AASHTO TIA-2002 Transportation Invest in America Tea-21 Reauthorization Recommendations《美国交通投资.TEA-21再授权法案.修改件1》.pdf

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1、TEA-21 REAUTHORIZATION POLICYRECOMMENDATIONS AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF STATE HIGHWAY AND TRANSPORTATION OFFICIALSTION POLICY TIONSTRANSPORTATIONINVEST IN AMERICA“TRANSPORTATION IS PIVITOL TO BOTH OUR ECONOMIC SUCCESS AND OUR QUALITY OF LIFE.”REAUTHORIZATION POLICY OVERVIEW The national economy and our

2、 quality of lifedepend on good highways and transit. Federal transportation aid has enabled states andlocal governments to fund the system needed. TEA-21 resources are being invested well and aremaking a difference in every state. The current program structure, which features stateand local planning

3、 and decision-making, flexibility,and an intermodal approach, is working well andshould be retained. Security will require resources to reduce vulnerablities, and improve emergency responseand communications. Huge safety, preservation and capacity needs existthat will require more resources, funding

4、 guarantees, and financing innovation. Congestion relief can be provided through investments in operation and technology Environmental stewardship will emphasize responsive design, programmatic approaches to meet clean air, water and wildlife goals,enhancements, and land use coordination. Streamlini

5、ng environmental review is needed tospeed up program delivery. Funding research and technology transfer willaccelerate deployment of better solutions.NORMAN Y. MINETAU.S. SECRETARY OF TRANSPORTATION, 2002 2002 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reser

6、ved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.AASHTOS PRIORITY OBJECTIVES: GROW THE TEA-21 PROGRAM OVER THE NEXT SIX YEARS:HIGHWAYS $34 TO $41 BILLION. TRANSIT $7.5 TO $10 BILLION. MAINTAIN FUNDING GUARANTEES, FIREWALLS AND FIX RABA. RETAIN THE BASIC PROGRAM STRUCTURE. INCREASE FLEXIBILITY TO ME

7、ET PRIORITY NEEDS:SECURITY, SAFETY, CONGESTION RELIEF, FREIGHT,PRESERVATION AND CAPACITY. IMPROVE ENVIRONMENTAL STEWARDSHIP AND STREAMLINING. 2002 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TEA-21:RECORD

8、-LEVEL,GUARANTEED FUNDINGIn 1998, Congress enacted the six-year TransportationEquity Act for the 21st Century (TEA-21), whichincreased federal investment in highways and transitclose to 40 percent: highways guaranteed at $171 billion and transit guaranteed at $36 billion. This boost in federal assis

9、tance has enabled states,counties and cities to accelerate repairs to highwaysand increase capacity. New transit rail service andmodernized bus fleets funded through TEA-21 havehelped transit ridership reach record levels. Saferfacilities have been built and the rate of fatalitiesreduced. Access to

10、jobs has improved and environmental enhancements have been built in14,000 communities.Federal Aid Highway Obligations 1998-2003Guaranteed Transit Obligations1998-2003TEA-21 at WorkSalt Lakes I-15 Interstate Highway Project and TRAXLight Rail Project built in time for AmericasWinter Olympics are two

11、of many TEA-21 success stories. Utah DOTs $1.6 billion design/buildrenovation of I-15 rebuilt 17 miles of freeway and142 bridges, increasing its capacity from six to 12 lanes. It was completed in 4.5 years, nearly halfthe time usually required. Salt Lakes transit projectwas completed 13 months ahead

12、 of schedule and $20 million under budget. With 23 whisper-quietlight rail cars in operation,TRAX carries about18,400 one-way passengers each day.Trax light rail. Secretary Norman Minetaat I-15 grand opening.2 2002 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights

13、reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.FINANCING OUR FUTURE TRANSPORTATIONNEEDSTo sustain a strong economy and meet the basicmobility needs of all citizens, Congress is urged tofund a highway program which increases from $34 billion in FY 2004 to at least $41 billion in FY 2009, and

14、a transit program which grows from $7.5 billion in FY 2004 to at least $10 billion in FY 2009. How these levels of funding can beachieved is described on the next page. Meanwhilethere are several funding principles for highways andtransit which should also be addressed in the next bill.Highway Fundi

15、ng Principles Maintain Funding Guarantees, Firewalls and Fix RABA: Congress should preserve TEA-21s highway funding guarantees and fire-walls. The Revenue Aligned Budget Authority(RABA) mechanism should be refined to avoidradical swings in funding. Retain the Basic Program Structure: TEA-21,which in

16、cludes national programs and theInterstate Maintenance, Bridge, National HighwaySystem, Surface Transportation, and CongestionMitigation/Air Quality Programs distributed by formula to the states is working well and should be retained. Increase Flexibility to Meet Priority Needs:Greater flexibility a

17、nd expanded eligibility shouldbe used to address priority needs, rather than establishing new set-asides and sub-allocations. Innovative Finance: Congress should makeimprovements to current innovative project financing techniques, including the expansion ofState Infrastructure Bank eligibility to al

18、l states and lowering the TIFIA threshold from $100 million to $50 million. Transit Funding Principles Maintain Transit Funding Guarantees and the80/20 Rate of Match: Annual transit funding guarantees should be maintained, and the currentmatching share for transit retained at 80/20. Ability to Flex

19、Funding: The current ability to flex funding from highways to transit, and vice versa, should be retained.Highway and Transit Funding TargetsBecause AASHTO concurs with the need for evenhigher levels of funding, such as $14 billion for transitand $50 billion for highways, where feasible, we urgeCong

20、ress enact increases to the highest level possible.“Do Nothing” ScenarioIf we ask Congress to “do nothing,” the HighwayTrust Fund will grow only due to expanded economicactivity, estimated at two percent per year. Startingwith a baseline of $28.9 billion, as provided in the FY 2003 Senate Budget Res

21、olution, the programwould increase to 32.5 billion by 2009. This yields$190 billion an 11 percent increase over TEA-21stotal of $171 billion. While the “do nothing” scenario can expand the program by 11 percent, it is projected that the purchasing power of the currenthighway taxes will decline by 26

22、 percent from 1996 to2009 resulting in a real decline from current fundinglevels.Erosion of the Purchasing Power of the Federal Excise Tax on Gasoline Due to Inflation3 2002 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of a

23、pplicable law.Transit Funding Possible Through Trust Funds,TFC and General FundHighway Obligations Made Possible ThroughAASHTO Reauthorization ProposalFINANCING OUR FUTURE TRANSPORTATIONNEEDSOptions to Achieve AASHTOs Goal of $41 Billion for Highways, $10 Billion forTransitTo address the challenges

24、of easing congestion, pre-serving our system and supporting the transportationdemands of our economy, AASHTO has proposedramping-up federal highway funding from $34 to $41 billion, and transit funding from $7.5 to $10 billion over six years.Step One: Analyze Revenue OptionsOptions exist that could i

25、ncrease the Highway TrustFund by an additional $10 billion to $25 billion.These include tapping Highway Trust Fund reservesand interest, gasohol transfers, indexing and raisingfuel taxes.Step Two: Analyze LeveragingLeveraging revenues through a new federally-chartedTransportation Finance Corporation

26、 (TFC) is onesolution for meeting our funding objectives. Throughbonding, $18 billion in revenue could be more thandoubled to generate program increases of: $34 billion for highways; $8.5 billion for transit; and $5 billion for other needs.When combined with current funding and incremen-tal growth,

27、such leveraging could generate a six-year federal program level in highway and transit of: Total TEA 3 program $280 billion.As shown by the table on the opposite page, throughleveraging, every state would achieve a minimum 95 percent return on the state payments made intothe Highway Trust Fund.4 200

28、2 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.StateTEA-21* (1998-2003) TEA-3* (2004-2009)State Distributions ($ thousands)Return on State PaymentsState Distributions ($ thousands)*Return on State Payments

29、Alabama 3,425,709 0.92 4,609,716 1.10Alaska 1,996,313 5.74 2,686,286 6.23Arizona 2,770,715 0.85 3,728,340 0.98Arkansas 2,238,033 0.96 3,011,550 1.11California 15,574,911 0.92 20,957,971 1.06Colorado 1,969,861 0.87 2,650,692 0.96Connecticut 2,546,817 1.41 3,427,058 1.68Delaware 740,164 1.62 995,982 1

30、.91District of Columbia 665,637 3.48 895,698 4.06Florida 7,947,950 0.89 10,694,951 1.05Georgia 5,979,806 0.86 8,046,569 1.04Hawaii 871,226 2.23 1,172,343 2.59Idaho 1,304,341 1.42 1,755,153 1.50Illinois 5,678,619 0.94 7,641,285 1.11Indiana 4,087,703 0.90 5,500,511 1.10Iowa 2,022,671 0.98 2,721,755 1.

31、18Kansas 1,966,523 0.98 2,646,200 1.17Kentucky 2,984,007 0.91 4,015,351 1.06Louisiana 2,731,686 0.88 3,675,822 1.07Maine 895,367 0.94 1,204,827 1.13Maryland 2,670,549 0.88 3,593,554 1.01Massachusetts 3,148,945 0.98 4,237,295 1.19Michigan 5,440,215 0.90 7,320,483 1.04Minnesota 2,516,562 1.09 3,386,34

32、6 1.28Mississippi 2,096,841 0.85 2,821,559 1.01Missouri 4,085,751 0.95 5,497,884 1.12Montana 1,660,909 2.15 2,234,959 2.44Nebraska 1,306,489 0.93 1,758,043 1.12 Nevada 1,219,287 1.06 1,640,702 1.17New Hampshire 870,140 1.08 1,170,881 1.30New Jersey 4,439,457 0.90 5,973,839 1.06New Mexico 1,653,704 1

33、.14 2,225,263 1.26 New York 8,675,535 1.19 11,674,007 1.43 North Carolina 4,762,499 0.90 6,408,532 1.07 North Dakota 1,098,828 1.92 1,478,609 2.23 Ohio 5,907,790 0.87 7,949,664 1.05 Oklahoma 2,603,738 0.89 3,503,651 1.07 Oregon 2,076,976 1.01 2,794,829 1.12 Pennsylvania 8,497,502 1.17 11,434,441 1.4

34、1 Rhode Island 1,005,101 2.20 1,352,488 2.52 South Carolina 2,771,455 0.87 3,729,336 1.03 South Dakota 1,223,157 2.09 1,645,910 2.49Tennessee 3,853,081 0.90 5,184,798 1.04Texas 12,626,894 0.85 16,991,049 1.01Utah 1,330,482 1.14 1,790,328 1.10Vermont 765,442 1.90 1,029,997 2.24Virginia 4,347,180 0.89

35、 5,849,669 1.03Washington 3,023,415 0.93 4,068,379 1.06West Virginia 1,899,823 1.49 2,556,447 1.77Wisconsin 3,342,247 0.95 4,497,408 1.14Wyoming 1,166,767 1.51 1,570,029 1.59Total 170,484,821 .99 229,408,440 1.16“* TEA-21 actual data through 2002, approximate 2003; includes RABA* TEA-3 distributions

36、 consistent with AASHTOs financing concept presented to the Board of Directors in the Spring of 2002. Distributionsbased on TEA-21 formula shares without any changes. TEA-3 funding doesnt assume any gas tax rate increases.* Estimated dollars 1/3 of 1% higher than April estimates due to updated infor

37、mation from Treasury records.GROWING THE HIGHWAY PROGRAM 35 PERCENT5 2002 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.SECURITYThe tragic events of September 11 have compelled usto consider how to secure A

38、mericas transportationassets from acts of terrorism. Protecting the travelingpublic requires a systematic evaluation of vulnerabili-ties and measures to improve emergency responsecapabilities, upgrade traffic management during crises,and enhance communications among the public, themilitary, law enfo

39、rcement and rescue services.Preventing terrorists attacks on our transportation sys-tem is only one element of homeland security. Othersinclude improving security from natural disasters,expediting the deployment of military units andenhancing economic security by keeping Americamoving. Achieving the

40、se goals requires: Promoting continued interagency cooperation onkey defense corridors. Protection of critical, security-related infrastruc-ture, structural hardening of key facilities, andincreased funding for motor carrier security. Providing resources for emergency preparednessand improved respon

41、se capabilities for security,hazardous materials and safety-related incidents.As important as these priorities are, states in tighttimes do not have the means to fund more. Meetingsurface transportation security needs will require atleast $3 billion in homeland security funding and an additional $3

42、billion through increased Highway Trust Fund revenues.SAFETYDuring the last decade, about 41,000 Americans havebeen killed and 3.25 million injured each year inmotor vehicle crashes. In addition to the human toll,crashes cost the nation $230 billion annually in med-ical expenses and lost productivit

43、y.Reducing deaths and injuries requires a three-partstrategy: Dedicating $1 billion per year to safety from additional Highway Trust Fund resources, channeled through existing programs, with each states share allocated according to a comprehensive safety plan. This could includeincreasing seat belt

44、use and reducing drunk driving.It could include reducing crashes involving haz-ardous trees and dangerous intersections. And itcould mean roadway safety improvements such asrumble strips, brighter pavement markings, saferwork zones and ITS technologies. Consolidating several safety grant programs in

45、to asingle, flexible Section 402 highway safety programthat would be goal-oriented and performancebased. Increasing the effectiveness of the Surface Transportation Programs 10 percent set-aside by linking its use to transportation plansand providing states with increased flexibility.POLICY RECOMMEND

46、ATIONS6 2002 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.CONGESTION RELIEFToo many Americans are spending time stuck in traffic. Congestion deeply affects our nations ability to move goods and services an

47、d threatens the healthof our economy. The “solution,” to congestion, according to therespected Texas Transportation Institute, must includea “diverse set of options.” More highways and moretransit must be a top priority. But additional optionscan help including: incident management to clearaccidents

48、 faster; better traveler information; HOVlanes; ramp metering; and staggered work hours.Development friendly to walking, biking and transitcan help reduce trips by car. Funding should beincreased for the STP and CMAQ programs.Congress should simplify the rules for operationalinvestments and ITS proc

49、urement. It should also pro-vide $140 million annually in funding for ITS deploy-ment to advance new technologies, such as the 511travelers information system, CVISN to expeditetruck cargo movement, and road weather monitoringand reporting.FREIGHTOver the next 20 years, international trade is expected to triple and domestic freight to double.E-business has not reduced volume but has trans-formed it as warehouses have moved onto the roadsand deliveries are made in every neighborhood. Thecapacity of highways, rail, waterw