API RP 14G-2007 Recommended Practice for Fire Prevention and Control on Fixed Open-type Offshore Production Platforms (FOURTH EDITION)《火灾预防与控制固定开放式海上生产平台的推荐作法.第4版》.pdf

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1、Recommended Practice for Fire Prevention and Control on Fixed Open-type Offshore Production PlatformsAPI RECOMMENDED PRACTICE 14GFOURTH EDITION, APRIL 2007REAFFIRMED, JANUARY 2013Recommended Practice for Fire Prevention and Control on Fixed Open-type Offshore Production PlatformsUpstream SegmentAPI

2、RECOMMENDED PRACTICE 14GFOURTH EDITION, APRIL 2007REAFFIRMED, JANUARY 2013SPECIAL NOTESAPI publications necessarily address problems of a general nature. With respect to particular circumstances, local, state, and federal laws and regulations should be reviewed.Neither API nor any of APIs employees,

3、 subcontractors, consultants, committees, or other assignees make any warranty or representation, either express or implied, with respect to the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of the information contained herein, or assume any liability or responsibility for any use, or the results of such us

4、e, of any information or process disclosed in this publication. Neither API nor any of APIs employees, subcontractors, con-sultants, or other assignees represent that use of this publication would not infringe upon pri-vately owned rights.API is not undertaking to meet the duties of employers, manuf

5、acturers, or suppliers to warn and properly train and equip their employees, and others exposed, concerning health and safety risks and precautions, nor undertaking their obligations to comply with authorities having jurisdiction.Information concerning safety and health risks and proper precautions

6、with respect to partic-ular materials and conditions should be obtained from the employer, the manufacturer or supplier of that material, or the material safety data sheet.Where applicable, authorities having jurisdiction should be consulted. Work sites and equipment operations may differ. Users are

7、 solely responsible for assessing their specific equipment and premises in determining the appropriateness of applying the Recommended Practice. At all times users should employ sound business, scientific, engi-neering, and judgement safety when using this Recommended Practice.API publications may b

8、e used by anyone desiring to do so. Every effort has been made by the Institute to assure the accuracy and reliability of the data contained in them; however, the Institute makes no representation, warranty, or guarantee in connection with this publication and hereby expressly disclaims any liabilit

9、y or responsibility for loss or damage resulting from its use or for the violation of any authorities having jurisdiction with which this publi-cation may conflict.API publications are published to facilitate the broad availability of proven, sound engineer-ing and operating practices. These publica

10、tions are not intended to obviate the need for applying sound engineering judgment regarding when and where these publications should be utilized. The formulation and publication of API publications is not intended in any way to inhibit anyone from using any other practices.Any manufacturer marking

11、equipment or materials in conformance with the marking requirements of an API standard is solely responsible for complying with all the applicable requirements of that standard. API does not represent, warrant, or guarantee that such prod-ucts do in fact conform to the applicable API standard.All ri

12、ghts reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Contact the Publisher, API Publishing Services, 1220 L Street, N.W., W

13、ashington, D.C. 20005.Copyright 2007 American Petroleum InstituteFOREWORDThis Recommended Practice (RP) is under the jurisdiction of the American Petroleum Insti-tute (API) Executive Committee on Drilling and Production Operations. It has been prepared with guidance from API and the Offshore Operato

14、rs Committee (OOC). It is essential that operations on offshore production platforms are conducted in a manner providing for the safety of personnel and property and the protection of the environment. Process systems and operating practices are designed to prevent the unintentional release of hydroc

15、arbons to the atmosphere and their subsequent ignition. However, the possibility of such an occurrence must be considered and methods employed not only to prevent fires but, where practical, to control a fire that may occur.Nothing contained in any API publication is to be construed as granting any

16、right, by impli-cation or otherwise, for the manufacture, sale, or use of any method, apparatus, or product covered by letters patent. Neither should anything contained in the publication be construed as insuring anyone against liability for infringement of letters patent.This document was produced

17、under API standardization procedures that ensure appropriate notification and participation in the developmental process and is designated as an API stan-dard. Questions concerning the interpretation of the content of this publication or comments and questions concerning the procedures under which t

18、his publication was developed should be directed in writing to the Director of Standards, American Petroleum Institute, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005. Requests for permission to reproduce or translate all or any part of the material published herein should also be addressed to the dire

19、ctor.Generally, API standards are reviewed and revised, reaffirmed, or withdrawn at least every five years. A one-time extension of up to two years may be added to this review cycle. Status of the publication can be ascertained from the API Standards Department, telephone (202) 682-8000. A catalog o

20、f API publications and materials is published annually and updated quarterly by API, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005.Suggested revisions are invited and should be submitted to the Standards and Publications Department, API, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, D.C. 20005, standardsapi.org.iiiC

21、ONTENTSPage1 GENERAL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11.2 Scope . . . . . . . . . . .

22、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11.3 Industry Codes, Standards, and Recommended Practices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11.4 Conversions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

23、. . . . . . . . . .21.5 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31.6 Abbreviations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42 FUELS AND IGNITION SOURCE

24、S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42.2 Fuels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42.3 Ignition Sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53 FIRE PREVENTION PRACTICES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63.1 General . . . . .

26、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63.2 Facility Design. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63.3 Operating Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

27、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74 FIRE DETECTION AND ALARMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .84.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .84.2 Fire

28、Detection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .84.3 Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .94.4 Alarm Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

29、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .95 FIRE CONTROL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30、. . . . . . . . . . .105.2 Fire Water Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105.3 Foam Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .145.4 Dry Chemical Systems . . . . .

31、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .145.5 Gaseous Extinguishing Agent Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .155.6 Watermist Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

32、. . .165.7 Fire Extinguishing Control Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .175.8 Emergency Depressurizing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .186 PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

33、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .196.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .196.2 Placement of Extinguishers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .196.3 Recharging . .

34、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .197 INSPECTION, TESTING, AND MAINTENANCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .207.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .207.2 Fire Water Pumps. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .207.3 Fire Hoses, Nozzles, and Monitors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .217.4 Deluge and Sprinkler Systems. . .

36、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .217.5 Fixed Dry Chemical Extinguishing Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .217.6 Gaseous and Watermist Extinguishing Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .217.7 Portable Fire Exti

37、nguishers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .217.8 Fire and Gas Detectors and General Alarms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22viiPageviii8 PERSONNEL SAFETY AND ORIENTATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

38、 . .228.1 Personnel Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .228.2 Personnel Orientation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .239 PASSIVE FIRE PROTECTION. . . . . . . . . . . .

39、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .239.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .239.2 Uses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

40、 . . . . . . . . . .239.3 Fireproofing Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23APPENDIX A FIRE DETECTION SENSORS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25APPENDIX B FIRE EXTINGUISHER TYPES AND RATINGS . . . . .

41、. . . . . . . . . . . .27APPENDIX C HYDROSTATIC TEST INTERVAL FOR PORTABLE EXTINGUISHERS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31APPENDIX D FIRE WATER PIPING MATERIAL SELECTION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33APPENDIX E EMERGENCY DEPRESSURING DESIGN CO

42、NSIDERATIONS . . . .35APPENDIX F PASSIVE FIRE PROTECTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37FiguresB-1 Markings for Extinguisher Suitability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28B-2 Typical Extinguisher Markings. . . . . . . . . . . . .

43、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29Tables5-1 Fire Extinguishing Agents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .111Recommended Practice for Fire Prevention and Control on Fixed Open-typeOffshore Production Platforms1 General1.1 INTRO

44、DUCTIONFor many years, the petroleum industry has prepared documents representing the knowledge and experience of industry on vari-ous phases of oil and gas producing operations. In a continuation of this effort, this RP presents guidance for minimizing the pos-sibility of accidental fires and for d

45、esigning, inspecting, and maintaining the fire control systems on open type offshore platforms. Application of these practices, combined with proper design, operation, and maintenance of the entire production facility can pro-vide adequate protection from the threat of fire.1.2 SCOPEThis publication

46、 presents recommendations for minimizing the likelihood of having an accidental fire, and for designing, inspect-ing, and maintaining fire control systems. It emphasizes the need to train personnel in fire fighting, to conduct routine drills, and to establish methods and procedures for safe evacuati

47、on. The fire control systems discussed in this publication are intended to provide an early response to incipient fires to prevent their growth. However, this discussion is not intended to preclude the appli-cation of more extensive practices to meet special situations or the substitution of other s

48、ystems which will provide an equivalent or greater level of protection.This publication is applicable to fixed open-type offshore production platforms which are generally installed in moderate climates and which have sufficient natural ventilation to minimize the accumulation of vapors. Enclosed are

49、as, such as quarters buildings and equipment enclosures, normally installed on this type platform, are addressed. Totally enclosed platforms installed for extreme weather conditions or other reasons are beyond the scope of this RP.1.3 INDUSTRY CODES, STANDARDS, AND RECOMMENDED PRACTICESVarious organizations have developed standards, codes, specifications, and recommended practices which have substantial accep-tance by government and industry. Listed below are publications that may be useful to persons designing, installing, and operating fire control systems on offshore production platfor