BS PD CEN ISO TS 80004-1-2015 Nanotechnologies Vocabulary Core terms《纳米技术 词汇 核心术语》.pdf

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1、BSI Standards Publication PD CEN ISO/TS 80004-1:2015 Nanotechnologies Vocabulary Part 1: Core termsPD CEN ISO/TS 80004-1:2015 PUBLISHED DOCUMENT National foreword This Published Document is the UK implementation of CEN ISO/TS 80004-1:2015. It supersedes PD CEN ISO/TS 80004-1:2014 which is withdrawn.

2、 The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee NTI/1, Nanotechnologies. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are

3、 responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2015. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2015 ISBN 978 0 580 89760 3 ICS 01.040.07; 07.030 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. This Published Document was published under the aut

4、hority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 December 2015. Amendments issued since publication Date Text affected TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION SPCIFICATION TECHNIQUE TECHNISCHE SPEZIFIKATION CEN ISO/TS 80004-1 December 2015 ICS 07.030; 01.040.07 Supersedes CEN ISO/TS 80004-1:2014 English

5、Version Nanotechnologies - Vocabulary - Part 1: Core terms (ISO/TS 80004-1:2015) Nanotechnologies - Vocabulaire - Partie 1: Termes “coeur“ (ISO/TS 80004-1:2015) Nanotechnologien - Fachwrterverzeichnis - Teil 1: Kernbegriffe (ISO/TS 80004-1:2015) This Technical Specification (CEN/TS) was approved by

6、CEN on 14 October 2015 for provisional application. The period of validity of this CEN/TS is limited initially to three years. After two years the members of CEN will be requested to submit their comments, particularly on the question whether the CEN/TS can be converted into a European Standard. CEN

7、 members are required to announce the existence of this CEN/TS in the same way as for an EN and to make the CEN/TS available promptly at national level in an appropriate form. It is permissible to keep conflicting national standards in force (in parallel to the CEN/TS) until the final decision about

8、 the possible conversion of the CEN/TS into an EN is reached. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Lat

9、via, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Mar

10、nix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2015 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. CEN ISO/TS 80004-1:2015 EPD CEN ISO/TS 80004-1:2015 CEN ISO/TS 80004-1:2015 (E) 3 European foreword This document (CEN ISO/TS 80004-1:2015) has been prepared

11、 by Technical Committee ISO/TC 229 “Nanotechnologies“ in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 352 “Nanotechnologies” the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CE

12、NELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes CEN ISO/TS 80004-1:2014. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to announce this Technical Specification:

13、Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, S

14、weden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO/TS 80004-1:2015 has been approved by CEN as CEN ISO/TS 80004-1:2015 without any modification. PD CEN ISO/TS 80004-1:2015ISO/TS 80004-1:2015(E)Foreword iv Introduction vi 1 Scope . 1 2 T erms and definitions . 1 Bib

15、liography 3 ISO 2015 All rights reserved iii Contents PagePD CEN ISO/TS 80004-1:2015ISO/TS 80004-1:2015(E) Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is no

16、rmally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in

17、 the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular

18、the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. www.iso.org/directives Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document

19、 may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received. www.iso.org/patent

20、s Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement. For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles

21、 in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: http:/ /www.iso.org/iso/home/standards_development/ resources-for-technical-work/foreword.htm The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 229, Nanotechnologies, and Technical Committee IEC/TC 113, Nanotechnology standardizati

22、on for electrical and electronic products and systems. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO/TS 80004-1:2010), which has been technically revised. Documents in the 80000 to 89999 range of reference numbers are developed by collaboration between ISO and IEC. ISO/TS 80004 con

23、sists of the following parts, under the general title Nanotechnologies Vocabulary: Part 1: Core terms Part 2: Nano-objects Part 3: Carbon nano-objects Part 4: Nanostructured materials Part 5: Nano/bio interface Part 6: Nano-object characterization Part 7: Diagnostics and therapeutics for healthcare

24、Part 8: Nanomanufacturing processes The following parts are under preparation: Part 9: Nano-enabled electrotechnical products and systems Part 10: Nano-enabled photonic components and systems Part 11: Nanolayer, nanocoating, nanofilm, and related termsiv ISO 2015 All rights reservedPD CEN ISO/TS 800

25、04-1:2015ISO/TS 80004-1:2015(E) Part 12: Quantum phenomena in nanotechnology Part 13: Graphene and other two-dimensional materials ISO 2015 All rights reserved vPD CEN ISO/TS 80004-1:2015ISO/TS 80004-1:2015(E) Introduction By control of matter in the nanoscale (2.1), nanotechnology (2.3) brings toge

26、ther processes and techniques that are used to research, design and manufacture materials, devices, and systems. It enables management of characteristics such as material size, shape, morphology, chemical composition and molecular configuration for the improvement, or development of, new process and

27、 product properties. Applications of nanotechnologies are expected to impact virtually every aspect of life and enable dramatic advances in communication, health, manufacturing, materials and knowledge-based technologies. Even if this is only partially realized, there is a need to provide industry a

28、nd researchers with suitable tools to assist with the development, application and communication of nanotechnologies. A crucial objective is the harmonization of terminology and definitions, in order to promote common understanding and consistent usage across communities where nanotechnologies are b

29、eing developed and used. In the context of the ISO/TS 80004- series of standards, “terminology” refers to the following: a) a structured or conceptual presentation of vocabulary employed in nanotechnologies, b) assigned definitions for specific units of the language in this vocabulary. This part of

30、ISO/TS 80004 presents terminology and definitions for core terms in this emerging vocabulary, and serves as the foundation for a broader vocabulary constituted collectively by the ISO/TS 80004- series of standards. As nanotechnologies continue to evolve, the terms and definitions to facilitate commu

31、nications have become increasingly specific and precise. For many communities, the meaning of terms such as “nanoscale”, “nanomaterial” (2.4) and “nanotechnology” are inferred by logical application of the SI unit of scale. The prefix nano- specifically means a measure of 10 9units, and the nature o

32、f this unit is determined by the word that follows. In the ISO/TS 80004 vocabulary series, however, terms such as “nano-object” (2.5) and “nanoscale” employ size and geometric boundaries to express fundamental and measurable aspects of nanomaterials. In the case of the term nanoscale, the definition

33、 acknowledges that the length range of nano-objects might fall outside the precise boundaries normally associated with the concept of scale, by indicating that the upper and lower boundaries are approximate. The lower limit (approximately 1 nm) in the definition of nanoscale is introduced to avoid s

34、ingle and small groups of atoms, as well as individual molecules, from being designated as nano-objects or elements of nanostructures (2.6), which might be implied by the absence of a lower limit. It should also be recognized that fullerene molecules and single layer planar structures (e.g. graphene

35、) that have dimensions below 1 nm are, in practice, considered to be nanomaterials because they are important building blocks for nanotechnology. Further, size-dependent biological effects, specifically particle-cell interactions, and environmental interactions related to nanotechnology, involve str

36、uctures below 1 nm and above 100 nm. In addition to size, the complex interplay of parameters such as aspect ratio, core chemistry, agglomeration state, physical state, surface properties and others will influence biological and environmental interactions associated with nanostructured materials. Te

37、rminology development is proceeding at an intensive pace and needs to be responsive to the needs of stakeholders. As knowledge expands, a robust terminology will need to effectively convey not only the size and shape-based metrics of nanomaterials but also the performance-based/properties-based aspe

38、cts of intentionally produced nano-objects and nanostructured materials in their definitions. It will be an on-going challenge to communicate complex concepts in definitions in a manner that is meaningful and practical for stakeholders in research, commercial applications, government and consumer co

39、mmunities. It is emphasized that the definition of “nanoscale” in the ISO/TS 80004 vocabulary series is a general descriptor serving to facilitate communication concerning nanotechnologies. The development of core terms and their definitions has benefited from discussion over time concerning scienti

40、fic, regulatory and consumer usage. The science is still emerging, as is the capacity to measure vi ISO 2015 All rights reservedPD CEN ISO/TS 80004-1:2015ISO/TS 80004-1:2015(E) and characterize nanomaterials, or more generally matter in the nanoscale. Care needs to be taken to ensure the latest scie

41、ntific information is incorporated into the terminology as it becomes available. Since the inception of ISO/TC 229 and IEC/TC 113, nanotechnology has evolved and continues to evolve. It is important to acknowledge that the associated terms and their definitions will likewise follow an evolutionary p

42、ath. Many of the definitions in this part of ISO/TS 80004 are determined to be in harmony with a framework and hierarchical system of terminology for nanotechnologies. Furthermore, it is also important to recognize that articles fabricated to contain nanomaterials are not necessarily nanomaterials t

43、hemselves. Figure 1 illustrates the relationships between “nanomaterial”, “nano-object” and “nanostructured material” (2.7). However, this hierarchy is not intended to exclude the possibility for a nano-object to have internal or surface nanostructure. This figure should therefore be considered as s

44、chematic or idealized. Figure 1 Nanomaterial framework ISO 2015 All rights reserved viiPD CEN ISO/TS 80004-1:2015PD CEN ISO/TS 80004-1:2015Nanotechnologies Vocabulary Part 1: Core terms 1 Scope This part of ISO/TS 80004 lists terms and definitions related to core terms in the field of nanotechnologi

45、es. It is intended to facilitate communications between organizations and individuals in industry and those who interact with them. 2 T erms a nd definiti ons 2.1 nanoscale length range approximately from 1 nm to 100 nm Note 1 to entry: Properties that are not extrapolations from larger sizes are pr

46、edominantly exhibited in this length range. 2.2 nanoscience study, discovery and understanding of matter where size- and structure-dependent properties and phenomena manifest, predominantly in the nanoscale (2.1), distinct from those associated with individual atoms or molecules, or extrapolation fr

47、om larger sizes of the same material 2.3 nanotechnology application of scientific knowledge to manipulate and control matter predominantly in the nanoscale (2.1) to make use of size- and structure-dependent properties and phenomena distinct from those associated with individual atoms or molecules, o

48、r extrapolation from larger sizes of the same material Note 1 to entry: Manipulation and control includes material synthesis. 2.4 nanomaterial material with any external dimension in the nanoscale (2.1) or having internal structure or surface structure in the nanoscale Note 1 to entry: This generic

49、term is inclusive of nano-object (2.5) and nanostructured material (2.7). Note 2 to entry: See also definitions 2.8 to 2.10. 2.5 nano-object discrete piece of material with one, two or three external dimensions in the nanoscale (2.1) Note 1 to entry: The second and third external dimensions are orthogonal to the first dimension and to each other. 2.6 nanostructure composition of inter-related constituent parts in which one or more of those parts is a nanoscale (2.1) region Note 1 to entry: A region is defined by a boundary r