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1、Recommended Practices for Evaluation of Well PerforatorsAPI RECOMMENDED PRACTICE 19B SECOND EDITION, SEPTEMBER 2006REAFFIRMED, APRIL 2011ADDENDUM 1, APRIL 2014ADDENDUM 2, DECEMBER 2014Recommended Practices for Evaluation of Well PerforatorsUpstream SegmentAPI RECOMMENDED PRACTICE 19B SECOND EDITION,

2、 SEPTEMBER 2006REAFFIRMED, APRIL 2011ADDENDUM 1, APRIL 2014ADDENDUM 2, XXXX 2014SPECIAL NOTESAPI publications necessarily address problems of a general nature. With respect to particular circumstances, local, state, and federal laws and regulations should be reviewed.Neither API nor any of APIs empl

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4、uch use, of any information or process disclosed in this publication. Neither API nor any of APIs employees, subcontractors, con-sultants, or other assignees represent that use of this publication would not infringe upon pri-vately owned rights.API publications may be used by anyone desiring to do s

5、o. Every effort has been made by the Institute to assure the accuracy and reliability of the data contained in them; however, the Institute makes no representation, warranty, or guarantee in connection with this publication and hereby expressly disclaims any liability or responsibility for loss or d

6、amage resulting from its use or for the violation of any authorities having jurisdiction with which this publi-cation may conflict.API publications are published to facilitate the broad availability of proven, sound engineer-ing and operating practices. These publications are not intended to obviate

7、 the need for applying sound engineering judgment regarding when and where these publications should be utilized. The formulation and publication of API publications is not intended in any way to inhibit anyone from using any other practices.Any manufacturer marking equipment or materials in conform

8、ance with the marking requirements of an API standard is solely responsible for complying with all the applicable requirements of that standard. API does not represent, warrant, or guarantee that such prod-ucts do in fact conform to the applicable API standard.Classified areas may vary depending on

9、the location, conditions, equipment, and substances involved in any given situation. Users of this Recommended Practice should consult with the appropriate authorities having jurisdiction.Users of this Recommended Practice should not rely exclusively on the information con-tained in this document. S

10、ound business, scientific, engineering, and safety judgment should be used in employing the information contained herein. Information concerning safety and health risks and proper precautions with respect to partic-ular materials and conditions should be obtained from the employer, the manufacturer

11、or supplier of that material, or the material safety data sheet.Where applicable, authorities having jurisdiction should be consulted.Work sites and equipment operations may differ. Users are solely responsible for assessing their specific equipment and premises in determining the appropriateness of

12、 applying the Recommended Practice. At all times users should employ sound business, scientific, engi-neering, and judgment safety when using this Recommended Practice.API is not undertaking to meet the duties of employers, manufacturers, or suppliers to warn and properly train and equip their emplo

13、yees, and other exposed, concerning health and safety risks and precautions, nor undertaking their obligations to comply with authorities having jurisdiction.All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means, electronic, mechanical

14、, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Contact the Publisher, API Publishing Services, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005.Copyright 2006 American Petroleum InstituteFOREWORDThis document is under the jurisdiction of the API Subcommittee

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17、on of the content of this publication or comments and questions concerning the procedures under which this publication was developed should be directed in writing to the Director of Standards, American Petroleum Institute, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005. Requests for permission to repro

18、duce or translate all or any part of the material published herein should also be addressed to the director.Generally, API standards are reviewed and revised, reaffirmed, or withdrawn at least every five years. A one-time extension of up to two years may be added to this review cycle. Status of the

19、publication can be ascertained from the API Standards Department, telephone (202) 682-8000. A catalog of API publications and materials is published annually and updated quarterly by API, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005.Suggested revisions are invited and should be submitted to the Stand

20、ards and Publications Department, API, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005, standardsapi.org.iiiCONTENTSPage0 SCOPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

21、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10.2 Implementation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10.3 API Registered Perforator Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

22、. . . . . .10.4 Reports and Advertisements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11 EVALUATION OF PERFORATING SYSTEMS UNDER SURFACE . . . . . . . . . . . . .CONDITIONS, CONCRETE TARGETS11.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

23、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11.2 Test Target . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11.3 Perforating System Selection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

24、.41.4 Charge Selection and Aging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41.5 Multi-Directional Firing Perforator Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51.6 Uni-Directional Perforator Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51.7 Test Fluid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51.8 Test Results Validity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51.9 Data Collec

26、tion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51.10 Data Recording and Reporting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61.11 Recertifying Published API RP 19B Section 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

27、. . . . . . . . . . . . .61.12 Special API RP 19B Section 1Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82 EVALUATION OF PERFORATORS UNDER STRESS CONDITIONS, BEREA TARGETS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

28、. . . . .132.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .132.2 Berea Sandstone Target . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .132.3 Preparation of Berea Sandstone for the Ta

29、rget . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .152.4 Test Apparatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .152.5 Test Conditions and Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .163 E

30、VALUATION OF PERFORATOR SYSTEMS AT ELEVATED TEMPERATURE CONDITIONS, STEEL TARGETS153.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .193.2 Reference Data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

31、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .193.3 Test Target . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .193.4 Perforating System Selection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .193.5 Charge Selection and A

32、ging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .213.6 Gun Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .213.7 Clearance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

33、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .213.8 Number of Shots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .213.9 Temperature Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .213.10 Test Fluid Environment

34、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .213.11 Temperature Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .213.12 Test Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .213.13 Data Collection and Recording . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .213.14 Pressure Testing of the Gun System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .234 EVALUATION OF PERFORATION FLOW PERFORMANC

36、E UNDER SIMULATED DOWNHOLE CONDITION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .244.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .244.2 Target Preparation and Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

37、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .254.3 Target Evacuation and Saturation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .254.4 Target Characterization and Permeability Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .264.5 Testing Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

38、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .274.6 Test Target Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .324.7 General Perforation Testing Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .344.8

39、 Systems Calibration and Test Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .354.9 Data Recording . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .364.10 Liquid Flow Data Reduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

40、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36vCONTENTSPage4.11 Gas Flow Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .394.12 Standard Test Conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .425 DEBRIS

41、 COLLECTION PROCEDURE FOR PERFORATING GUNS. . . . . . . . . . .455.1 Hollow Carrier Perforating Guns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .455.2 Phase I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

42、. .455.3 Phase II. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .465.4 Charge Case Debris Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .475.5 Perforating Systems With Capsule Charges . . . . .

43、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .506 EVALUATION OF PERFORATOR SYSTEMS TO DETERMINE SWELL . . . . . .526.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .256.2 Shaped Charge Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

44、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .526.3 Perforating System Selection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .526.4 Casing Selection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .526.

45、5 Testing Fluid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .526.6 Pre-Test Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .526.7 Test Setup. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

46、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .536.8 Post Test Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .536.9 Data Recording and Reporting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .537 REF

47、ERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53APPENDIX A API REGISTERED PERFORATOR SYSTEMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55Figures1 Example Concrete Target . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

48、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22 Data SheetPerforating System Evaluation, API 19B, Section 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .73 Dual String Data Sheet Perforating Systems Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .94 Mixed Charges (Short Perforator) Data Sheet Perforating Systems Evaluation . .

49、 105a Mixed Charges (Regular Perforator, Part 1 of 2) Data Sheet Perforating Systems Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .115b Mixed Charges (Regular Perforator, Part 2 of 2) Data Sheet Perforating Systems Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126 Section 2 Target Configuration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 Shooting End Fixture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .