AHRI 1500-2015 Performance Rating of Commercial Space Heating Boilers.pdf

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1、 2015 Standard for Performance Rating of Commercial Space Heating Boilers Approved by ANSI on 28 November 2014 ANSI/AHRI Standard 1500 Price $10.00 (M) $20.00 (NM) Copyright 2015, by Air-Conditioning, Heating, and Refrigeration Institute Printed in U.S.A. Registered United States Patent and Trademar

2、k Office Note: This standard supersedes AHRI Hydronics Institute Standard BTS-2000 Rev. 06.07. INFORMATIVE NOTE AHRI CERTIFICATION PROGRAM PROVISIONS Scope of the Certification Program (See Section 2 for Scope of the Standard) The certification program includes all gas- and oil-fired steam and hot w

3、ater Heating Boilers with inputs ranging from 300,000 Btu/h to 2,500,000 Btu/h. Models within a model series, or individual boiler models, having inputs over 2,500,000 Btu/h may be included in the program at the Participants option. Certified Ratings The following certification program ratings are v

4、erified by test: All steam boilers, and hot water boilers from 300,000 Btu/h up to and including 2,500,000 Btu/h. 1. Thermal Efficiency, % (required) 2. Combustion Efficiency, % (optional) Hot water boilers above 2,500,000 Btu/h. 1. Combustion Efficiency, % (required) 2. Thermal Efficiency, % (optio

5、nal) IMPORTANT SAFETY DISCLAIMER AHRI does not set safety standards and does not certify or guarantee the safety of any products, components or systems designed, tested, rated, installed or operated in accordance with this standard/guideline. It is strongly recommended that products be designed, con

6、structed, assembled, installed and operated in accordance with nationally recognized safety standards and code requirements appropriate for products covered by this standard/guideline. AHRI uses its best efforts to develop standards/guidelines employing state-of-the-art and accepted industry practic

7、es. AHRI does not certify or guarantee that any tests conducted under its standards/guidelines will be non-hazardous or free from risk. TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION PAGE Section 1. Purpose 1 Section 2. Scope . 1 Section 3. Definitions. 1 Section 4. Test Requirements 4 Section 5. Rating Requirements . 4

8、 Section 6. Minimum Data Requirements for Published Ratings . 6 Section 7. Marking and Nameplate Data . 6 Section 8. Conformance Conditions 6 TABLES Table 1. Net Rating Calculation 5 APPENDICES Appendix A. References - Normative 7 Appendix B. References - Informative.7 Appendix C. Methods of Testing

9、 for Rating Commercial Space Heating Boilers Normative . .8 Appendix D. Properties of Saturated Steam Normative 40 Appendix E. Correction Factors for Heating Values of Fuel Gases Normative .42 Appendix F. Sample Test Report Forms Informative .43 TABLES FOR APPENDICES Table C1. Instruments 8 Table C2

10、. Limits of Flue Gas Temperature Variation During Test . 28 Table C3. Flue Gas Measurement Tolerance 29 Table C4. Data to be Recorded Before and During Testing 31 Table D1. Properties of Saturated Steam . 40 FIGURES FOR APPENDICES Figure C1. Test Vent for Boilers with a Gas or Oil Non-atmospheric Bu

11、rner and with Negative Vent Pressure and Test Vent for Boilers with a Gas or Oil Non-atmospheric Burner and with Positive Vent Pressure and that are not Direct Vent Boilers, as Defined in Section 3 15 Figure C2. Test Vent for Atmospheric Boiler with an Input Rating of 400,000 Btu/h or Less . 16 Figu

12、re C3. Test Vent for Atmospheric Boiler with an Input Rating Greater than 400,000 Btu/h 17 Figure C4. Test Vent for Direct Vent Boilers (as Defined in Section 3) with a Gas or Oil Non-atmospheric Burner and with Positive Vent Pressure. 18 Figure C5. Suggested Piping Arrangement for Steam Boilers, Co

13、ndensate Measurement 19 Figure C6. Suggested Piping Arrangement for Steam Boilers with Return Loop Connection, Condensate Measurement . 20 Figure C7. Suggested Piping Arrangement for Steam Boilers, Feedwater Measurement 21 Figure C8. Alternate Arrangement for Steam Boilers with Return Loop Connectio

14、n, Feedwater Measurement . 22 Figure C9. Suggested Piping Arrangement for Hot Water Boilers. 23 Figure C10. Required Piping Arrangement for Hot Water Boilers 24 Figure C11. Suggested Oil Burner Test Setup 25 Figure C12. Thermocouple Grid . 26 _ ANSI/AHRI STANDARD 1500-2015 1 PERFORMANCE RATING OF CO

15、MMERCIAL SPACE HEATING BOILERS Section 1. Purpose 1.1 Purpose. The purpose of this standard is to establish for Commercial Space Heating Boilers: definitions; test requirements; rating requirements; minimum data requirements for Published Ratings; marking and nameplate data; and conformance conditio

16、ns. 1.1.1 Intent. This standard is intended for the guidance of the industry, including manufacturers, designers, installers, contractors and users. 1.1.2 Review and Amendment. This standard is subject to review and amendment as technology advances. Section 2. Scope 2.1 Scope. This standard applies

17、to gas and oil-fired steam and hot water Packaged Boilers, as defined in Section 3, that have an Input Rating equal to or greater than 300,000 Btu/h, that are: 2.1.1 A steam boiler designed to operate at or below a steam pressure of 15 psig; or 2.1.2 A hot water boiler designed to operate at or belo

18、w a water pressure of 160 psig and a temperature of 250 F; or 2.1.3 A boiler that is designed to be capable of supplying either steam or hot water, and designed to operate under the conditions in Sections 2.1.1 and 2.1.2 of this scope. 2.2 Products covered under this standard are for use in heating

19、or space conditioning applications, utilize any means of natural or mechanical draft configurations, and may be intended for installation in either indoor or outdoor environments. Section 3. Definitions All terms in this document will follow the standard industry definitions in the ASHRAE Terminolog

20、y website (https:/www.ashrae.org/resources-publications/free-resources/ashrae-terminology) unless otherwise defined in this section. 3.1 Barometric Draft Regulator. A balanced damper device attached to the vent connector to control draft (negative pressure). 3.2 Boiler. A closed direct fired pressur

21、e vessel intended for use in heating water or generating steam to be used external to itself. 3.2.1 Atmospheric Boiler. A Packaged Boiler with a gas Atmospheric Burner and that operates with a non-positive Vent static pressure. 3.2.2 Condensing Boiler. A Boiler which will, during the laboratory test

22、s prescribed in this standard, condense part of the water vapor in the flue gases and which is equipped with a means of collecting and draining this condensate from the heat exchange section. 3.2.3 Direct Vent Boiler. A Boiler (indoor) with the means or instructions for all air for combustion to be

23、derived directly from the outdoors. ANSI/AHRI STANDARD 1500-2015 2 3.2.4 Heating Boiler. A Boiler designed to supply low-pressure steam or hot water for space heating applications. A low-pressure steam Boiler operates at or below 15 psig steam pressure; a low-pressure hot water Boiler operates at or

24、 below 160 psig water pressure and 250 F water temperature. 3.2.5 Non-condensing Boiler. A Boiler that is not a Condensing Boiler. 3.2.6 Outdoor Boiler. A Packaged Boiler with integral venting means, factory assembled, weather-proofed, and wired for use out of doors. 3.2.7 Packaged Boiler. A Boiler

25、that is shipped complete with Burner and controls. 3.3 Btu. British Thermal Unit. 3.4 Burner. A device for the introduction of fuel and primary air into a Firebox at the desired velocities. 3.4.1 Atmospheric Burner. A Burner for the final conveyance of a mixture of gas and air at atmospheric pressur

26、e, to the combustion zone. Air at atmospheric pressure is injected into the Burner by a jet of gas. 3.4.2 Non-atmospheric Burner. A Burner which supplies air for combustion at a pressure exceeding atmospheric pressure, or a Burner which depends on the draft induced by a fan incorporated in the Boile

27、r, or a fan-powered Burner which depends on the natural draft developed by a chimney for proper operation, or a pulse combustion Burner. 3.5 Choke Damper. A Damper placed within the Vent Connector or vent pipe for regulating the flow of gases. 3.6 Combustion Efficiency. 100% less the losses due to (

28、1) dry flue gas, (2) incomplete combustion, and (3) moisture formed by combustion of hydrogen. 3.7 Condensate, Flue. Liquid formed by the condensation of moisture in the flue gases. 3.8 Condensate, Steam. Liquid formed by the condensation of steam. 3.9 Draft. A pressure difference that causes gases

29、or air to flow through a chimney, Vent or Boiler. Draft is the ambient pressure minus the pressure in the Vent or Firebox. Although draft represents a negative pressure, it is always expressed as a positive value. 3.10 Draft Hood. A non-adjustable device, either built into or external to the Boiler,

30、 that is designed to (1) provide for the exhaust of the products of combustion in the event of no draft, back draft, or stoppage beyond the Draft Hood, (2) prevent a back draft from entering the Firebox, and (3) neutralize the effect of stack action of the chimney or gas vent upon the operation of t

31、he Boiler. 3.11 Draft Regulator. See “Barometric Draft Regulator.” 3.12 Efficiency, Combustion. See “Combustion Efficiency“. 3.13 Efficiency, Thermal. See “Thermal Efficiency“. 3.14 Feedwater. The water that is heated, cooled, or blended as needed and supplied to the Boiler test fixture. 3.15 Firebo

32、x. The space provided within the Boiler for combustion of the fuel. 3.16 Flue, Boiler. The passage(s) within a Boiler through which combustion products pass from the Firebox of the Boiler to the Draft Hood inlet opening on a Boiler equipped with a Draft Hood or to the outlet of the Boiler on a Boile

33、r not equipped with a Draft Hood. 3.17 Flue Collar. That portion of a Boiler designed for attachment of a Draft Hood, Vent Connector, or continuous open passageway to the outdoors for the purpose of removing Flue or Vent Gasses. _ ANSI/AHRI STANDARD 1500-2015 3 3.18 Flue Gas. Products of combustion

34、plus excess air in the Boiler Flue or heat exchanger. 3.19 Flue Temperature. The temperature of the Flue Gases, before dilution. 3.20 Gross Output. The output determined from thermal efficiency test data, in terms of Btu/h, under the conditions and limitations stipulated by this standard. 3.21 Heati

35、ng Value, Gas. Amount of heat produced by the complete combustion of a unit quantity of fuel. This standard only uses the gross or higher heating value, which is obtained when all the products of combustion are cooled to the temperature existing before combustion, the water vapor formed during combu

36、stion is condensed, and all the necessary corrections to standard conditions have been made in accordance with Appendix E. The gas heating value is expressed in Btu/cubic foot at standard conditions of water vapor saturation, temperature of 60 F and a pressure of 30“ of mercury. 3.22 Heating Value,

37、Oil. The higher heating value determined per ASTM D240-09 or ASTM D4809-09a and Section C3.2.1.1, Fuel Oil Analysis. 3.23 Input Rating. The maximum Btu/h or gph input located on the Boiler rating plate. 3.24 Net Rating. The recommended amount of installed radiation to be served by the Boiler, based

38、on the normal allowance for piping and pickup losses. 3.25 Oil. Light oil refers to No. 2 oil, and heavy oil refers to Nos. 4, 5, and 6 oil, as defined in ASTM D396-14a. 3.26 Published Rating. A statement of the assigned values of those performance characteristics, under stated Rating Conditions, by

39、 which a unit may be chosen to fit its application. These values apply to all units of like nominal size and type (identification) produced by the same manufacturer. The term Published Rating includes the rating of all performance characteristics shown on the unit or published in specifications, adv

40、ertising or other literature controlled by the manufacturer, at stated Rating Conditions. 3.26.1 Standard Rating. A rating based on tests performed at Standard Rating Conditions. 3.27 Rating Conditions. Any set of operating conditions under which a single level of performance results and which cause

41、s only that level of performance to occur. 3.27.1 Standard Rating Conditions. Rating Conditions used as the basis of comparison for performance characteristics. 3.28 Secondary Air. Air for the purpose of aiding combustion, admitted beyond the Burner port or ports. 3.29 “Shall“ or “Should“. “Shall“ o

42、r “should“ shall be interpreted as follows: 3.29.1 Shall. Where “shall“ or “shall not“ is used for a provision specified, that provision is mandatory if compliance with the standard is claimed. 3.29.2 Should. “Should” is used to indicate provisions which are not mandatory but which are desirable as

43、good practice. 3.30 Superheat. The temperature of steam in excess of its saturation temperature. 3.31 Thermal Efficiency. The ratio of the heat absorbed by the water or the water and steam to the higher heating value in the fuel burned. 3.32 Ultimate Carbon Dioxide (CO2). 11.9% CO2for natural gas, 1

44、5.6% CO2for No. 2 fuel oil, 15.8% CO2for No. 4 fuel oil, 16.3% CO2for No. 5 fuel oil, and 16.7% CO2for No. 6 fuel oil. These numbers are used in the ANSI/AHRI STANDARD 1500-2015 4 standard to state the maximum percentage of carbon dioxide obtainable in the flue gas under stoichiometric combustion. 3

45、.33 Vent. A passageway used to convey flue gasses from Boilers or their Vent Connectors to the outdoors. 3.34 Vent Connector. The pipe or duct that connects a Boiler to a Vent or chimney (sometimes called breaching). 3.35 Vent Gases. Products of combustion from Boilers, plus excess air and dilution

46、air added to the Flue Gases after leaving the heat exchanger. Section 4. Test Requirements 4.1 Test Requirements. Published Ratings shall be verified by tests conducted in accordance with the test method described in Appendix C and at the Rating Conditions in Section 5. 4.1.1 Equipment. Boilers shal

47、l be tested using all components as recommended by the manufacturer. Section 5. Rating Requirements 5.1 Standard Ratings. Standard Ratings shall be established at the Standard Rating Conditions specified in Section 5.3. Combustion Efficiency is a required Standard Rating for hot water boilers with a

48、n Input Rating greater than 2,500,000 Btu/h. Thermal Efficiency is a required Standard Rating for all steam boilers and for hot water boilers with an Input Rating less than or equal to 2,500,000 Btu/h. Indoor Boilers shall report the indoor boiler Thermal Efficiency and Outdoor Boilers shall report

49、the outdoor boiler Thermal Efficiency. 5.2 All Standard Ratings shall be verified by tests in accordance with Section 5. 5.2.1 Values of Standard Ratings. Combustion Efficiency shall be expressed to the nearest tenths of a percent. Thermal Efficiency shall be expressed to the nearest tenths of a percent. 5.2.2 Values of Optional Standard Ratings. Gross Output shall be expressed to the nearest 1,000 Btu/h. Net Ratings are determined by dividing the Gross