ACI SP-222-2004 Recent Advances in Concrete Technology《混凝土技术的最新进展》.pdf

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1、2004 SEVENTH CANMET/ACI SEPTIME CANMET/ACI INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE INTERNATIONALE RECENT ADVANCES IN CONCRETE TECHNOLOGY PROGRS RCENTS DANS LE DOMAINE DE LA TECHNOLOGIE DU BTON EDITOR V. M. MALHOTRA RDACTEUR EN CHEF COMMITTEE FOR THE ORGANIZATION OF CANMET/ACI INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCES (AC1 Council

2、) Chairperson V. M. Malhotra CANMET/Natural Resources Canada Ottawa, ON Secretary- Treasurer Harry S. Wilson Consultant Ottawa, ON Members Theodore W. Bremner University of New Brunswick Fredericton, N3 Wilbert (Wib) Langley W.S. Langley Concrete and Materials Technology, Inc. Lower Sackville, NS No

3、el Mailvaganarn Institute for Research in Construction National Research Council Ottawa, ON Nelu Spiratos Handy Chemicals, Ltd. Candiac, QC Seventh CANMET/ACI International Conference on Recent Advances in Concrete Technology Editor V. Mohan Malhotra international - SP-222 First printing, May 2004 D

4、ISCUSSION of individual papers in this symposium may be submitted in accordance with general requirements of the AC1 Publication Policy to AC1 headquarters at the address given below. Closing date for submission of discussion is December 2004. All discussion approved by the Technical Activities Comm

5、ittee along with closing remarks by the authors will be published in the MarcWApril 2005 issue of either AC1 Structural Journal or Materials Journal depending on the subject emphasis of the individual paper. The Institute is not responsible for the statements or opinions expressed in its publication

6、s. Institute publications are not able to, nor intended to, supplant individual training, responsibility, or judgment of the user, or the supplier, of the information presented. The papers in this volume have been reviewed under Institute publication procedures by individuals expert in the subject a

7、reas of the papers. Copyright O 2004 AMERICAN CONCRETE INSTITUTE P.O. Box 9094 Farmington Hills, Michigan 48333-9094 All rights reserved, including rights of reproduction and use in any form or by any means, including the making of copies by any photo process, or by any electronic or mechanical devi

8、ce, printed or written or oral, or recording for sound or visual reproduction or for use in any knowledge or retrieval system or device, unless permission in writing is obtained from the copyright proprietors. Printed in the United States of America Editorial production: Lindsay K. Kennedy Library o

9、f Congress catalog card number: 2004104922 ISBN: 0-87031-147-6 PREFACE The Canada Centre for Mineral and Energy Technology (CANMET) of Natural Resources Canada, Ottawa, has played a significant role in Canada for over 40 years in the broad area of concrete technology. In recent years, CANMET has bec

10、ome increasingly involved in research and development dealing with supplementary cementing materials, high-performance normal-weight and lightweight concretes, and alkali-aggregate reactions. As a part of CANMETs technology transfer program, an international symposium on Advances in Concrete Technol

11、ogy was sponsored jointly with the American Concrete Institute and other organizations, and held in Athens in May 1992. In June 1995, CANMET, in association with the American Concrete Institute and other organizations in Canada and the United States, sponsored the Second CANMET/ACI International Sym

12、posium on Advances in Concrete Technology in Las Vegas, U.S.A. For the Athens symposium, CANMET publication “Advances in Concrete Technology” constituted the proceedings of the symposium; for the Las Vegas symposium, the proceedings were published by the American Concrete Institute as AC1 SP-154. In

13、 August 1997, CANMET, in association with the American Concrete Institute and other organizations in Canada and New Zealand, sponsored the Third CANMET/ACI International Symposium on Advances in Concrete Technology in Auckland, New Zealand. The symposium brought together representatives from industr

14、y, universities, and government agencies to present information on the latest advances and to explore new areas of needed research and development. Thirty-three refereed papers from 15 countries were presented. In addition to the refereed papers, more than 20 other papers were presented and distribu

15、ted at the symposium. The proceedings were published as AC1 SP-171. In June 1998, CANMET, in association with the American Concrete Institute, Japan Concrete Institute, and several other organizations in Canada and Japan, sponsored the Fourth CANMET/ACI International Conference on Recent Advances in

16、 Concrete Technology in Tokushima, Japan. More than 80 papers from 20 countries were received and reviewed in accordance with the publication policies of the American Concrete Institute. Sixty-one refereed papers were accepted for presentation at the conference and for publication as AC1 SP-179. In

17、addition to the refereed papers, more than 30 other papers were presented and distributed at the symposium. In July-August 2001, CANMET, in association with the American Concrete Institute and several organizations in Singapore, sponsored the Fifth CANMET/ACI International Conference on Recent Advan

18、ces in Concrete Technology in Singapore. More than 100 papers from more than 25 countries were received and reviewed in accordance with the policies of the American Concrete Institute. Forty-six refereed papers were accepted for presentation at the conference and were published as AC1 SP-200. In add

19、ition to the refereed papers more than 25 other papers were presented and distributed at the conference. In June 2003, CANMET, in association with the American Concrete Institute and several organizations in Romania, sponsored the Sixth CANMET/ACI International Conference on Recent Advances in Concr

20、ete Technology in Bucharest, Romania. More than 40 papers presented at the conference were distributed “as received” and no formal AC1 special publication was published. In May 2004, CANMET, in association with the American Concrete Institute and several other organizations in the United States, spo

21、nsored the Seventh CANMET/ACI International Conference on Recent Advances in Concrete Technology in Las Vegas, U.S.A. Seventeen refereed papers from more than 10 countries were presented and distributed at the conference. The proceedings consisting of refereed papers were published as AC1 SP- 222. I

22、n addition to the refereed papers, 20 other papers were presented and distributed at the conference. Thanks are extended to the members of the CANMET/ACI paper review panel which met in Sorrento, Italy in Nov. 2003 to review the papers. Without their prompt review and constructive comments, it would

23、 not have been possible to bring out the AC1 special publication for distribution at the conference in Las Vegas. The cooperation of the authors in accepting reviewers suggestions, and in revising their manuscripts accordingly is greatly appreciated. Particular thanks are extended to H.S. Wilson, Co

24、nsultant, Ottawa, and G.D. Brearley and M. Venturino, both of CANMET, for their help in the processing of the draft manuscripts. The help of Messrs. A. Bilodeau (Chair), B. Fournier, and R. Chevrier (Members) of the Audio-Visual Review Panel is greatly appreciated. R. Hartford, Editor, AC1 Special P

25、ublications, and her staff deserve very special mention for their assistance in getting this publication ready on time for distribution at the conference. V. M. Malhotra, P.Eng. Editor Chair, CANMET/ACI Seventh International Conference on Recent Advances in Concrete Technology May 2004 iv SP-222-1:

26、Recent Developments of Special Self-Compacting Concretes . 1 by M. Collepardi, A. Borsoi, S. Collepardi, and R. Troli SP-222-2: Influence of Internal Friction and Cohesion on the Variations of Formwork Pressure of Self-Consolidating Concrete by J. Assaad and K. H. Khayat SP-222-3: Self-Consolidating

27、 Concrete at Padgett-Thomas Barracks-The Citadel .33 by G. Amekuedi, R. Morrow, M. Nigels, and B. Guedel by J. A. Daczko SP-222-5: Delayed Ettringite Formation: Suggestion of a Global Mechanism in Order to Link Previous Hypotheses by X. Brunetaud, L. Divet, and D. Damidot SP-222-6: DEF-Related Expan

28、sion of Concrete as a Function of Sulfate ContentintheClinkerPhaseorCementandCuringTemperature .77 by M. Collepardi, J. J. Ogoumah Olagot, D. Salvioni, and D. Sorrentino SP-222-7: Lignosulphonate as Plasticizing Admixture on Cements of by B. G. Petersen, K. Reknes, and K. Olavesen SP-222-8: Properti

29、es of Geopolymer Concrete with Fly Ash as Source Material: Effect of Mixture Composition by D. Hardjito, S. E. Wallah, D. M. J. Sumajouw, and B. V. Rangan SP-222-9: Effectiveness of Anti-Corrosion Products for Reinforced Concrete Exposed to United Arab Emirates Environmental Conditions 119 by A. Qas

30、imi and S. M. K. Chetty SP-222-10: Autogenous Healing; Ingress of Chloride and Sulfate through Cracks in Concrete Under Marine Environment by T. U. Mohammed, H. Hamada, and H. Yokota SP-222-11: Corrosion Study of Stainless Steel Bars in Cracked Concrete 155 by T. Yamaji, T. Hirasaki, R. Takahashi, S

31、. Mizuma, and M. Yamakawa SP-222-12: Working Mechanism of a Shrinkage-Reducing Superplasticizer of New Generation by K. Yamada, H. Nakanishi, S. Tamaki, M. Yaguchi, M. Kinoshita, and S. Okazawa SP-222-13: Steel Fiber Product Introduction through Pre-Cast Reinforced Concrete Pipe . 185 by C. N. MacDo

32、nald and J. Trangsrud 19 SP-2224. Static Stability of Self-Consolidating Concrete . .5 1 .63 Different Chemical Composition . .93 . 109 . 135 171 V SP-222-14: Autogenous Shrinkage of Cementitious Paste- State-of-the-Art . 199 by H. Justnes SP-222-15: Evaluation of Bond Strength between Ultra-High Pe

33、rformance Reactive Powder Composite Materials and Fiber-Reinforced by A. Hassan, M. Kawakami, S. Matsuoka, and H. Tanaka SP-222-16 A Magnetic Resonance Imaging Technique to Determine Lithium Distribution in Mortar .231 by J. J. Young, B. J. Balcom, T. W. Bremner, M. D. A. Thomas, and K. Deka Concret

34、e by Slant Shear Test . .215 vi SP-222-1 Recent Developments of Special Self-Compacting Concretes by M. Collepardi, A. Borsoi, S. Collepardi, and R. Troli Svn opsi s: During the last decades new cementitious materials were available. These repre- sent a technical revolution with respect to the tradi

35、tional concretes. The most important innovative “High Tech” materials are Self-Compacting Concretes (SCCs). In the present paper the compositions, the performances and some practical ap- plications of high-performance SCCs are shown. In particular, some performance im- provements carried out in our

36、laboratories are shown for these specific uses: a) SCC for a Building Engineering application (S. Peter Apostle Church in Pescara, Italy) with white concrete characterized by a marble-like skin; b) SCC in the form of high-strength concrete with compressive strength over 90 MPa devoted to a work in t

37、he field of Civil Engineering (World Trade Cen- ter in San Marino); c) SCC in the form of mass concrete structure with a reduced risk of cracking in- duced by thermal difference between the nucleus and the skin of the elements; d) SCC in the form of lightweight precast concrete with a density of 175

38、0 kg/m3, 28-day compressive strength of 35 MPa, and 28-day flexural strength of 5 MPa; e) SCC in the form of a shrinkage-compensating concrete for reinforced con- crete wails 8 m high and 55 m long. Keywords: expansive agent; high performance concrete; lightweight concrete; mass concrete; self-compa

39、cting concrete; shrinkage red u cing admixture; si tic a fume; supe rpl asticize r; viscosity modifying agent 1 2 Collepardi et al. Mario Collepardi is Professor at the Civil Engineering Faculty Leonardo da Vinci, Politechnic of Milan, Italy. He is author or co-author of numerous papers on concrete

40、technology and cement chemistry. He is also the recipient of several awards for his contributions to the fundamental knowledge of superplasticizers and their use in concrete. Antonio Borsoi is a laboratory technician of Enco. He is active in the area of concrete mixture design. He is author of sever

41、al papers in the field of superplasticized concrete mixtures. Silvia Collepardi is a research civil engineer and director of the Enco Laboratory, Spresiano, Italy. She is working in the field of concrete durability and superplasticized concrete mixtures and has published numerous papers in this area

42、. Roberto Troli is a research civil engineer and technical director of the Enco. He is author of numerous papers in the field of concrete technology and in particular in that of chemical and mineral admixtures. INTRODUCTION With respect to the traditional concretes, the new cementitious materials, t

43、hanks to the availability of new raw materials, allow the concretes to reach much higher performances in terms of execution on job sites, useful service life, and mechanical strength. These new raw materials include: New synthetic polymers (poly-acrylates) which, in comparison with naphthalene- or m

44、elamine-sulphonated polymers, are able to reduce even more effectively the amount of mixing water and the water- cement ratio with all the consequent benefits 1,2. Viscosity Modifying Agents (VMA) to produce thixotropic mixes and then to obtain cohesive fresh concretes even when they are very fluid

45、Mineral additions characterized by amorphous silica such as silica fume (waste from silicium-iron alloys) in the form of very fine particles (size of some pdm) or WACS (Ultra-Fine Amorphous Colloidad Silica) synthetically produced in the form of very small particles with size of some nm 4. Shrinkage

46、 Reducing Admixture to improve the dimensional stability of concrete structures with geometric characteristics, in terms of size and form, which may have cracks related to drying shrinkage. 131. Recent Advances in Concrete Technology 3 EXPERIMENTALS AND DISCUSSION OF RESULTS The term Self-compacting

47、 Concrete (SCC) refers to a special type of concrete mixture, characterized by high resistance to segregation, that can be cast without compaction or vibration. With the advent of superplasticizers, flowing concretes with slump levels up to 250 mm were manufactured with no or negligible bleedin , pr

48、ovided that an adequate cement factor was used, that is at least 350 kg/m 2. The most important basic principle for flowing and unsegregable concretes including SCCs is the use of the superplasticizer combined with a relatively high content of powder materials in terms of portland cement, mineral ad

49、ditions, ground filler and/or very fine sand. A partial replacement of portland cement by fly ash was soon realized to be the best compromise in terms of rheological properties, resistance to segregation, strength level, and crack-fieedom, particularly in mass concrete structures exposed to restrained thermal stresses produced by cement heat of hydration. Some other mineral additions, alternative to fly ash, have been considered for the five works presented in this paper: they are silica fume, ground limestone, and an expansive agent. In this paper five specific concretes are sh