API MPMS 19.2-2012 Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards Chapter 19.2 Evaporative Loss From Floating-Roof Tanks (Third Edition)《石油计量标准手册.第19.2章 浮顶油罐蒸发损失.第3版》.pdf

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1、Manual of Petroleum Measurement StandardsChapter 19.2Evaporative Loss From Floating-Roof TanksTHIRD EDITION, OCTOBER 2012Manual of Petroleum Measurement StandardsChapter 19.2Evaporative Loss From Floating-Roof TanksMeasurement CoordinationTHIRD EDITION, OCTOBER 2012Special NotesAPI publications nece

2、ssarily address problems of a general nature. With respect to particular circumstances, local,state, and federal laws and regulations should be reviewed.Neither API nor any of APIs employees, subcontractors, consultants, committees, or other assignees make anywarranty or representation, either expre

3、ss or implied, with respect to the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of theinformation contained herein, or assume any liability or responsibility for any use, or the results of such use, of anyinformation or process disclosed in this publication. Neither API nor any of APIs employees, subcontra

4、ctors,consultants, or other assignees represent that use of this publication would not infringe upon privately owned rights.API publications may be used by anyone desiring to do so. Every effort has been made by the Institute to assure theaccuracy and reliability of the data contained in them; howev

5、er, the Institute makes no representation, warranty, orguarantee in connection with this publication and hereby expressly disclaims any liability or responsibility for loss ordamage resulting from its use or for the violation of any authorities having jurisdiction with which this publication mayconf

6、lict.API publications are published to facilitate the broad availability of proven, sound engineering and operatingpractices. These publications are not intended to obviate the need for applying sound engineering judgmentregarding when and where these publications should be utilized. The formulation

7、 and publication of API publicationsis not intended in any way to inhibit anyone from using any other practices.Any manufacturer marking equipment or materials in conformance with the marking requirements of an API standardis solely responsible for complying with all the applicable requirements of t

8、hat standard. API does not represent,warrant, or guarantee that such products do in fact conform to the applicable API standard.Users of this standard should not rely exclusively on the information contained in this document. Sound business,scientific, engineering, and safety judgment should be used

9、 in employing the information contained herein.All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Conta

10、ct the Publisher, API Publishing Services, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005.Copyright 2012 American Petroleum InstituteForewordNothing contained in any API publication is to be construed as granting any right, by implication or otherwise, for themanufacture, sale, or use of any method, appara

11、tus, or product covered by letters patent. Neither should anythingcontained in the publication be construed as insuring anyone against liability for infringement of letters patent.Shall: As used in a standard, “shall” denotes a minimum requirement in order to conform to the specification.Should: As

12、used in a standard, “should” denotes a recommendation or that which is advised but not required in orderto conform to the specification.This document was produced under API standardization procedures that ensure appropriate notification andparticipation in the developmental process and is designated

13、 as an API standard. Questions concerning theinterpretation of the content of this publication or comments and questions concerning the procedures under whichthis publication was developed should be directed in writing to the Director of Standards, American PetroleumInstitute, 1220 L Street, NW, Was

14、hington, DC 20005. Requests for permission to reproduce or translate all or any partof the material published herein should also be addressed to the director.Generally, API standards are reviewed and revised, reaffirmed, or withdrawn at least every five years. A one-timeextension of up to two years

15、may be added to this review cycle. Status of the publication can be ascertained from theAPI Standards Department, telephone (202) 682-8000. A catalog of API publications and materials is publishedannually by API, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005.Suggested revisions are invited and should be s

16、ubmitted to the Standards Department, API, 1220 L Street, NW,Washington, DC 20005, standardsapi.org.iiiSummary of Changes to API MPMS Chapters 19.1, 19.2 and 19.4The third edition of API Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards (MPMS) Chapter 19.4 was published followinga revision that was carried

17、out concurrently with revisions to Chapter 19.1, published as the fourth edition, andChapter 19.2, published as the third edition. Primary changes are:1) Consolidation of common material in Chapter 19.4. Material that had previously been included in both Chapters19.1 and 19.2 has been moved to Chapt

18、er 19.4. Chapter 19.4, which was previously Recommended Practice forSpeciation of Evaporative Losses, now has the title Evaporative Loss Reference Information and SpeciationMethodology. This Chapter had already contained reference information on the properties of chemicals andtypical petroleum liqui

19、ds, and this information has now been removed from Chapters 19.1 and 19.2. In addition,meteorological data have been moved from Chapters 19.1 and 19.2 to Chapter 19.4. In the revised documents:a) Meteorological data are found in Chapter 19.4,b) Calculation of storage tank temperatures is found in Ch

20、apters 19.1 and 19.2 (in that fixed-roof tanks involvecalculation of the vapor space temperature in order to determine vapor density, whereas this step is notinvolved in estimating emissions from floating-roof tanks), andc) Calculation of true vapor pressure is found in Chapter 19.4 (in that this is

21、 now calculated in the same mannerfor both fixed- and floating-roof tanks).2) Reconciliation of nomenclature. Chapters 19.1 and 19.2 previously had different nomenclature for the samevariables. These revisions adopt a common set of symbols for both chapters.3) Reorganization of the formats. In addit

22、ion to common material having been removed from Chapters 19.1 and 19.2,the remaining text has been edited to remove unnecessarily verbose or repetitive language. The summary tableswere deemed redundant, and have been deleted.4) Appendices. Appendices have been redesignated as annexes. 5) SI units. A

23、n annex has been added to each chapter to address SI units.Chapter 19.2, third editionIn addition to common reference material being deleted from Chapter 19.2, the following changes have been made:1) Reference to API Technical Reports. References to API TR 2567 (floating roof landings), API TR 2568

24、(cleaningstorage tanks), and API TR 2569 (closed vent IFRTs) have been added.2) Terminology. The following terminology has been revised:a) “Covered floating-roof tank (CFRT)” has been changed to “domed EFRT.”b) “Standing storage loss” has been changed to “standing loss.”c) “Withdrawal loss” has been

25、 changed to “working loss.”d) “Solar insolation” has been changed to “insolation.”3) True vapor pressure from liquid surface temperature. The temperature used for calculation of the true vaporpressure has been changed from the liquid bulk temperature to the liquid surface temperature for floating-ro

26、oftanks, using the same method to calculate liquid surface temperature as has been used for fixed-roof tanks. Thisvbrings the API methodology into line with the EPA methodology published in AP-42 at the time of publication ofthis 3rd Edition of the API standard.4) Ladder/Guidepole Combination. An eq

27、uipment description and factors for ladder/guidepole combinations havebeen added.5) Effective Throughput. An expression has been added for the sum of changes in liquid level, designated HQ, forcalculating effective throughput.viContentsPage1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

28、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Normative References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Symbols . . . . . . . .

29、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Procedure for Estimating Loss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

30、4.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.2 Standing Loss LS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

31、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.3 Working Loss LW. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 Sample Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

32、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165.2 EFRT Sample Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

33、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165.3 IFRT Sample Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205.4 Domed EFRT Sample Problem . . .

34、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236 Equipment Descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276.1 Components. . . . .

35、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276.2 Types of Floating-Roof Tanks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

36、67 Loss Mechanisms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 487.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

37、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 487.2 Standing Loss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 497.3 Working Loss. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

38、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 508 Development of Estimation Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 518.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

39、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 518.2 Standing Loss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 518.3 Working Loss. . . . . . . . . . .

40、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56Annex A (informative) Development of Rim-Seal Loss Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57Annex B (informative) Developm

41、ent of Rim-Seal Relationship Between Airflow Rate and Wind Speed . . . . . 61Annex C (informative) Development of Diameter Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63Annex D (informative) Development of Deck-Fitting Loss Factors . . . . . . . . . .

42、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65Annex E (informative) Development of Vapor Pressure Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71Annex F (informative) Development of Product Factors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

43、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73Annex G (informative) Development of Clingage Factors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75Annex H (informative) Development of Fitting Wind-Speed Correction Factor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

44、 . . 76Annex I (informative) Development of Deck-Seam Loss Factors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79Annex J (informative) Documentation Records . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81Annex

45、K (informative) SI Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

46、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83Figures1 EFRT with Pontoon Floating Roof. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292 EFRT with Double-deck Floating Roof . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

47、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30viiContentsPage3 IFRT with Noncontact Deck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314 Domed EFRT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

48、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325 Vapor-mounted Primary Seals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 336 Liquid-mounted Primary Seals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

49、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357 Mechanical-shoe Primary Seals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 358 Secondary Seals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379 Access Hatch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3810 Fixed-roof Support Column