ANSI ARI 400-2001 Liquid to Liquid Heat Exchangers《液体对液体的热交换器》.pdf

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1、 ARI STANDARD 400-2001 WITH ADDENDUM 2, Liquid to Liquid Heat Exchangers April 2005 ARI Standard 400-2001 with Addendum 2, Liquid to Liquid Heat Exchangers, is comprised of only the shaded portions shown. The September 2005 Addendum 2 has been incorporated into the already published 2001 version of

2、ARI Standard 400 to avoid confusion. Particular additions (shown shaded in the standard), deletions (shown with a strikethrough and shaded in the standard), and corrections (shown shaded in the standard) are as follows: 1. In 5.3, the requirement for pressure drop not to exceed more than 110% of the

3、 published pressure drop was removed. 2. In 5.3, a requirement for tested pressure drop not to exceed the published pressure drop by more than 10%, or 1.0 ft of fluid 0.3 m of fluid, whichever is greater, was added. Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute 4100 N. Fairfax Drive, Suite 200 Arling

4、ton, VA 22203 Copyright Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute Provided by IHS under license with ARI Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ARI STANDARD 400-2001 WITH ADDENDUM 1, Liquid to Liquid Heat Exchangers June 2003 ARI Standard 400-2001 with

5、Addendum 1, Liquid to Liquid Heat Exchangers, is comprised of only the shaded portions shown. The June 2003 Addendum 1 has been incorporated into the already published 2001 version of ARI Standard 400 to avoid confusion. Particular additions (shown shaded in the standard), deletions (shown with a st

6、rikethrough and shaded in the standard), and corrections (shown shaded in the standard) are as follows: 1. In Table 1, units of measurement for minimum and maximum pressure drop were corrected. 3. In Table 1, the SI equivalents for minimum and maximum pressure drop were corrected. 4. In Appendix A,

7、the current edition of ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 41.1 is ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 41.1-1986 (RA 2001). 5. In Appendix A, references to ASME MFC-5M, ASME MFC-6M, ASME MFC-16M, and ASME PTC 19.2 were deleted. 6. C4. Instruments and Test Apparatus (and associated subsections) was deleted. 7. C4. Test Measuring

8、Instruments (and associated subsections) was added. Copyright Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute Provided by IHS under license with ARI Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-4301 NORTH FAIRFAX DRIVE ARLINGTON, VIRGINIA 22203 2001 STANDARD for LI

9、QUID TO LIQUID HEAT EXCHANGERS Standard 400 with Addendum 2 Copyright Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute Provided by IHS under license with ARI Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Price $10.00 (M) $20.00 (NM) Copyright 2001, by Air-Conditionin

10、g and Refrigeration Institute Printed in U.S.A. Registered United States Patent and Trademark Office IMPORTANT SAFETY DISCLAIMER ARI does not set safety standards and does not certify or guarantee the safety of any products, components or systems designed, tested, rated, installed or operated in acc

11、ordance with this standard/guideline. It is strongly recommended that products be designed, constructed, assembled, installed and operated in accordance with nationally recognized safety standards and code requirements appropriate for products covered by this standard/guideline. ARI uses its best ef

12、forts to develop standards/guidelines employing state-of-the-art and accepted industry practices. ARI does not certify or guarantee that any tests conducted under its standards/guidelines will be non-hazardous or free from risk. Note: This standard supercedes ARI Standard 400 with Addendum 1. Copyri

13、ght Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute Provided by IHS under license with ARI Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION PAGE Section 1. Purpose 1 Section 2. Scope .1 Section 3. Definitions .1 Section 4. Test Requirements.2

14、Section 5. Rating Requirements .2 Section 6. Minimum Data Requirements for Published Ratings2 Section 7. Marking and Nameplate Data3 Section 8. Conformance Conditions.3 TABLES Table 1. Limits of Mapped Rating Conditions2 APPENDICES Appendix A. References - Normative.4 Appendix B. References - Inform

15、ative .4 Appendix C. Method of Test of Liquid to Liquid Heat Exchangers - Normative5 Appendix D. Method of Simulating Field Fouling Allowance Informative9 FIGURES FOR APPENDICES Figure D1. Counter Flow.9 Figure D2. Parallel Flow9 Copyright Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute Provided by IHS

16、 under license with ARI Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Copyright Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute Provided by IHS under license with ARI Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-_ARI STANDARD 40

17、0-2001 WITH ADDENDUM 2 1 LIQUID TO LIQUID HEAT EXCHANGERS Section 1. Purpose 1.1 Purpose. The purpose of this standard is to establish for Liquid to Liquid Heat Exchangers: definitions; test requirements; rating requirements; minimum data requirements for Published Ratings; marking and nameplate dat

18、a; and conformance conditions. 1.1.1 Intent. This standard is intended for the guidance of the industry, including manufacturers, engineers, installers, contractors and users. 1.1.2 Review and Amendment. This standard is subject to review and amendment as technology advances. Section 2. Scope 2.1 Sc

19、ope. This standard applies to Liquid to Liquid Heat Exchangers as defined in Section 3, which includes the following types of heat exchangers: a. Plate Heat Exchangers b. Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchangers, Shell-and-U-Tube Heat Exchangers, and Shell-and-Coil Heat Exchangers c. Counter flow Shell-and-Tu

20、be Heat Exchangers 2.2 Exclusions. This standard does not apply to heat exchangers used for change of phase or non-liquid heat transfer applications. Section 3. Definitions All terms in this document shall follow the standard industry definitions in the current edition of ASHRAE Terminology of Heati

21、ng, Ventilation, Air Conditioning and Refrigeration, unless otherwise defined in this section. 3.1 Clean Capacity. The total heat transfer rate of the heat exchanger with clean heat exchanger surfaces. 3.2 Cold Stream. The liquid stream with the lower inlet temperature. 3.3 Counter Flow Shell-and-Tu

22、be Heat Exchanger. A baffled shell and tube heat exchanger, circuited such that the shellside and tubeside liquids flow countercurrent to one another. 3.4 Field Fouling Allowance. Provision for anticipated fouling during use. 3.4.1 Fouling Factor. The thermal resistance due to fouling accumulated on

23、 the heat transfer surface. 3.5 Hot Stream. The liquid stream with the higher inlet temperature. 3.6 Liquid to Liquid Heat Exchanger. A heat transfer device used to exchange heat between two liquid streams that are single phase fluids. 3.7 Number of Transfer Units (NTU). A dimensionless coefficient

24、representing the magnitude of thermal demand. The equation for NTU is given in Appendix C. 3.8 Plate Heat Exchanger. Heat transfer device that typically utilizes corrugated metal plates in a bolted frame. An alternate technique is for the plates to have elastomer gaskets that seal the unit and direc

25、t the heat transfer stream in countercurrent flow. The corrugated plates can also be brazed together using a sacrificial alloy thus avoiding the need for a bolted frame. 3.9 Published Rating. A statement of the assigned values of those performance characteristics, under stated rating conditions, by

26、which a unit may be chosen to fit its application. These values apply to all units of like nominal capacity and type (identification) produced by the same manufacturer. As used herein, the term Published Rating includes the rating of all performance characteristics shown on the unit or published in

27、specifications, advertising or other literature controlled by the manufacturer, at stated rating conditions. 3.9.1 Application Rating. A rating based on tests performed at Application Rating Conditions (other than Mapped Rating Conditions). 3.9.2 Mapped Rating(s). Ratings falling within certain spec

28、ified limits that are based upon tests performed across a range of operating conditions as defined by the product manufacturer. 3.10 “Shall“ or “Should“. “Shall“ or “should“ shall be interpreted as follows: 3.10.1 Shall. Where “shall“ or “shall not“ is used for a provision specified, that provision

29、is mandatory if compliance with the standard is claimed.Copyright Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute Provided by IHS under license with ARI Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ARI STANDARD 400-2001 WITH ADDENDUM 2_ 2 Table 1. Limits of Mapped

30、Rating Conditions Equipment Type Minimum Liquid Temperature, F C Maximum Liquid Temperature, F C Minimum NTU Maximum NTU Minimum Pressure Drop, psig kPa Maximum Pressure Drop, psig kPa Plate -20 -29 200 93.3 0.5 10.0 2.0 13.8 20.0 138 Shell1-20 -29 200 93.3 0.1 3.0 2.0 13.8 20.0 138 Counter flow She

31、ll-and-Tube -20 -29 200 93.3 0.5 7.5 2.0 13.8 20.0 138 1Shell Type Heat Exchangers as defined in Section 3. 3.10.2 Should. “Should“ is used to indicate provisions which are not mandatory but which are desirable as good practice. 3.11 Shell Type Heat Exchanger. A heat transfer device utilizing an arr

32、angement of multiple hollow cylindrical flow channels (tubes) contained within another larger hollow cylindrical flow channel (shell). The fluid flowing within the tubes exchanges thermal energy through the tube wall with another fluid flowing within the shell. This includes Shell-and-Tube, Shell-an

33、d-U-Tube, and Shell-and-Coil Heat Exchangers. Section 4. Test Requirements 4.1 Test Requirements. All Published Ratings shall be verified by tests conducted in accordance with Appendix C. Section 5. Rating Requirements 5.1 Ratings. Published Ratings of Liquid to Liquid Heat Exchangers shall consist

34、of Mapped Ratings and may also consist of Application Ratings. 5.1.1 Mapped Ratings. The Mapped Ratings for each type of Liquid to Liquid Heat Exchanger shall be limited to the range of conditions set forth in Table 1. 5.1.2 Application Ratings. Application Ratings are ratings at conditions falling

35、outside the boundaries of Mapped Rating Conditions as may be elected by the manufacturer to facilitate the selection of equipment. Application Ratings shall contain all information shown in 6.2.1. When Application Ratings include a Field Fouling Allowance, they shall be calculated by the method spec

36、ified in Appendix D. 5.1.3 Clean Surface Condition. Ratings shall be based on tests with initially clean heat transfer surface(s) and conducted in accordance with 4.1. The results of these tests are accepted as reflecting a Fouling Factor of zero. Fouling Factor or heat transfer margin (if used) sha

37、ll be agreed upon by the end user and manufacturer. 5.2 The manufacturer shall provide published information as to the maximum and minimum recommended flow rates for clean liquid. 5.3 Tolerances. To comply with this standard, published or reported heat transfer rates shall be based on data obtained

38、in accordance with the provisions of this section, and shall be such that any production unit selected at random and tested in accordance with this section at a specific operating condition shall have a total heat transfer rate not less than 95% of the Published Rating and a pressure drop not more t

39、han 110% of the published pressure drop. Measured values of pressure drop, shall not exceed published values by more than 10%, or 1.0 ft of fluid 0.3 m of fluid, whichever is greater. Section 6. Minimum Data Requirements for Published Ratings 6.1 Minimum Data Requirements for Published Ratings. As a

40、 minimum, Published Ratings shall include all Mapped Ratings. All claims to ratings within the scope of this standard shall be accompanied by the statement “Rated in accordance with ARI Standard 400”. All claims to ratings outside the scope of this standard shall be accompanied by the statement “Out

41、side the scope of ARI Standard 400”. Wherever Application Ratings are published or printed, they shall include a statement of the conditions at which the ratings apply. 6.2 Published Ratings. Published Ratings data (in catalogs or as computer output) shall include, or be capable Copyright Air-Condit

42、ioning and Refrigeration Institute Provided by IHS under license with ARI Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-_ARI STANDARD 400-2001 WITH ADDENDUM WITH ADDENDUM 2 3 f. of generating, unit designation(s), Mapped Ratings or Application Ratings. 6.2.1 Publ

43、ished Ratings shall state all the pertinent operating conditions and shall include the following: a. Hot stream inlet and outlet temperatures, F C b. Cold stream inlet and outlet temperatures, F C c. Total heat transfer rate, Btu/h W d. Identification of hot stream and cold stream liquids e. Hot str

44、eam flow rate, gpm L/s Cold stream flow rate, gpm L/s g. Hot stream pressure drop, psig kPa h. Cold stream pressure drop, psig kPa i. Fouling Factor, hft2F/Btu m2C/W j. Hot stream NTU k. Cold stream NTU Add dot in yell highlight 6.2.2 Published Ratings shall be accompanied by the following informati

45、on: a. Hot stream and cold stream design pressures, psig kPa b. Overall dimensions, in mm c. All standard connection types and sizes, in mm d. Shipping weight, lb kg e. Operating weight, lb kg If only clean heat transfer surface ratings are published, a statement shall be included to contact the man

46、ufacturer if fouled heat transfer surface ratings are required. Section 7. Marking and Nameplate Data 7.1 Marking and Nameplate Data. As a minimum, each heat exchanger shall be marked with the following information, along with any other information required by governing codes and regulations: a. Nam

47、e of manufacturer b. Manufacturers model or serial number c. Hot stream side design pressure, psig kPa d. Cold stream side design pressure, psig kPa Section 8. Conformance Conditions 8.1 Conformance. While conformance with this standard is voluntary, Conformance shall not be claimed or implied for p

48、roducts or equipment within the standards Purpose (Section 1) and Scope (Section 2) unless such product claims meets all of the requirements of the standard and all of the testing and rating requirements are measured and reported in complete compliance with the standard. Any product that has not met all the requirements of the standard cannot reference, state, or acknowledge the standard in any written, oral, or electronic communica