API PUBL 4723-2002 Refinery Stream Speciation《炼油厂流形态》.pdf

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1、 Renery Stream Speciation REGULATORYANALYSISANDSCIENTIFICAFFAIRS PUBLICATIONNUMBER4723 NOVEMBER2002REFINERY STREAM SPECIATION PERF COOPERATIVE AIR PROGRAM PROJECT 94-05-06 NOTICE API has received permission from all PERF members to convert this document from PERF Cooperative Air Program Project 94-0

2、506 into an API publication for public use. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Executive Summary 2. Introduction and Background 3. Procedures Summary Section 3 4. Stream and Process DescriptionsSection 4 5. Summary Stream Composition DataSection 5 6. Appendix 1: Complete Raw Data ListingSection 6 Preliminary Data

3、 Review and Statistical AnalysisSection 7 7. Appendix 2: Details of Data Handling ProceduresSection 8 8. Appendix 3: Graphical Presentation of the DataSection 9 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report contains the results of a study to determine the range of compositions for a number of compounds in typical r

4、efinery process streams. Data representing 31 refineries, over 20 processes, and over 50 process streams was contributed by the project participants: Amoco, Arco, BP, Chevron, Exxon, Mobil, Shell and Texaco. The results of this project will be of use in estimating the emissions of specific compounds

5、, in preparing permit applications and in other environmental control activities. Neither the Petroleum Environmental Research Forum (PERF) or the project participants make any claims as to the suitability or acceptability of the stream composition data reported herein for specific reporting or regu

6、latory purposes. This project was undertaken to provide an improved database for determining the composition and estimating the emissions of 24 regulated compounds from typical refinery process streams. Some of these compounds are included in the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments Title III List of Hazar

7、dous Air Pollutants and the others are among those compounds to be regulated under the Accidental Release provisions of Title III. The results presented in this report represent a larger quantity of data than that available to any of the participant individually and will, therefore, result in improv

8、ed emission estimates and a better understanding of the variability in process stream compositions. Concentrations of specific compounds are presented both in tabular form and graphically. For each process unit and stream, the data include the minimum, maximum and most likely concentrations for each

9、 compound. A second listing presents the data by compound so that potential emission sources can be more easily identified and evaluated. The data are presented graphically by process unit and stream, showing all of the data and the most likely value for each compound. This graphical presentation il

10、lustrates the large degree of variability of much of the data. Details of the data collection, review and analysis procedures are also included in the report. Operations within a refinery are primarily monitored and controlled based on physical properties such as temperature rather than by process s

11、tream concentrations of specific compounds. Thus, the range of compositions in a specific process stream may vary widely depending on the particular crude oil, product slate, processing severity, and other factors. The range of the process stream concentration values for a specific compound should b

12、e considered in application of the means and most likely values provided in this report. INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND Passage of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 created a number of new compliance challenges for the U.S. petroleum industry. In order to provide improved approaches to meeting these

13、 challenges, and to allow leveraging of research expenditures, a number of the members of the Petroleum Environmental Research Forum (PERF) formed the Cooperative Air Program (CAP). The CAP consists of a number of individual research projects in twelve areas inc luding emissions monitoring, dispersi

14、on modeling, VOC and NOx emission control, pollution prevention and others. Refinery stream speciation is one of the CAP project areas. The objective of the refinery stream speciation project was to develop industry representative concentration profiles for process streams. Reasons for undertaking t

15、his activity included the desire for improved emissions estimates for determination of regulatory applicability, operating permit preparation and compliance, and risk assessment determinations. There was concern that the previously available speciation data was not representative of averages or the

16、ranges of specific compounds in current refinery operations. The refinery stream speciation profiles presented in this document were developed from stream sampling conducted by each of the participating companies: Amoco, Arco, BP, Chevron, Exxon, Mobil, Shell and Texaco. The identities of specific c

17、ompanies and refineries are coded in the raw data listing for confidentiality. Each company representative provided guidance on the program scope and objectives, th e data collection effort, the data analysis procedures, and the reporting of final results. The results of this report are based on ana

18、lyses from 31 refineries, over 20 units, and over 50 process streams. One of the most significant observations is the wide range of the reported concentrations for some of the compounds. This is believed to be a result of the way crude oil is converted into useful products and how refinery process u

19、nits operate. These process units usually monitor and control operations based on physical properties such as temperature rather than by the concentrations of specific compounds. Thus, the range of compositions in a specific process stream may vary widely depending on the particular crude oil, produ

20、ct slate, processing severity, and other factors. This range of process stream concentration should be considered in application of the means and most likely values provided in this report. This report is divided into a number of sections which describe the data collection and analysis procedures, c

21、ontain tables of stream compositions and the raw data, and provide a graphical presentation of the data. Section 3 provides a summary of the data collection and analysis effort. Section 4 contains a listing of the process units and streams, simplified flow diagrams, and the compounds included in the

22、 study. Section 5 presents the stream composition data in tabular form. First, for each process unit and stream, the minimum, maximum and most likely values of the concentration of each compound are presented. This is followed by a table listing the data by compound. A third table provides additiona

23、l statistical information from the analysis. Section 6 is a listing of the raw data. Participating companies have been provided with an electronic version of this spreadsheet. Section 7 provides details of the data collection and handling, statistical analysis, and a discussion relating to the analy

24、tical sampling. Section 8 is a graphical presentation of the data by process unit and stream showing all data and the most likely value. The material contained in this report will be of use in estimating the emissions of specific compounds, in preparing permit applications and in other environmental

25、 control activities. Neither PERF or the project participants make any claims as to the suitability or acceptability of the stream composition data reported herein for specific reporting or regulatory purposes. Section 3 Section 4 Section 5 Appendix 1 Section 6 Appendix 1 Section 7 Appendix 2 Section 8 Appendix 3 Section 9 Graphical Presentation of the Data AdditionalcopiesareavailablethroughGlobalEngineering Documentsat(800)854-7179or(303)397-7956 InformationaboutAPIPublications,ProgramsandServicesis availableontheWorldWideWebat:http:/www.api.org ProductNo. I47230