ANSI 002-2014 Data Center Design and Implementation Best Practices《数据中心设计与实现的最佳实践》.pdf

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1、 ANSI/BICSI 002-2014 Data Center Design and Implementation Best Practices Committee Approval: November 2014 First Published: December 2014 i BICSI International Standards BICSI international standards contain information deemed to be of technical value to the industry and are published at the reques

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16、a Center Design and Implementation Best Practices iii TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE xxvii 1 Introduction 1 1.1 General . 1 1.2 Purpose 1 1.2.1 Users Within IT . 1 1.2.2 Users Within Facilities Group . 1 1.2.3 Staff Outside IT and Facilities Groups 2 1.3 Categories of Criteria . 2 2 Scope . 2 3 Required

17、Standards and Documents 3 4 Definitions, Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Units of Measurement 7 4.1 Definitions 7 4.2 Acronyms and Abbreviations 25 4.3 Units of Measurement. 27 5 Site Selection 29 5.1 Introduction . 29 5.2 Site Evaluation 29 5.2.1 General Requirements . 29 5.2.2 General Recommendations

18、 . 29 5.2.3 Cost Evaluation Recommendations. 29 5.2.4 Existing Facilities Requirements . 30 5.3 Natural Hazards 30 5.3.1 Introduction . 30 5.3.2 General Requirements . 30 5.3.3 Seismic Activity 30 5.3.4 Volcanic Activity 32 5.3.5 Wildfire . 32 5.3.6 Flood Plains . 33 5.3.7 Wind 33 5.4 Natural Enviro

19、nment 34 5.4.1 Introduction . 34 5.4.2 Ground Stability 34 5.4.3 Groundwater 35 5.4.4 Lightning . 36 5.4.5 Air Quality 36 5.4.6 Noise . 37 5.4.7 Other Topography and Natural Environment Recommendations . 37 5.5 Man-Made Hazards 37 5.5.1 Introduction . 37 5.5.2 Recommended Separation Distances 37 5.5

20、.3 Other Recommendations . 37 ANSI/BICSI 002-2014 iv 5.6 Site Access and Location 39 5.6.1 Public Road Access Recommendations 39 5.6.2 Adjacent Property . 39 5.6.3 Proximity to Existing or Redundant Data Center 39 5.6.4 Security and Emergency Services . 40 5.6.5 Proximity to Skilled Labor 40 5.7 Uti

21、lity Services 40 5.7.1 Power and Electrical Service 40 5.7.2 Communications . 43 5.7.3 Water Service 44 5.7.4 Sanitary Sewer 46 5.7.5 Natural Gas and Other Fuels . 46 5.8 Regulations (Local, Regional, Country) 47 5.8.1 Air Quality Requirements . 47 5.8.2 Noise Requirements 47 5.8.3 Towers and Tall S

22、tructures Requirements 47 5.8.4 Fuel Tanks Requirements 47 5.8.5 Generator Requirements . 47 5.8.6 Site Access and Required Parking 48 5.8.7 Setbacks and Sight Lines 48 5.8.8 Environmental Assessment . 48 6 Space Planning . 49 6.1 Overall Facility Capacity . 49 6.1.1 General 49 6.1.2 Module and Modu

23、lar Design 49 6.2 Power Systems . 50 6.2.1 Introduction . 50 6.2.2 Electric Utility Service Feeds 55 6.2.3 Generator Power . 56 6.3 Cooling Capacity . 57 6.3.1 Introduction . 57 6.3.2 Recommendations . 57 6.3.3 Additional Information . 59 6.4 Data Center Supporting Spaces . 59 6.4.1 Adjacencies of F

24、unctional Spaces . 59 6.4.2 Security . 61 6.4.3 Telecommunications Entrance Room . 62 6.4.4 Command Center 63 6.4.5 Helpdesk . 63 6.4.6 Print . 63 6.4.7 Loading Dock 64 6.4.8 Storage 64 6.4.9 Engineering Offices 65 6.4.10 Administrative . 65 6.4.11 Environmental Design . 65 6.4.12 Waste/Recycle . 65

25、 6.5 Placement of Equipment When Using Access Floors 65 6.5.1 Cooling 66 6.5.2 Power Distribution 67 6.5.3 Fire Protection Systems 67 Data Center Design and Implementation Best Practices v 6.6 Information Technology Equipment Placement in a Computer Room With an Access Floor 67 6.6.1 Telecommunicati

26、ons Spaces . 67 6.6.2 Racks, Frames, and Equipment . 68 6.6.3 Aisles . 71 6.6.4 Power and Telecommunications Cable Distribution . 75 6.6.5 Airflow Circulation and Equipment Placement Coordination. 76 6.6.6 Information Technology (IT) Equipment Adjacencies . 76 6.6.7 Access Floor Grid Layout and Refe

27、rence Point 76 6.7 Design For Efficiency 77 6.7.1 Holistic Energy Efficient Data Center Design 77 6.7.2 Data Center Efficiency Metrics . 77 6.7.3 Data Center Energy Saving Design Opportunities 78 6.8 Network Architecture . 79 6.8.1 Considerations . 79 7 Architectural . 81 7.1 Facilities Planning . 8

28、1 7.1.1 General Overview . 81 7.1.2 Site Selection . 81 7.1.3 Location Within a Building . 82 7.2 General Design Concepts . 82 7.2.1 Levels of Reliability 82 7.2.2 Facility Purpose . 82 7.2.3 Multiuser Versus Single User Groups . 83 7.2.4 Equipment Change Cycle 83 7.2.5 Occupied Versus Unoccupied Da

29、ta Centers 83 7.2.6 Data Center Location Within Building . 83 7.2.7 Type of Building . 84 7.2.8 Multitenant Buildings 84 7.2.9 24/7 Operation Of Data Center . 84 7.2.10 Temperature And Relative Humidity Control . 84 7.2.11 Materials 84 7.3 General Paths of Access 85 7.3.1 General Access 85 7.3.2 Dat

30、a Center Access . 85 7.3.3 Equipment Access . 85 7.3.4 Telecommunications Access Provider Entry Into Computer Rooms 85 7.3.5 Vendor Access 86 7.3.6 Support Equipment Service Access 86 7.4 Planning Detail 86 7.4.1 Entry 86 7.4.2 Command center and Personnel Areas 86 7.4.3 Printer Room . 86 7.4.4 Medi

31、a Storage Room . 86 7.4.5 Restrooms and Break Rooms 87 7.4.6 Computer Room 87 7.4.7 Entrance Rooms 87 7.4.8 Mechanical Equipment Space . 87 7.4.9 Electrical Room and UPS Room . 88 7.4.10 Battery Room 88 7.4.11 Fire Suppression Room . 88 7.4.12 Circulation . 89 7.4.13 Equipment Staging and Storage 89

32、 7.4.14 Equipment Repair Room . 89 ANSI/BICSI 002-2014 vi 7.5 Construction Components . 89 7.5.1 Data Center Preparation 89 7.5.2 Floor Slab 89 7.5.3 Computer Room Envelope Wall Construction 90 7.5.4 Nonrated Partitions . 90 7.5.5 Vapor/Moisture Seal . 90 7.5.6 Door and Glazed Openings . 90 7.5.7 Fi

33、re-Rated Construction 91 7.5.8 Access Control Systems 91 7.5.9 Airborne Particles . 92 7.5.10 Access Flooring System 92 7.5.11 Ceilings . 94 7.5.12 Equipment Bracing System . 95 7.5.13 Computer Room Finishes 95 7.5.14 Roof Systems 95 8 Structural 97 8.1 Building Code Compliance and Coordination . 97

34、 8.1.1 Requirements 97 8.1.2 Additional Information . 97 8.2 Impact of Site Location on Structural Loading . 97 8.2.1 Introduction . 97 8.2.2 Recommendations . 97 8.3 Structural Concerns Specific to Data Center Design . 97 8.3.1 Floor Load . 97 8.3.2 Raised Access Floors 98 8.3.3 Mission Critical Eq

35、uipment 98 8.3.4 Wind 99 8.3.5 Earthquake 99 8.3.6 Blast and Terrorist Attack . 100 8.3.7 Ice Shard Impact . 100 9 Electrical Systems 101 9.1 Overview 101 9.1.1 Introduction . 101 9.1.2 Requirements 101 9.1.3 Availability and Uptime 102 9.1.4 Redundancy. 102 9.1.5 Capacity Versus Utilization Efficie

36、ncy . 103 9.1.6 Electrical Class Ratings 104 9.2 Utility Service 117 9.2.1 Utility Service Planning 117 9.2.2 Low-Voltage Utility Services . 118 9.2.3 Medium-Voltage and High-Voltage Utility Services 118 9.2.4 Protective Relaying . 120 9.3 Distribution . 120 9.3.1 Requirements 120 9.3.2 UPS Rectifie

37、r or Motor Inputs 120 9.3.3 Static Switch Bypass Inputs 120 9.3.4 UPS System Bypass 120 9.3.5 Power Strips 121 9.3.6 Input Source Transfer 121 9.3.7 Generator Controls and Paralleling . 123 9.3.8 Unit Substations 123 9.3.9 UPS System 124 Data Center Design and Implementation Best Practices vii 9.3.1

38、0 UPS Output Distribution . 134 9.3.11 Power Distribution Units (PDUs) 135 9.3.12 Automatic Static Transfer Switches 137 9.3.13 Direct Current (DC) Power Systems . 139 9.3.14 Computer Room Equipment Power Distribution 142 9.3.15 Emergency Power Off (EPO) Systems . 154 9.4 Mechanical Equipment Suppor

39、t 156 9.4.1 Introduction . 156 9.4.2 Requirements 158 9.4.3 Recommendations . 158 9.5 Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) Systems . 159 9.5.1 Introduction . 159 9.5.2 Sizing and Application 160 9.5.3 Technologies . 162 9.5.4 Paralleling and Controls 164 9.5.5 Batteries and Stored Energy Systems 165 9

40、.6 Standby and Emergency Power Systems 170 9.6.1 Sizing and Application 170 9.6.2 Starting Systems 172 9.6.3 Fuel System . 172 9.6.4 Fuel Tank and Piping 173 9.6.5 Exhaust System . 173 9.6.6 Cooling System . 173 9.6.7 Mounting . 174 9.7 Automation and Control 174 9.7.1 Introduction . 174 9.7.2 Monit

41、oring 174 9.7.3 Control 175 9.7.4 System Integration 175 9.8 Lighting 175 9.8.1 Introduction . 175 9.8.2 General Recommendations . 175 9.8.3 Computer Rooms 176 9.8.4 Support Areas 176 9.9 Bonding, Grounding, Lightning Protection, and Surge Suppression . 177 9.9.1 Introduction . 177 9.9.2 General Rec

42、ommendations . 181 9.9.3 Lightning Protection 182 9.9.4 Surge Suppression/Surge Protective Devices (SPDs) . 183 9.9.5 Telecommunications Surge Protection 184 9.9.6 Building Ground (Electrode) Ring 185 9.9.7 Supplementary Bonding and Grounding . 186 9.9.8 Information Technology Equipment Interconnect

43、ions 191 9.9.9 Power System Bonding and Grounding 194 9.10 Labeling and Signage 200 9.10.1 Introduction . 200 9.10.2 Requirements 200 9.10.3 Recommendations . 200 9.11 Testing and Quality Assurance 201 9.11.1 Requirements 201 9.11.2 Recommendations . 201 9.12 Ongoing Operations 202 9.12.1 Recommenda

44、tions . 202 9.13 Electrical Systems Matrix 202 ANSI/BICSI 002-2014 viii 10 Mechanical 221 10.1 Codes, References, and Terminology 221 10.1.1 Code Compliance and Coordination . 221 10.1.2 References . 221 10.1.3 Terminology Differences Between Codes and Telecommunications Standards . 221 10.2 Typical

45、 Heat Rejection and Computer Room Cooling Technologies . 221 10.2.1 Introduction . 221 10.2.2 Chiller Based Systems 221 10.2.3 Direct Expansion Cooling Systems . 229 10.2.4 Dual Coil Cooling Solution . 232 10.3 Mechanical Class Ratings 232 10.3.1 Introduction . 232 10.3.2 Class F0 and F1 Description

46、 . 232 10.3.3 Class F2 Description . 234 10.3.4 Class F3 Description . 236 10.3.5 Class F4 Description . 239 10.3.6 Chiller Piping and Valve Redundancy 242 10.4 Environmental Conditions . 243 10.4.1 Introduction . 243 10.4.2 Normal Operation Versus Loss of Environmental Control . 243 10.4.3 Environm

47、ental Class Definitions 243 10.4.4 Air Conditioning . 245 10.4.5 Ventilation (Outside Air) 246 10.4.6 Airborne Contaminants (Gases and Particles). 247 10.4.7 Environmental Limits . 247 10.4.8 Humidity Control 248 10.4.9 Temperature And Humidity ControlTape Media 248 10.4.10 Maximum Dew Point 248 10.

48、4.11 Altitude . 248 10.4.12 Noise Levels 248 10.4.13 Leak Detection 248 10.5 Thermal Management 249 10.5.1 Introduction . 249 10.5.2 Use Of Operating Rather Than Nameplate Load 249 10.5.3 Current Equipment Heat Release and Trends . 250 10.5.4 Equipment Heat Release Specifications 250 10.5.5 Electron

49、ic Equipment Cooling 250 10.5.6 Humidification and Dehumidification Equipment 250 10.5.7 Air-side Economizer Systems . 251 10.5.8 Supplemental Cooling . 251 10.6 Computer Room Cooling . 252 10.6.1 General Considerations . 252 10.6.2 Access Floor Versus No Access Floor 252 10.6.3 Hot Aisle/Cold Aisle Concept . 253 10.6.4 Access Floor 254 10.6.5 Overhead Air Distribution 255 10.6.6 Row-Integrated Cooling 255 10.6.7 Equipment Layout . 255 10.6.8 Supply Air Layout . 255 10.6.9 Return Air Layout . 256 10.6.10 Cable