AASHTO M 103M M 103-2012 Standard Specification for Steel Castings Carbon for General Application.pdf

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1、Standard Specification for Steel Castings, Carbon, for General Application AASHTO Designation: M 103M/M 103-12 (2016) Release: Group 2 (June 2016) ASTM Designation: A27/A27M-10 American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials 444 North Capitol Street NW, Suite 249 Washington, DC 20

2、001TS-4h M 103M/M 103-1 AASHTO Standard Specification for Steel Castings, Carbon, for General Application AASHTO Designation: M 103M/M 103-12 (2016) Release: Group 2 (June 2016) ASTM Designation: A27/A27M-10 1. SCOPE 1.1. This specification covers carbon steel castings for general applications that

3、require up to 485 MPa 70 ksi minimum tensile strength. Note 1The grades covered by this specification represent materials that are suitable for assembly with other steel castings or wrought steel parts by fusion welding. It is not intended to imply that all these grades possess the same degree of we

4、ldability or that the same welding techniques can be used on all castings. It is the responsibility of the purchaser to establish for himself a suitable welding technique. 1.2. Several grades and two classes of steel castings are covered, as indicated below. The grade and class desired shall be spec

5、ified by the purchaser. 1.2.1. Grade N-1Chemical analysis only. 1.2.2. Grade N-2Heat treated but not mechanically tested. 1.2.3. Grade U-415-205 60-30Mechanically tested but not heat treated. 1.2.4. Grades 415-205 60-30, 450-240 65-35, 485-250 70-36, and 485-275 70-40Heat treated and mechanically te

6、sted. 1.2.5. Class 1 and Class 2 steel castings shall be specified in accordance with Section 9.2. 1.3. This specification is applicable to orders in either SI units (as M 103M) or inch-pound units (as M 103). The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as

7、standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard. Inch-pound units are shown in brackets in the text for clarity, but they are

8、 the applicable values when the material is ordered to M 103. 1.4. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the appli

9、cability or regulatory limitations prior to use. 2. REFERENCED DOCUMENTS 2.1. AASHTO Standard: T 244, Mechanical Testing of Steel Products 2016 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-4h M 103M/M

10、103-2 AASHTO 2.2. ASTM Standards: A732/A732M, Standard Specification for Castings, Investment, Carbon and Low Alloy Steel for General Application, and Cobalt Alloy for High Strength at Elevated Temperatures A781/A781M, Standard Specification for Castings, Steel and Alloy, Common Requirements, for Ge

11、neral Industrial Use A957/A957M, Standard Specification for Investment Castings, Steel and Alloy, Common Requirements, for General Industrial Use E527, Standard Practice for Numbering Metals and Alloys in the Unified Numbering System (UNS) 3. GENERAL CONDITIONS FOR DELIVERY 3.1. Except for steel inv

12、estment castings, material furnished to this specification shall conform to the requirements of ASTM A781/A781M, including any supplementary requirements that are indicated on the purchase order. Failure to comply with the general requirements of ASTM A781/A781M constitutes nonconformance with the s

13、pecification. In case of a conflict between this specification and ASTM A781/A781M, this specification shall prevail. 3.2. Steel investment castings furnished to this specification shall conform to the requirements of ASTM A957/A957M, including any supplementary requirements that are indicated in th

14、e purchase order. Failure to comply with the common requirements of ASTM A957/A957M constitutes nonconformance with the specification. In case of a conflict between the requirements of this specification and ASTM A957/A957M, ASTM A957/A957M shall prevail. 4. ORDERING INFORMATION 4.1. Orders for mate

15、rial under this specification should include the following information in proper sequence: 4.1.1. Quantity; 4.1.2. Specification, grade (Section 1.2), and class (Section 9.2); 4.1.3. Description of the casting by pattern number or drawing; 4.1.4. Options in the specification; and 4.1.5. Supplementar

16、y requirements desired, including standards of acceptance. 5. HEAT TREATMENT 5.1. All castings of Grades N-2, 415-205 60-30, 450-240 65-35, 485-250 70-36, and 485-275 70-40 shall be heat treated by full annealing, normalizing, normalizing and tempering, or quenching and tempering. Unless otherwise s

17、pecified in the inquiry, contract, or order, the castings may be heat treated by any one or combination of these heat treatments at the option of the manufacturer. 5.1.1. Heat treatment shall be performed after castings have been allowed to cool from the pouring temperature to below the transformati

18、on range. 5.2. Furnace temperatures for heat treating shall be regulated by the use of pyrometers. 2016 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-4h M 103M/M 103-3 AASHTO 6. CHEMICAL COMPOSITION 6.1

19、. The steel shall conform to the requirements regarding chemical composition prescribed in Table 1. Product analysis tolerances shall conform to the Product Analysis Tolerances shown in ASTM A781/A781M. When residual element chemical content is of interest to the purchaser, S54 may be considered. Ta

20、ble 1Chemical Requirements Composition, % Grade (UNS No.)aCarbon,bMax Manganese,bMax Silicon, Max Sulfur, Max Phosphorus, Max Grade N-1 (J02500) 0.25 0.75 0.80 0.035 0.035 Grade N-2 (J03500) 0.35 0.60 0.80 0.035 0.035 Grade U-415-205 60-30 (J02500) 0.25 0.75 0.80 0.035 0.035 Grade 415-205 60-30 (J03

21、000) 0.30 0.60 0.80 0.035 0.035 Grade 450-240 65-35 (J03001) 0.30 0.70 0.80 0.035 0.035 Grade 485-250 70-36 (J03501) 0.35 0.70 0.80 0.035 0.035 Grade 485-275 70-40 (J02501) 0.25 1.20 0.80 0.035 0.035 aSpecify Class 1 or Class 2 in addition to grade designation. (See Section 9.2.) bFor each reduction

22、 of 0.01 percent carbon below the maximum specified, an increase of 0.04 percent manganese above the maximum specified will be permitted to a maximum of 1.40 percent for Grade 485-275 70-40 and 1.00 percent for the other grades. 7. TENSILE PROPERTIES 7.1. Except for Grades N-1 and N-2, one tension t

23、est shall be performed on each heat, and the mechanical properties thus determined shall conform to the requirements specified in Table 2. The tension test shall be performed in accordance with T 244. Table 2Tensile Requirements Grade aTensile Strength, Min, MPa ksi Yield Strength, Min, MPa ksi Elon

24、gation in 50 mm 2 in., Min, %bReduction of Area, Min, % Grade U-415-205 60-30 415 60 205 30 22 30 Grade 415-205 60-30 415 60 205 30 24 35 Grade 450-240 65-35 450 65 240 35 24 35 Grade 485-250 70-36 485 70 250 36 22 30 Grade 485-275 70-40c485 70 275 40 22 30 aSpecify Class 1 or Class 2 in addition to

25、 grade designation. (See Section 9.2.) bWhen ICI test bars are used in tensile testing as provided for in this specification, the gauge length to reduced section diameter ratio shall be 4:1. cGrade 485-275 70-40 may be used to meet the requirement of Grade 485-250 70-36 when agreed on between the ma

26、nufacturer and the purchaser. 7.2. Test bars shall be poured in special blocks similar to those shown in Figure 1 of ASTM A781/A781M and from the same heat as the casting represented. 7.3. Test coupons may be cut from the heat-treated (if required) castings or cast integrally with the castings at th

27、e producers option. 7.4. The test bars for heat-treated castings shall be heat treated in production furnaces to the same procedure as the castings they represent. When specified by the purchaser, the test bars shall be heat treated with the castings. 2016 by the American Association of State Highwa

28、y and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-4h M 103M/M 103-4 AASHTO 7.5. Test specimens shall be machined to the form and dimensions shown in Figure 4 of T 244, with the ends machined to fit the grips on the tensile testing machine to be used

29、. Suggested types of ends for standard round tension test specimens are shown in Figure 5 of T 244. 7.6. If any specimen is machined improperly or if flaws are revealed by machining or during testing, the specimen may be discarded and another substituted from the same heat. 7.7. When this specificat

30、ion is applied to investment castings, test coupons and tension test specimens shall be obtained and prepared as directed in S3.2 of ASTM A732/A732M. Test coupons shall be heat treated as prescribed in Section 7.4. 8. RETESTS 8.1. If the results of the mechanical tests for any heat, lot, or casting

31、do not conform to the requirements specified, retests are permitted as outlined in T 244. At the manufacturers option, castings may be reheat treated and retested. When castings are reheat treated, they may not be reaustenitized more than three times without the approval of the purchaser. Testing af

32、ter reheat treatment shall consist of the full number of specimens taken from locations complying with the specification or order. 9. REWORK AND RETREATMENT 9.1. All welds shall be inspected to the same quality standards as were used to inspect the casting. 9.2. If postweld heat treatment is require

33、d, Class 1 must be specified along with the grade, and the welds to be heat treated must be defined. If postweld heat treatment is not required, Class 2 must be specified along with the grade. 10. KEYWORDS 10.1. Castings; general applications; steel. SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS A list of standardized

34、 supplementary requirements for use at the option of the purchaser is described in ASTM A781/A781M. Those that are considered suitable for use with this specification are listed below by title only. Additional supplementary requirements suitable for use with this specification at the option of the p

35、urchaser are described below. One or more of the supplementary requirements indicated below may be included in the purchasers order or contract. When so included, a supplementary requirement shall have the same force as if it were in the body of the specification. Supplementary requirements details

36、not fully described shall be agreed on between the purchaser and the supplier but shall not negate any of the requirements in the body of the specification. 2016 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable l

37、aw.TS-4h M 103M/M 103-5 AASHTO S1. MAGNETIC PARTICLE EXAMINATION S2. RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION S3. LIQUID PENETRANT EXAMINATION S4. ULTRASONIC EXAMINATION S6. CERTIFICATION S8. MARKING S9. CHARPY IMPACT TEST S10. HARDNESS TEST S12. TEST REPORT S13. UNSPECIFIED ELEMENTS S14. TENSION TEST FROM CASTINGS

38、 S51. PERMISSIBLE VARIATIONS IN DIMENSIONAL TOLERANCES FOR CASTINGS MADE FROM MOUNTED PATTERNS S51.1 Tolerances for commercial steel castings (Section S51.1.1) made from mounted patterns and the surfaces that are not to be machined shall be in accordance with Table S51.1. Metal match plate patterns

39、and precise molding methods can produce closer tolerances than the values shown in Table S51.1. Complex casting designs may require permissible variations different from those listed in Table S51.1. S51.1.1 The term “commercial castings” does not cover castings requiring special fixtures for gauging

40、, or finishing castings by grinding to special tolerance gauges beyond the normal requirements as listed in Table S51.1. Table S51.1Normally Expected Deviation of Linear Casting Dimensions from Design Dimensions Blueprint Dimensions, mm in. Tolerances, mm in. Up to 75 3, incl +3 +4/32 2 3/32 Over 75

41、 to 175 3 to 7, incl +4 +5/32 3 4/32 Over 175 to 500 7 to 20, incl +5 +6/32 4 5/32 Over 500 to 2500 20 to 100, incl +6 +8/32 5 6/32 2016 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-4h M 103M/M 103-6 A

42、ASHTO S52. GATE AND RISER PROJECTIONS FOR CASTINGS MADE FROM MOUNTED PATTERNS S52.1. Castings shall have gates and risers removed in a manner such that no riser or gate stub projects or a depression is made beyond or below the casting design contour in an amount that would exceed the values given in

43、 Table S52.1. Table S52.1Gate and Riser Projection Tolerances Riser or Gate, Max Dimension, mm in. Max Projection, mm in. Max Depression, mm in. Up to 100 4, incl 3 1/8 3 1/8 Over 100 to 200 4 to 8, incl 6 1/4 3 1/8 Over 200 to 500 8 to 20, incl 10 3/8 3 1/8 Over 500 to 750 20 to 30, incl 13 1/2 6 1

44、/4 Over 750 30 19 3/4 6 1/4 S53. MASS DEVIATION FOR CASTINGS MADE FROM MOUNTED PATTERNS S53.1. The allowable deviations from the average casting mass are shown in Table S53.1. Table S53.1Allowable Deviationafrom Average Casting Mass Casting Mass, kg lb Positive Deviation, % Negative Deviation, % Up

45、to 45 100, incl 8.0 8.0 Over 45 to 230 100 to 500, incl 6.5 5.0 Over 230 to 4540 500 to 10,000, incl 5.0 3.0 Over 4540 10,000 3.0 2.5 aDeviations do not apply to mass as calculated from a design drawing. S54. CHEMICAL ANALYSIS FOR RESIDUAL ELEMENTS S54.1. The manufacturer shall determine the percent

46、age of elements specified as follows, using procedures specified in ASTM A781/A781M. The chemical analysis thus determined shall conform to the following requirements: Copper, max, % 0.50 Nickel, max, % 0.50 Molybdenum, max, % 0.25 Chromium, max, % 0.50 S54.2. Total content of these residual elements, maximum percent 1.00. 2016 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.