API PUBL 325-1994 Evaluation of a Methodology for the Detection of Leaks in Aboveground Storage Tanks《地面储罐检漏方法的评价》.pdf
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1、 API PUBLX325 94 m 0732290 0526558 134 m An Evaluation of a Methodology for the Detection of Leaks in Aboveground Storage Tanks HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL AFFAIRS API PUBLICATION NUMBER 325 MAY 1994 - E nvinmmmtal Partnenbip American Petroleum Institute 1220 L Street. Northwest 11 Washington, D.C. 200
2、05 API PUBL*325 94 O732290 0526559 O70 An Evaluation of a Methodology for the Detection of Leaks in Aboveground Storage Tanks Health and Environmental Affairs Department API PUBLICATION NUMBER 325 PREPARED UNDER CONTRACT BY: MICHAEL R. FIERRO ERIC G. ECKERT JOSEPH W. MARESCA, JR. VISTA RESEARCH, INC
3、. MOUNTAIN VIEW, CALIFORNIA MAY 1994 American Petroburn Institute FOREWORD API PUBLICATIONS NECESSARILY ADDRESS PROBLEMS OF A GENERAL NA=. WITH RESPECT TO PARTICULAR CIRCUMSTANCES, LOCAL, STATE, AND FEDERAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS SHOULD BE REVIEWED. API IS NOT U“G TO MEET THE DUTIES OF EMPLOYER!j, MAN
4、UFAC- TURERS, OR SUPPLIERS To WARN AND PROPERLY TRAIN AND EQUIP THEIR EMPLOYEES, AND OTHERS EXPOSED, CONCERNING HEALTH AND SAFETY RISKS AND PRECAUTIONS, NOR UNDERTAKING THEIR OBLIGATIONS UNDER LOCAL, STATE, OR FEDERAL LAWS. NOTHING CONTAINED IN ANY API PUBLICATION IS TO BE CONSTRUED AS GRANTING ANY
5、RIGHT, BY IMPLICATION OR OTHERWISE, FOR THE MANU- FACTURE, SALE, OR USE OF ANY METHOD, APPARATUS, OR PRODUCT COV- THE PUBLICATION BE CONSTRUED AS INSURING ANYONE AGAINST LIABIL- ERED BY LETTERS PATENT. NEITHER SHOULD ANYTHING CONTAINED IN ITY FOR INFRINGEMENT OF LETIERS PATENT. API PUBL*325 94 D 073
6、2290 0526562 729 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We wish to thank the members of the API Storage Tank Task Force, Work Group for AST Monitoring, for their cooperation, their technical support, and their assistance in coordinat- ing the project. We would like to acknowledge the support and encouragement of Mr. James
7、 Seebold, the chairperson of the Work Group, and of Ms. Dee Gavora and Andrew Jaques of the Health and Environmental Main Department, the MI staff members mon- itoring the program. We would also like to acknowledge the contributions of the following individuais, compa- nies/individuais: Steve Tosten
8、gard, Jerry Engeihardt and Vince Rosero of Santa Fe Pacific Pipeline Partners. Inc., for the use of their companys terminai, and their invaluable assis- tance in coordinating the field test effort; Robert Bromvich, Gordon Ray and Chuck Hill, also of SFPP, for their efforts in planning and scheduling
9、 the experimental work; Bill Mat- ney, Jim Eschberger and Glenn Kauffman for their operational support; Jim Leaird and Dennis Biddle of Physical Acoustics Corporation; and David Watennan and Raiph Nicas- tro of Rohrback Cosasco System, Inc. We would also like to acknowledge Gregg Olson and Richard W
10、ise of Vista Research for their assistance in conducting the field test activities, and Monique Seibel and Christine Lawson of Vista Research for their efforts in editing and typesetting this document. API PUBLW325 94 0732290 0526562 665 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY . e5-1 BACKGROUND. 1-1 TES
11、T METHODOLOGY/PROPOSED AST LEAK DETECTION PRACTICE . 2-1 SITE DESCRIPTION 3-1 RESULTS 4-1 CONTROLTESTS 4-3 LEAK DETECTION TESTS . 4-8 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 5-1 TEST METHODOLOGY . 5-1 PASSIVE-ACOUSTIC TECHNOLOGY . 5-2 SOIL-VAPOR MONITORING TECHNOLOGY . 5-4 VOLUMETRIC TECHNOLOGY 5-5 IMPORTAN
12、T TEST FEATURES 6-1 PASSIVE-ACOUSTIC TECHNOLOGY . 6-1 SOIL-VAPOR MONITORING TECHNOLOGY . 6-2 VOLUMETRIC TECHNOLOGY 6-3 REFERENCES R- 1 APPENDIXA A-1 APPENDIX B B-1 API PUBL*325 94 0732290 0526563 5TL H LIST OF FIGURES Fi eure 4- 1. 4-2. 4-3. Level-and-temperature data (control Tank) . . . . . . . .
13、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-4 Mass-measurement data (control Tank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-4 Acoustic events: (a) surface events (control tank, simulator OFF); (b) floor events (control tank, simulator OFF). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-6 Acous
14、tic events: (a) surface events (control tank, simulator ON); (b) floor events (control tank, simulator ON) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-7 Level-and-temperature data (Tank 9) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-10 Mass-measurement data (Tank 9) . . . . . .
15、 . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . 4- 10 4-4. 4-5. 4-6. LIST OF TABLES Table 3-1. 4-1. 4-2. AST Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1 Summary of Tank Tests. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2 Summary of Leak Detection
16、 Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-8 API PUBLS325 94 0732290 052b5b4 438 = EXECUTIVE SUMMARY INTRODUCTION The American Petroleum Institute has undertaken a significant technical effort to define and advance the state of the art of leak detection in aboveground storage tanks
17、 (ASTs). This report presents the results of Phase N of the API leak detection program. The three research efforts that preceded Phase IV were focused on the assessment of leak detection technology for ASTs and a detailed evaluation of passive acoustic and volumetric measurement methods. Field tests
18、 conducted on operational ASTs as part of the Phase III effort demonstrated that accurate leak detection could be accomplished through acoustic and volumetric techniques, and suggested specific changes in system design and test protocol to improve the performance of each technology. Based upon the P
19、hase III results, general recommendations were made regarding further experimental work. In addition, a methodology was developed which combines multiple AST testing technologies in order to assess the integrity of an AST. The proposed methodology may also include multiple tests with each technology
20、. This methodology is designed to verify the presence of a leak in the case of a detection, and thereby minimize the occurrence of erroneous decisions bzsed on test results which indicate the presence of a leak when none exist (false alarms). Effectively combining independent test methods should res
21、ult in a very robust leak detection practice. Three leak detection techniques were selected for evaluation in the Phase IV program: passive- acoustics, volumetric methods (including both level-and-temperature and mass measurement systems), and soil-vapor monitoring. Though soil-vapor monitoring was
22、not evaluated in the previous phases of APis research, it was identified as a technology of interest to the industry and was included in this phase. Individually, all three of these technologies are believed to have the potential for reliably detecting small leaks in the floor of an AST. When used t
23、ogether, the reliability of the test results increases. ES- 1 API PUBL*325 94 D 0732290 0526565 374 D Other AST leak detection technologies exist, and new technologies and new implementation techniques are being developed. Other technologies may perform equally well in a similar test methodology; ho
24、wever, API has limited the focus of this research to the three technologies mentioned above. The test methodology presented here is one example of a method to improve the reliability of a test decision through the used of multiple testing techniques. The proposed leak detection methodology was appli
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