AIIM TR20-1994 Environmental and Work Place Safety Regulations Affecting Microfilm Processors《影响微缩影片处理器的环境及工作场所的安全规例》.pdf

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1、AIIM TR20 94 LO12348 0500532 T75 ANSVAIIM TR20-1994 Technical Report .c 0 Cu U I- 5 - a : v) z l Association for Information and Image Management 11 O0 Wayne Avenue, Suite 11 O0 Silver Spring, MD 2091 0-5603 Telephone 301 /587-8202 AIIM TR20 94 LOL2348 0500533 901 AIIM Catalog No. TR20 O 1994 by the

2、 Association for Information and Image Management I 1 O0 Wayne Avenue, Suite i O0 Silver Spring, MD 209 10-5603 Telephone: 301 /587-8202 Fax: 301/S87-27 1 1 Printed in the United States of America ISBN:0-89-258-284-7 AIIM TR20 94 m 3032348 0500534 848 m ANSVAIIM TR20-1994 Technical Report for Inform

3、ation and Image Management - Environmental and Work Place Safety Regulations Affecting Microfilm Processors An ANSI Technical Report Prepared by the Association for Information and Image Management Association for Information and Image Management Abstract This technical report provides an overview o

4、f environmental laws and regulations affecting photographic process- ing activities. These laws and regulations control photoprocessing wastewater (effluent) discharges, regulate haz- ardous material storage and disposal, protect communities from hazardous chemicals, and provide protection to employ

5、ees exposed to hazardous substances. AIIM TR20 94 LO12348 0500535 784 Contents Foreword i 1 Scope and purpose 1 2 References . 1 3 Standard industrial classification 2 4 Federal effluent pretreatment requirements 2 5 Stream standards . 2 6 Disposal of photoprocessing effluents using septic tanks and

6、 leach fields 7 Municipal sewer-use codes . 8 Photographic processing effluent characteristics 4 9 Effluent sampling 10 1 O Handling samples analysis 11 il Pollution prevention., 12 12 Dilution (equalization) . 13 Silver recovery . - . 14 15 Current issues in environmental and work place safety regu

7、lations affecting Commercial disposal services . 14 microfilm processors . 14 16 United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) guidance on local discharge limitations 15 17 Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) 15 18 Training for safe transportation of hazardous materials . 19 19 Title

8、 III of SARA (Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act) 21 20 Occupational Safety and Health 21 OSHA ammonia rules . 24 22 Clean Water Act (CWA) and municipal use codes 24 23 Storm water regulations 24 24 Air pollution considerations. 25 General guidelines for ventilating photographic processing

9、 areas 25 26 Regulation of photographic processing air emissions . 26 27 Administration (OSHA) 22 EPAs updated Form R 26 Annexes Annex A State Water Pollution Control Agencies . 27 Annex B State Air Pollution Control Agencies. 28 Annex C Title III of SARA (Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Ac

10、t) State Commission Contacts 29 Annex D Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)State Hazardous Waste Management Agencies . 3 1 Annex E Annex E OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) Regional Offices . 32 Annex F Assistance From Manufacturers 33 Annex G State Permit Contacts 34 An

11、nex H Acronyms Used in This Technical Annex I Sample Written Federal Hazard Communication Program 39 Tables Report . .3 8 Typical Municipal Sewer Code Limits 3 General Characteristics of Microfilm Effluent . 4 Conventional Process Deep-tank Microfilm Photoprocessing Effluent Characteristics . 4 Conv

12、entional Process Deep-tank Microfilm Photoprocessing Effluent Characteristics - Replenishment Rates . 5 Full-reversal Deep-tank Microfilm Photoprocessing Effluent Characteristics . 5 Full-reversal Process Replenishment Rates 6 Threshold Planning and Reportable Quantities of Common Hazardous Substanc

13、es 21 Figure 1 RCRA Applications For Hazardous Waste (Federal) . 18 Foreword (This foreword is not part of the Technical Report for Information and Image Management- Environmental and Work Place Safety Regulations Affecting Microfilm Processors, ANSVAIIM TR20- 1994.) This technical report is a guide

14、 to the federal, state, and local environmental regulations affecting organi- zations that process microfilm. In addition, this report includes general discussions of the following topics: - how to identify the characteristics of processing effluent; - how to sample and handle wastewater before test

15、ing; - how to reduce chemical loss; - what to expect from commercial disposal services. This report is not a substitute for your own research into the laws that may apply to you. For detailed advice about your specific business operations, con- sult the appropriate experts. The information provided

16、in this technical report is accurate only as of Decem- ber 1993. Consult more recent documents for recent regulation information. i AIIM TR20 94 9 1012348 0500536 610 W Publication of this ANSI Technical Report has been approved by the Accredited Standards Developer, Association for Information and

17、Image Management (AIIM). This document is registered as a part of the Technical Report series of publications according to the Procedures for the Registration of ANSI Technical Reports. This document is not an American National Standard and the material contained herein is not nor- mative in nature.

18、 Comments on the content of this document should be sent to the Chair, AIIM Stan- dards Board, Association for Information and Image Management, 1100 Wayne Avenue, Suite 1100, Silver Spring, Maryland, 20910-5603 At the time it approved this technical report, the AIIM Standards Board had the followin

19、g members: Name of ReDresentative Marilyn E. Courtot, Thomas C. Bagg Chair Avi Bender Jewel M. Drass John C. Gale Bruce A. Holroyd Charles A. Plesums George Thoma Stephen Urban Eileen Usovicz Herbert J. White OrPanization Rearesented Association for Information and Image Management National Institut

20、e of Stan- dards and Technology GTE Bell that is, the wastes are bro- ken down by living organisms in the absence of an adequate oxygen supply. Total suspended solids I (TSS) One of the concerns about using a septic tanMeach field system is that photographic effluents can adversely affect the anaero

21、bic digestion system unless the effluents are heavily diluted with domestic wastes. Another concern is that the soil may not have ade- quate capacity to absorb the leach field runoff. With a septic tanlleach field system, care must be taken to prevent contamination of ground water. 200 to 1,000 Most

22、 states have regulations governing industrial dis- charges (for example, photoprocessing effluent) to ground waters. In addition, many states and localities have regulations on the design, installation and testing of septic tank systems. Total dissolved solids I (TDS) Photoprocessing laboratories us

23、ing septic tanMeach field systems or spray irrigation systems should be aware of permit requirements and potential limita- tions on discharges from such systems. Contact your state environmental regulatory agency for additional information. See annex A for a list of phone numbers for each states wat

24、er pollution control agency. 250 to 5,000 7 Municipal sewer-use codes Chlorine Demand Phenols Although there are no federal pretreatment regula- tions for a processor discharging to local sewers, a permit to discharge photoprocessing waste to a municipal sewer system may be required. The local munic

25、ipal sewer authority regulates the on-site dis- charge of photoprocessing effluent to municipal sewer systems. To determine permitting requirements, review the municipal sewer-use code or contact the local sewer authority. Municipal sewer code parame- 10 to 40 0.001 to 100 ter limits are set by each

26、 communitys local sewer authority. These pollutant limits and the local regula- tions can be found in the local sewer-use codes or ordinances. The pollutant limits will vary with each community, depending on which effluent constituents and characteristics the sewer authority believes the local POTW

27、can safely handle. The municipal code may specify surcharges for excess concentrations of some parameters, such as the following: - biochemical oxygen demand (BOD,), - chemical oxygen demand (COD), - suspended solids, - chlorine demand. Oil and grease Chromium Because most photoprocessing laboratori

28、es are located in urban areas and discharge their effluent directly to public sewers, municipal sewer code regu- lations are of high concern. Pollutants most frequently regulated and their typical limits are shown in table 1. A particular communitys code may regulate less or more parameters and will

29、 likely have different limits than those shown. Table 1 : Typical Municipal Sewer Code Limits (All units except temperature and pH are specified in mg/L (ppm).) 1 O0 0.01 to 5.0 I Parameter 1 Range of Regulations Silver Zinc 0.001 to 5.0 0.25 to 5.0 1 400t027500 Chemical oxygen demand (COD) I Total

30、cyanide I Oto10 I Iron I 3.0 to 100 3 AIIM TR20 94 m 3032348 0500540 O43 m Characteristic 8 Photographic processing effluent characteristics Typical Concentrations Mercury Nickel Photographic processing effluents vary in composi- tion among laboratories because of the different pro- cesses available

31、 and the laboratories operating differ- ences, such as - the daily operating time of each process, - the number of processes, - the chemical replenishment rates, - the amount of wash water used, - the volume of effluent, - the ratio of processing wastes to nonprocessing wastes: recycling, reuse, and

32、 regeneration. The general characteristics that are typical of conven- tional processing effluents are shown in table 2. Tables 3 through 6 show effluent characteristics for conventional process deep-tank microfilm photopro- cessing, replenishment rates for conventional process deep-tank microfilm p

33、hotoprocessing, effluent char- acteristics for full-reversal deep-tank microfilm pho- toprocessing, and replenishment rates for full-reversal deep-tank microfilm photoprocessing . Table 2: General Characteristics of Microfilm Effluent (All units expressed in mgL unless otherwise noted.) 0.002 0.5 NH

34、, - nitrogen Total phosphorus 150 - 400 0.5 Parameter Concentration PH Temperature Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD,) 7.6 S.U. 85 F 350 Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD,) 200 to 3,000 Chemical oxygen demand (COD) Suspended solids (Total) 400 to 5,000 50 PH Flammable; explosive 6.5 to 9.0 S.U. None Total

35、 kieldahl nitrogen I (TKN) 4 1 O Oils and grease Phenol O to 50 0 to 10 Cadmium Chromium b 0.02 0.5 to 50 Copper Iron 0.5 0.5 Lithium 0.5 Zinc Barium TKN - nitrogen 200 - 500 a. A notification requirement exists for dis- charge of hazardous waste down the sewer, e.g., greater than 5.0 parts per mil-

36、 lion (ppm) of silver. Silver content depends upon processing system and sil- ver recovery technique b. Depends upon process solutions used Characteristic I Qpical Concentrations Temperature 80 to 110 degrees F, or 26.7 to 43.3 degrees C Chemical oxygen 1 demand (COD) I lj900 I Totalsuspendedsolids

37、I 2 I Total dissolved solids I Ammonia - nitrogen I 380 I Detergents I Minimal I Sulfite I 250 I Odor 1 Scarcely detectable I Thiosulfite I 1,600 I Silvera 10.5 to 100 I Sulfate I 135 I Phenol Color 25 Pt - Co units I I Detergents 1 Minimal Lead I 0.05 I Odor I Scarcely detectable I 4 AI11 TR20 94 L

38、OL23Y 0500543 TB8 Parameter Chloride demand Concentration 940 to 1100 Parameter P“ Total oxygen demand Total organic carbon (TOD) (TOC) Concentration 8.2 S.U. 3,000 560 Barium Cadmium ND 0.2 ND 0.4 Chemical oxygen demand (COD) Suspended solids (SS) 2,400 17 Total dissolved solids (TDS) Phenolics 3,7

39、40 O. 19 Nitrogen (TKN) Total phosphorous (P) 280 ND 0.5 Mercury Nickel ND 0.2 pgk 1 Aluminum Barium NDa 0.55 0.3 Silver Sodium Tin Zinc 72b 5 110 NDa 4 ND 0.5 Chromium Copper 47.0 0.02 Product Kodak Microfilm Developer Kodak Microfilm Fixer Wash Rate Machine Speed Replenishment Rate 17.4 mLs/ft2 21

40、.7 mLs/ft2 1.2 L/ft* 25.3 ft/min Silver Sodium 12.0b 74.0 Tin Zinc ND 0.7 0.09 Table 5: Full-reversal Deep-tank Microfilm Photoprocessing Effluent Characteristics (All units are in mg/L unless otherwise specified) Table 3: Conventional Process Deep-tank Microfilm Photoprocessing Effluent Characteris

41、tics (All units are in mg/L unless otherwise specified.) Total phosphorous I 0.03 Total Metals I I l1 Aluminum Boron I NDo. I 460 Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD,) Chromium I ND 0.5 Copper I ND 0.5 Lead 1 NDa2 Lithium I NDa 0.5 I Flourides I NDo. Manganese I 0.18 Magnesium I 9.4 Oil and grease Chlori

42、ne demand (as 560 - 600 Sulfate (SO,) 1,080 Selenium 1 Boron I 6.0 I Cadmium I NDO.O I I Iron I 0.21 I I Lead I NDa 0.05 I Lithium Manganese ND“ 0.02 Mercury 0.0003 Nickel 5 AIIM TR20 Y 3032348 0500542 914 W Silver (redeveloper) Silver (clear) Table 5: Full-reversal Deep-tank Microfilm Photoprocessi

43、ng Effluent Characteristics (All units are in mg/L unless otherwise specified) o. 1 o. 1 I Silver (first developer) I O. 1 I Silver (fixer) Silver (bleach) 790.0 790.0 Clear Water rinse Redeveloper Water rinse Fixer I Silver (wash) I 1.5 I 62.5 24 1,892.5 720 125 48 1892.5 720 62.5 24 I Chromium (bl

44、each) I 4,200 I a. ND = Not Detected (detection limit) b. Before silver recovery Table 6: Full-reversal Process Replenishment Rates (Machine speed = 50 ft/min) Solution (mLMn) (mL/Ftz) First developer Water rinse 1,892.5 Bleach Water rinse 1,892.5 720 I 4,330 l I I I a. Total water supply was 5 gall

45、ons per minute with about 1/2 gal/min to each rinse section and 3 gaymin for the final wash. 8.1 Temperature The temperature of some of the most widely used photographic processes is in the 80 F to 110 F (26.7 C to 43.3 C) range. This temperature range from a pro- cessing laboratory should not prese

46、nt a problem to a municipal sewer system. 8.2 Oxygen demand BOD, and COD are procedures used to determine the amount of oxygen that will be consumed by effluent. 8.2.1 BOD, The BOD, test measures the quantity of oxygen that the effluent, chemical, or solution will consume over a five day period thro

47、ugh biological degradation. It is important to know the oxygen demand of discharged waste because the waste can overload the aeration capacity of a municipal second- ary wastewater treatment plant if the waste demands too much oxygen. Discharging improperly treated wastes could deplete the amount of

48、 dissolved oxygen in a receiving body of water. Normally, water contains 7 to 9 mg/L of dissolved oxygen at 70 F (21 C). (This concentration decreases as the temperature increases.) Most fish and other aquatic life require 5 mg/L to 7 mg/L of dissolved oxygen for survival. Amounts of dissolved oxyge

49、n below these levels can affect aquatic life and may also result in the production of strong smelling gases. A BOD, of 400 mg/L or 400 parts per million (ppm) would mean that 1 liter of the effluent would consume 400 milligrams of oxygen in 5 days in a natural body of water. The BOD, analysis attempts to duplicate in the labo- ratory the environmental conditions in a receiving body of water and to measure the oxygen demand that the discharged material places on the body of water. The test is highly dependent on several variables, including the following: - tempera