part of ISO 19125 with the schema described in ISO 19107:2003. Copyright American National Standards Institute Provided b

24、y IHS under license with ANSI Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Copyright American National Standards Institute Provided by IHS under license with ANSI Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-AMERICAN NATIONA

25、L STANDARD INCITS/ISO 19125-1-2004 ISO 2004 All rights reserved 1Geographic information Simple feature access Part 1: Common architecture 1 Scope This part of ISO 19125 establishes a common architecture and defines terms to use within the architecture. This part of ISO 19125 does not attempt to stan

26、dardize and does not depend upon any part of the mechanism by which Types are added and maintained, including the following: a) syntax and functionality provided for defining types; b) syntax and functionality provided for defining functions; c) physical storage of type instances in the database; d)

27、 specific terminology used to refer to User Defined Types, for example UDT. This part of ISO 19125 does standardize names and geometric definitions for Types for Geometry. This part of ISO 19125 does not place any requirements on how to define the Geometry Types in the internal schema nor does it pl

28、ace any requirements on when or how or who defines the Geometry Types. 2 Conformance In order to conform to this part of ISO 19125, an implementation shall satisfy the requirements of one or more test suites specified in the other parts of ISO 19125. 3 Normative references The following referenced d

29、ocuments are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 19107:2003, Geographic information Spatial schema ISO 19111:2003, Geogr

30、aphic information Spatial referencing by coordinates 4 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 4.1 boundary set that represents the limit of an entity Copyright American National Standards Institute Provided by IHS under license with ANSI N

31、ot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ISO 19125-1:2004(E) 2 ISO 2004 All rights reservedNOTE Boundary is most commonly used in the context of geometry, where the set is a collection of points or a collection of objects that represent those points. In other

32、 arenas, the term is used metaphorically to describe the transition between an entity and the rest of its domain of discourse. ISO 19107 4.2 buffer geometric object (4.14) that contains all direct positions (4.7) whose distance from a specified geometric object is less than or equal to a given dista

33、nce ISO 19107 4.3 coordinate one of a sequence of n-numbers designating the position of a point (4.17) in n-dimensional space NOTE In a coordinate reference system, the numbers must be qualified by units. adapted from ISO 19111 4.4 coordinate dimension number of measurements or axes needed to descri

34、be a position in a coordinate system (4.6) ISO 19107 4.5 coordinate reference system coordinate system (4.6) that is related to the real world by a datum adapted from ISO 19111 4.6 coordinate system set of mathematical rules for specifying how coordinates (4.3) are to be assigned to point (4.17) ISO

35、 19111 4.7 curve 1-dimensional geometric primitive (4.15), representing the continuous image of a line NOTE The boundary of a curve is the set of points at either end of the curve. If the curve is a cycle, the two ends are identical, and the curve (if topologically closed) is considered to not have

36、a boundary. The first point is called the start point, and the last is the end point. Connectivity of the curve is guaranteed by the “continuous image of a line” clause. A topological theorem states that a continuous image of a connected set is connected. ISO 19107 4.7 direct position position descr

37、ibed by a single set of coordinates (4.3) within a coordinate reference system (4.5) ISO 19107 4.9 end point last point (4.17) of a curve (4.7) ISO 19107 Copyright American National Standards Institute Provided by IHS under license with ANSI Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted with

38、out license from IHS-,-,-ISO 19125-1:2004(E) ISO 2004 All rights reserved 34.10 exterior difference between the universe and the closure NOTE The concept of exterior is applicable to both topological and geometric complexes. ISO 19107 4.11 feature abstraction of real world phenomena NOTE A feature m

39、ay occur as a type or an instance. Feature type or feature instance is used when only one is meant. adapted from ISO 19101 4.12 feature attribute characteristic of a feature (4.11) NOTE A feature attribute has a name, a data type, and a value domain associated to it. A feature attribute for a featur

40、e instance also has an attribute value taken from the value domain. adapted from ISO 19101 4.13 geometric complex set of disjoint geometric primitives (4.15) where the boundary (4.1) of each geometric primitive can be represented as the union of other geometric primitives of smaller dimension within

41、 the same set NOTE The geometric primitives in the set are disjoint in the sense that no direct position is interior to more than one geometric primitive. The set is closed under boundary operations, meaning that for each element in the geometric complex, there is a collection (also a geometric comp

42、lex) of geometric primitives that represents the boundary of that element. Recall that the boundary of a point (the only 0D primitive object type in geometry) is empty. Thus, if the largest dimension geometric primitive is a solid (3D), the composition of the boundary operator in this definition ter

43、minates after at most 3 steps. It is also the case that the boundary of any object is a cycle. ISO 19107 4.14 geometric object spatial object representing a geometric set NOTE A geometric object consists of a geometric primitive, a collection of geometric primitives, or a geometric complex treated a

44、s a single entity. A geometric object may be the spatial representation of an object such as a feature or a significant part of a feature. ISO 19107 4.15 geometric primitive geometric object (4.14) representing a single, connected, homogeneous element of space NOTE Geometric primitives are non-decom

45、posed objects that represent information about geometric configuration. They include points, curves, surfaces, and solids. ISO 19107 Copyright American National Standards Institute Provided by IHS under license with ANSI Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-

46、,-,-ISO 19125-1:2004(E) 4 ISO 2004 All rights reserved4.16 interior set of all direct positions (4.7) that are on a geometric object (4.14) but which are not on its boundary (4.1) NOTE The interior of a topological object is the homomorphic image of the interior of any of its geometric realizations.

47、 This is not included as a definition because it follows from a theorem of topology. ISO 19107 4.17 point 0-dimensional geometric primitive (4.15), representing a position NOTE The boundary of a point is the empty set. ISO 19107 4.18 simple feature feature (4.11) restricted to 2D geometry with linea

48、r interpolation between vertices, having both spatial and non spatial attributes 4.19 start point first point (4.17) of a curve (4.7) ISO 19107 4.20 surface 2-dimensional geometric primitive (4.15), locally representing a continuous image of a region of a plane NOTE The boundary of a surface is the set of oriented, closed curves that delineate the limits of the surface. adapted from ISO 19107 5 Abbreviated terms API Application Program Interface COM Component Object Model CORBA Common Object Request Broker Architec