AASHTO R 44-2007 Standard Practice for Independent Assurance (IA) Programs《规范特殊项目的标准办法》.pdf
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1、Standard Practice for Independent Assurance (IA) Programs AASHTO Designation: R 44-07 (2012) American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials 444 North Capitol Street N.W., Suite 249 Washington, D.C. 20001 TS-5c R 44-1 AASHTO Standard Practice for Independent Assurance (IA) Program
2、s AASHTO Designation: R 44-07 (2012) 1. SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS 1.1. Independent Assurance (IA)Independent assurance is used in industry as an internal audit and review to support the accuracy of data and processes. In the highway industry, it is the outgrowth of a report from the Congressional House
3、Committee on Oversights and Investigations (“Blatnik Committee”) that requires state departments of transportation (DOTs) to perform IA sampling and testing whenever federal funds are involved. 1.2. Purpose of IAIndependent assurance is an unbiased and independent assessment of all sampling, testing
4、, and workmanship. This assessment includes evaluation of procedures and equipment used for the acceptance of highway materials and construction. 23 CFR Part 637 requires each state to have an IA Program. Independent assurance is used for verification of sampling procedures, testing procedures, and
5、testing equipment. 1.3. Independent assurance is distinct from, and not intended as an acceptance process or for use in, verification of contractor sampling and testing results. Independent assurance is distinct from, and not intended for, quality control (QC) purposes. If IA results indicate a pote
6、ntial problem with quality, the results may be used to initiate additional testing. 1.4. Independent assurance sampling shall be done in such a manner as to minimize variability. In order to eliminate material and process variability, split samples should be used. Independent assurance samples may b
7、e taken independently of verification or acceptance samples, or may be a split of a verification or an acceptance sample. 1.5. Deficiencies in acceptance or QC processes that are identified through the IA program must be investigated and resolved. Otherwise, there is no purpose in identifying defici
8、encies. 1.6. This standard practice is applicable to design/build and warranty specifications as well as more conventional contracting methods. As a management principle, IA is a responsibility of the DOT that cannot be delegated to the contractor. (For example, contractors shall not hire their own
9、IA inspectors or testers.) 1.7. Independent assurance is an essential tool that helps to ensure integrity within the quality assurance (QA) program. Independent assurance helps to prevent fraud and other criminal activities by evaluating sampling and testing procedures and competency. Independent as
10、surance must be consistent throughout the agency. (It keeps the honest people honest by providing a “level playing field” for all contractors.) Note 1Many of the principles included herein have universal application. Although this standard practice for IA programs is developed specifically for const
11、ruction materials, it can be applied to other processes. The principles inherent in the use of unbiased, consistent, and reliable information are applicable for any management effort. For example, construction workmanship is frequently inspected by either measurement or examination. 2016 by the Amer
12、ican Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-5c R 44-2 AASHTO 2. REFERENCED DOCUMENTS 2.1. AASHTO Standards: R 9, Acceptance Sampling Plans for Highway Construction R 10, Definition of Terms Related to Quality an
13、d Statistics as Used in Highway Construction R 18, Establishing and Implementing a Quality Management System for Construction Materials Testing Laboratories R 25, Technician Training and Qualification Programs R 38, Quality Assurance of Standard Manufactured Materials 2.2. ASTM Standards: D3665, Sta
14、ndard Practice for Random Sampling of Construction Materials E177, Standard Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods 2.3. Other Documents: FHWA NHI-02-022, Materials Control and AcceptanceQuality Assurance, NHI Course No. 134042, Federal Highway Administration, December
15、2000 FHWA-RD-02-095, Optimal Procedures for Quality Assurance Specifications, Federal Highway Administration, 2003 FHWA Technical Advisory T 6120.3, Use of Contractor Test Results in the Acceptance Decision, Recommended Quality Measures, and the Identification of Contractor/Department Risks, HIPT-10
16、, August 2004 Final Rule, 23 CFR 637, Quality Assurance Procedures for Construction, Federal Register: June 29, 1995 (Vol. 60, Number 125, 33712) Title 23 Code of Federal Regulations, Part 637, Subpart B, Quality Assurance Procedures for Construction Revised as of April 1, 2003, CITE: 23 CFR 637 Tra
17、nsportation Research Circular E-C074, Glossary of Highway Quality Assurance Terms, Transportation Research Board, 2005 2.4. Web Sites: http:/www.fhwa.dot.gov/pavement/0637bsup.cfm http:/www.fhwa.dot.gov/pavement/materials/matqa.cfm#labqual 3. TERMINOLOGY (REFERENCE R 10) 3.1. acceptance sampling and
18、 testingsampling and testing performed by the agency, or its designated agent, to evaluate acceptability of the final product. Also called “verification sampling and testing” when specifically used to validate the contractors data. 3.2. accredited laboratorieslaboratories that are recognized by a fo
19、rmal accrediting body as meeting quality system requirements, including demonstrated competence to perform standard test procedures. 3.3. certified techniciana technician certified by some agency as proficient in performing certain duties. A certified technician is considered to be qualified. A qual
20、ified technician may or may not be certified. 3.4. independent assurance (IA)activities that are an unbiased and independent evaluation of all the sampling and testing (or inspection) procedures used in the QA program. Independent assurance provides an independent verification of the reliability of
21、the acceptance (or verification) data 2016 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-5c R 44-3 AASHTO obtained by the agency and the data obtained by the contractor. The results of IA testing or ins
22、pection are not to be used as a basis of acceptance. Independent assurance provides information for quality system management. 3.5. independent samplea sample taken without regard to any other sample that may also have been taken to represent the material in question. An independent sample is someti
23、mes taken to verify an acceptance decision. This is possible because the data sets from independent samples, unlike those from split samples, each contain independent information reflecting all sources of variability, i.e., sampling, testing, materials, and construction. 3.6. quality assurance (QA)(
24、1) all those planned and systematic actions necessary to provide confidence that a product or facility will perform satisfactorily in service; or (2) making sure the quality of a product is what it should be. QA addresses the overall process of obtaining the quality of a service, product, or facilit
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