AHRI 1140-2012 Sound Quality Evaluation Procedures for Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Equipment.pdf

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1、 Standard for 2012 Sound Quality Evaluation Procedures for Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Equipment AHRI Standard 1140 Price $10.00 (M) $20.00 (NM) Copyright 2012, by Air-Conditioning Heating and Refrigeration Institute Printed in U.S.A. Registered United States Patent and Trademark Office Note:

2、 This standard supersedes AHRI Standard 1140-2006. Foreword: Sound quality is subjective and its acceptability depends upon many factors including, but not limited to, the type of equipment being evaluated, the intended application for the equipment, ambient background sound where the equipment is t

3、o be applied and the listening audience. A variety of procedures are described and recommendations made to help the user select the most appropriate method for a given situation. However, it will be the responsibility of the user to insure that the chosen procedure does indeed provide a reasonable S

4、ound Quality Indicator for the equipment being evaluated. IMPORTANT SAFETY DISCLAIMER AHRI does not set safety standards and does not certify or guarantee the safety of any products, components or systems designed, tested, rated, installed or operated in accordance with this standard/guideline. It i

5、s strongly recommended that products be designed, constructed, assembled, installed and operated in accordance with nationally recognized safety standards and code requirements appropriate for products covered by this standard/guideline. AHRI uses its best efforts to develop standards/guidelines emp

6、loying state-of-the-art and accepted industry practices. AHRI does not certify or guarantee that any tests conducted under its standards/guidelines will be non-hazardous or free from risk. TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION PAGE Section 1. Purpose 1 Section 2. Scope .1 Section 3. Definitions .1 Section 4. Te

7、st Requirements .2 Section 5. Sound Quality Evaluation Procedures .2 Section 6. Minimum Data Requirements for Published Values .3 Section 7. Conformance Conditions .3 APPENDICES Appendix A. References Normative 4 Appendix B. References Informative 4 Appendix C. AHRI Sound Quality Indicator Calculati

8、on Procedure Normative 5 Appendix D. Adjustments for Subjective Response to Discrete Frequencies (Tones) Informative .10 Appendix E. Example Calculation of AHRI Sound Quality Indicator Informative 11 Appendix F. Example Output from AHRI Calculation Software Including AHRI SQI Metric and Zwicker ISO

9、532B Loudness Metrics Informative .12 Appendix G. Tone Prominence Calculation - Informative .13 TABLES FOR APPENDICES Table C1. Rating Indices 7 Table D1. One-third Octave Band Adjustments for Tone Response .10 Table E1. Example Calculation of AHRI Sound Quality Indicator (SQI) .11 AHRI STANDARD 114

10、0-2012 1 SOUND QUALITY EVALUATION PROCEDURES FOR AIR-CONDITIONING AND REFRIGERATION EQUIPMENT Section 1. Purpose 1.1 Purpose. The purpose of this standard is to establish sound quality evaluation procedures for air-conditioning and refrigeration equipment and to provide definitions; test requirement

11、s; sound quality evaluation procedures; minimum data requirements for Published Ratings; and conformance conditions. 1.1.1 Intent. This standard is intended for the guidance of the industry, including manufacturers, engineers, installers, contractors and users. 1.1.2 Review and Amendment. This stand

12、ard is subject to review and amendment as technology advances. Section 2. Scope 2.1 Scope. This standard applies to factory-made, residential and commercial air-conditioning as well as transport refrigeration equipment. Section 3. Definitions All terms in this document shall follow the standard indu

13、stry definitions in the current edition of ASHRAE Terminology of Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning and Refrigeration unless otherwise defined in this section. 3.1 Center Frequency. The arithmetic center of a constant bandwidth filter or the geometric center (midpoint on a logarithmic scale) of

14、a constant bandwidth filter. Each Octave Band or One-third Octave Band is named for the Center Frequency (geometric mean) of the band. 3.2 Loudness. Numerical designation of the strength of a sound which is proportional to its subjective magnitude as estimated by typical observers. 3.2.1 Phon. The L

15、oudness level of a sound. It is numerically equal to the Sound Pressure Level of a 1 kHz free progressive wave which is judged by listeners with full hearing capability to be as loud as the unknown sound. 3.2.2 Sone. A linear unit of Loudness. The ratio of Loudness of a sound to that of a 1 kHz tone

16、 40 dB above the threshold of hearing. One Sone is the Loudness of a sound whose Loudness level is 40 Phons. 3.3 Octave Band (Hz). A band of sound covering a range of frequencies such that the highest is twice the lowest. The Octave Bands used in this standard are those defined in ANSI Standard S1.1

17、1. 3.4 One-third Octave Band (Hz). A band of sound covering a range of frequencies such that the highest frequency is the cube root of two times the lowest. The One-third Octave Bands used in this standard are those defined in ANSI Standard S1.11. 3.5 Published Rating. A statement of the assigned va

18、lues of those performance characteristics, under stated Rating Conditions, by which a unit may be chosen to fit its application. These values apply to all units of like nominal size and type (identification) produced by the same manufacturer. The term Published Rating includes the rating of all perf

19、ormance characteristics shown on the unit or published in specifications, advertising or other literature controlled by the manufacturer, at stated Rating Conditions. 3.5.1 Application Rating. A rating based on tests performed at application Rating Conditions (other than Standard Rating Conditions).

20、 AHRI STANDARD 1140-2012 2 3.5.2 Standard Rating. A rating based on tests performed at Standard Rating Conditions. 3.6 Rating Conditions. Any set of operating conditions under which a single level of performance results, and which cause only that level of performance to occur. 3.6.1 Standard Rating

21、Conditions. Rating Conditions used as the basis of comparison for performance characteristics. 3.7 “Shall“ or “Should.“ “Shall“ or “should“ shall be interpreted as follows: 3.7.1 Shall. Where “shall“ or “shall not“ is used for a provision specified, that provision is mandatory if compliance with the

22、 standard is claimed. 3.7.2 Should. “Should“ is used to indicate provisions which are not mandatory but which are desirable as good practice. 3.8 Sound Power Level, LW. Ten times the logarithm to the base ten of the ratio of the sound power radiated by the source to a reference sound power, expresse

23、d in decibels, dB. The reference sound power used in this standard is 1 picowatt, pW. 3.8.1 A-weighted Sound Power Level, LWA. The logarithmic summation of A-weighted, one-third octave band Sound Power Levels. 3.9 Sound Pressure Level, LP. Twenty times the logarithm to the base ten of the ratio of a

24、 given sound pressure to a reference sound pressure of 20 Pa, expressed in decibels, dB. 3.9.1 A-weighted Sound Pressure Level, LPA. The logarithmic summation of A-weighted, one-third octave band Sound Pressure Levels. 3.10 Sound Quality Indicator (SQI). The calculated metric determined when followi

25、ng AHRIs procedure for quantifying sound quality (Appendix C) whereby measured sound levels are weighted to adjust for psychoacoustic sensitivity to frequency distribution and any discreet tones which may be present and then converted to a single number Sound Quality Indicator. Section 4. Test Requi

26、rements 4.1 Test Requirements. When available, data obtained following standard AHRI/ISO sound rating procedures for the product under test shall be used for the sound quality evaluation. In some cases, it may be necessary to obtain data for the sound quality evaluation in test environments other th

27、an those required by the sound rating standard for the product of interest. In these instances, the product under test shall be operating such that it meets the AHRI thermal test and rating point for the condition being evaluated. The test environment and test method shall be clearly described. Sect

28、ion 5. Sound Quality Evaluation Procedures 5.1 AHRI Calculation Procedure. The AHRI calculation procedure is derived from the work of R.J. Wells and W.E. Blazier, A Procedure for Computing The Subjective Reaction To Complex Noise From Sound Power Data, and is the preferred method of assessing the qu

29、ality of sound for products within the scope of this standard. This method utilizes one-third octave band sound power data obtained in conformance with the appropriate AHRI sound measurement standard for the product under test. These measured levels are weighted to adjust for psychoacoustic sensitiv

30、ity to frequency distribution and any discreet tones which may be present; and then, they are converted to a single number Sound Quality Indicator (SQI). A description of the AHRI calculation procedure is included as Appendix C, and an example of the use of this method is included as Appendix E. 5.2

31、 ISO 532 Method B (Zwicker). This standard specifies a method for calculating the Loudness of steady complex sounds for which one-third octave band data have been obtained. Method B is applicable not only to sounds with smooth broadband AHRI STANDARD 1140-2012 3 spectra but also to sounds with stron

32、g line spectra or irregular spectra. The Loudness level in Phons and Loudness in Sones are determined when using Method B. 5.3 Interpretation of Rating Indicators. SQI, Sones and Phons provide a convenient method by which complex sounds of various levels and spectra may be ordered and compared on a

33、scale of subjective magnitude. Comparisons should be made only between products from the same or similar product family and thermal capacity. In general, the higher the level of the quality descriptor for a given product, the lower in sound quality it would be judged on a subjective basis. To this e

34、nd, these methods provide a means to evaluate the quality of product sound. A spreadsheet that will calculate the SQI, Phon, and Sone Loudness levels simultaneously on the same data set is available with this standard. An example of this worksheet is included as Appendix F. Section 6. Minimum Data R

35、equirements for Published Values 6.1 Minimum Data Requirements for Published Sound Quality Values. When this standard is used to determine AHRI sound quality values, the values based on this standard are identified by the pertinent AHRI sound standard. As a minimum, all claims to values obtained sha

36、ll include the statement “AHRI sound quality values determined in accordance with the applicable AHRI standard.” Wherever application sound quality values are published or printed, they shall include a statement of the conditions at which the values apply. 6.2 Published Values. When Standard Rating

37、Conditions have been established for the equipment by the applicable AHRI standard, sound quality values may be published for the equipment if tested at those conditions. When Standard Rating Conditions have not been established by the appropriate AHRI sound standard, application sound quality value

38、s may be published and shall include a statement of the thermal conditions for which the values apply. 6.2.1 Application Sound Quality Values. Application sound quality values for conditions other than Standard Ratings shall be based on tests conducted with all components required to produce the app

39、lication Rating Condition operating at the speed and power levels required to produce that rating. 6.2.2 Standard Sound Quality Values. Standard sound quality values shall be based on sound tests conducted with all components required to produce the Standard Rating Condition operating at the speed a

40、nd power levels required to produce that rating. Section 7. Conformance Conditions 7.1 Conformance. While conformance with this standard is voluntary, conformance shall not be claimed or implied for products or equipment within the standards Purpose (Section 1) and Scope (Section 2) unless such prod

41、uct claims meet all of the requirements of the standard and all of the testing and rating requirements are measured and reported in complete compliance with the standard. Any product that has not met all the requirements of the standard shall not reference, state, or acknowledge the standard in any

42、written, oral, or electronic communication. AHRI STANDARD 1140-2012 4 APPENDIX A. REFERENCES NORMATIVE A1 Listed here are all standards, handbooks and other publications essential to the formation and implementation of the standard. All references in this appendix are considered as part of the stand

43、ard. A1.1 ANSI Standard S1.11-2004 (R2009), Specification for Octave-Band and Fractional-Octave-Band Analog and Digital Filters, 2004, American National Standards Institute, 11 West 42nd Street, New York, NY 10036, U.S.A. A1.2 ASHRAE Terminology of Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning and Refriger

44、ation, Second Edition, 1991, American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc., 1791 Tullie Circle N.E., Atlanta, GA 30329, U.S.A. A1.3 ASHRAE Transactions, A Procedure for Computing The Subjective Reaction To Complex Noise From Sound Power Data, Blazier and Wells, 1963

45、, American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc., 1791 Tullie Circle N.E., Atlanta, GA 30329, U.S.A. A1.4 ISO 532-1975, Acoustic Methods for Calculating Loudness Level, 1975, International Organization for Standardization, 1, rue de Varembe, Case Postale 56 CH-1211 G

46、eneva 20, Switzerland. APPENDIX B. REFERENCES INFORMATIVE B1.1 ANSI Standard S12.10-2010, Acoustics Measurement of Airborne Noise Emitted by Information Technology and Telecommunications Equipment Part 1: Determination of Sound Power Level and Emission Sound Pressure Level, 2010, American National S

47、tandards Institute, 35 Pinelawn Road, Melville, NY 11747, U.S.A. _AHRI STANDARD 1140-2012 5 APPENDIX C. AHRI SOUND QUALITY INDICATOR CALCULATION PROCEDURE NORMATIVE C1 Overview. The purpose of this appendix is to provide a procedure for determining the AHRI Sound Quality Indicator (SQI). AHRIs sound

48、 quality calculation procedure is based upon the Perceived Noise Level (PNL) calculation procedure, but adjusted on a one-third octave band basis, to reflect subjective response to the presence of discrete frequency components. It performs this adjustment by analyzing measured one-third octave band

49、data in groups of three bands. The magnitude of each One-third Octave Band in the data set is compared to the arithmetic average of the magnitude of its two adjacent One-third Octave Bands. Whenever the magnitude of the octave band of interest exceeds the average of its two adjacent octave bands by more than 1.5 dB, an adjustment is made to the octave band of interest. Once each One-third Octave Band in the data set has been evaluated and adjusted, where necessary, to account for subjecti