BS ISO 9849-2017 Optics and optical instruments Geodetic and surveying instruments Vocabulary《光学和光学仪器 大地测量和测绘仪器 词汇》.pdf

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1、Optics and optical instruments Geodetic and surveying instruments Vocabulary BS ISO 9849:2017 BSI Standards Publication WB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06 ISO 2017 Optics and optical instruments Geodetic and surveying instruments Vocabulary Optique et intruments doptique Instru

2、ments godsiques et dobservation Vocabulaire INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 9849 Third edition 2017-08 Reference number ISO 9849:2017(E) National foreword This British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 9849:2017. It supersedes BS ISO 9849:2000, which is withdrawn. The UK participation in its prepa

3、ration was entrusted to Technical Committee CPW/172, Optics and Photonics. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct

4、 application. The British Standards Institution 2017 Published by BSI Standards Limited 2017 ISBN 978 0 580 89524 1 ICS 01.040.07; 07.040; 17.180.30; 01.040.17 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. This British Standard was published under the authority of

5、 the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 September 2017. Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication Date Text affected BRITISH STANDARD BS ISO 9849:2017 ISO 2017 Optics and optical instruments Geodetic and surveying instruments Vocabulary Optique et intruments doptique Instruments gods

6、iques et dobservation Vocabulaire INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 9849 Third edition 2017-08 Reference number ISO 9849:2017(E) BS ISO 9849:2017 ISO 9849:2017(E)ii ISO 2017 All rights reserved COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2017, Published in Switzerland All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified,

7、no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs mem

8、ber body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Ch. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401 CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland Tel. +41 22 749 01 11 Fax +41 22 749 09 47 copyrightiso.org www.iso.org BS ISO 9849:2017 ISO 9849:2017(E)ii ISO 2017 All rights reserved COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 201

9、7, Published in Switzerland All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission.

10、 Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Ch. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401 CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland Tel. +41 22 749 01 11 Fax +41 22 749 09 47 copyrightiso.org www.iso.orgISO 9849:2017(E)Foreword

11、iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references 1 3 T erms and definitions . 1 3.1 Types of geodetic instruments and related terms 1 3.2 Parts of geodetic instruments 7 Bibliography .18 Index 19 ISO 2017 All rights reserved iii Contents Page BS ISO 9849:2017 ISO 9849:2017(E) Foreword ISO (the I

12、nternational Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee

13、has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnica

14、l standardization. The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in

15、accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives). Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights

16、. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents). Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not consti

17、tute an endorsement. For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see

18、the following URL: www .iso .org/ iso/ foreword .html. This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 172, Optics and photonics, Subcommittee SC 6, Geodetic and surveying instruments. This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 9849:2000), which has been technically rev

19、ised.iv ISO 2017 All rights reserved BS ISO 9849:2017 ISO 9849:2017(E) Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO techn

20、ical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely

21、with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria need

22、ed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives). Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of pate

23、nt rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents). Any trade name u

24、sed in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement. For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to t

25、he World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: www .iso .org/ iso/ foreword .html. This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 172, Optics and photonics, Subcommittee SC 6, Geodetic and surveying instruments. This third editi

26、on cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 9849:2000), which has been technically revised.iv ISO 2017 All rights reserved ISO 9849:2017(E) Introduction This document forms one of a series concerning geodetic and surveying instruments. It gives definitions of terms which may be used in the draft

27、ing of other International Standards and national standards in this field. Only terms relating to geodetic and surveying instruments for geodetic work and their essential parts are described in this document. It is intended for both the surveyor and the non-surveyor. Every reader is requested to use

28、 only these terms in the future so that, with time, a standard and acceptable terminology will come into common usage. ISO 2017 All rights reserved v BS ISO 9849:2017 Optics and optical instruments Geodetic and surveying instruments Vocabulary 1 Scope This document defines terms relating to geodetic

29、 field instruments only, e.g. distance meters, levels, theodolites and others, and their essential component parts which are normally used in terrestrial measuring operations of ordnance survey, topographic survey, plane survey and engineering survey. Therefore, terms concerning fields such as the f

30、ollowing are not mentioned, for example, photogrammetry, astronomy, hydrographic survey and industrial metrology. Accessories which are not necessary for the functioning of the instruments are not dealt with. The terms are arranged in English alphabetical order. 2 Normative references There are no n

31、ormative references in this document. 3 T erms an d definiti ons For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses: IEC Electropedia: available at h t t p :/ www .electrope

32、dia .org/ ISO Online browsing platform: available at h t t p :/ www .iso .org/ obp 3.1 Types of geodetic instruments and related terms 3.1.1 alignment instrument device used to aim at intermediate points and to a reference target at the end of an alignment Note 1 to entry: The device is usually equi

33、pped with a powerful magnifying telescope (3.2.38). 3.1.1.1 alignment laser line laser pipe laser alignment instrument (3.1.1) using a laser beam as reference line instead of an optical line of sight 3.1.2 barometer instrument for measuring atmospheric pressure Note 1 to entry: Barometers can be use

34、d for the atmospheric reduction of electronically measured distances or as barometric altimeters (3.1.2.2). 3.1.2.1 aneroid barometer barometer (3.1.2) in which atmospheric pressure is balanced by some elastic elements as a method that does not involve liquid INTERNATIONAL ST ANDARD ISO 9849:2017(E)

35、 ISO 2017 All rights reserved 1 BS ISO 9849:2017 Optics and optical instruments Geodetic and surveying instruments Vocabulary 1 Scope This document defines terms relating to geodetic field instruments only, e.g. distance meters, levels, theodolites and others, and their essential component parts whi

36、ch are normally used in terrestrial measuring operations of ordnance survey, topographic survey, plane survey and engineering survey. Therefore, terms concerning fields such as the following are not mentioned, for example, photogrammetry, astronomy, hydrographic survey and industrial metrology. Acce

37、ssories which are not necessary for the functioning of the instruments are not dealt with. The terms are arranged in English alphabetical order. 2 Normative references There are no normative references in this document. 3 T erms an d definiti ons For the purposes of this document, the following term

38、s and definitions apply. ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses: IEC Electropedia: available at h t t p :/ www .electropedia .org/ ISO Online browsing platform: available at h t t p :/ www .iso .org/ obp 3.1 Types of geodetic instruments a

39、nd related terms 3.1.1 alignment instrument device used to aim at intermediate points and to a reference target at the end of an alignment Note 1 to entry: The device is usually equipped with a powerful magnifying telescope (3.2.38). 3.1.1.1 alignment laser line laser pipe laser alignment instrument

40、 (3.1.1) using a laser beam as reference line instead of an optical line of sight 3.1.2 barometer instrument for measuring atmospheric pressure Note 1 to entry: Barometers can be used for the atmospheric reduction of electronically measured distances or as barometric altimeters (3.1.2.2). 3.1.2.1 an

41、eroid barometer barometer (3.1.2) in which atmospheric pressure is balanced by some elastic elements as a method that does not involve liquid INTERNATIONAL ST ANDARD ISO 9849:2017(E) ISO 2017 All rights reserved 1 ISO 9849:2017(E) 3.1.2.2 barometric altimeter barometer (3.1.2) used for elevation mea

42、surement, in which case a read out is provided in meters 3.1.2.3 mercury barometer barometer (3.1.2) in which atmospheric pressure is balanced by the mass of a column of mercury 3.1.2.4 electronic barometer instrument for measuring atmospheric pressure by conversion of physical observation to electr

43、ical signals 3.1.3 electro-optical distance meter electronic distance meter EDM instrument for measuring distances between the instrument and a reflective target, using various electro-optical techniques, visible light or infrared radiation as carrier waves Note 1 to entry: The target can be a r e f

44、 le c t or (3.1.15) or any other surface. Note 2 to entry: See also total station (3.1.20), hand-held laser distance meter (3.1.7), terrestrial laser scanner (3.1.8) and laser tracker (3.1.9). 3.1.3.1 phase shift distance meter electronic distance meter which is based on the comparison of two modula

45、tion signals, one is the reference signal, the other the return signal from the reflective target Note 1 to entry: The phase difference can be detected by various methods and is used to calculate the distance. 3.1.3.2 pulsed distance meter t i me of f l i g ht d i s t a nc e me t er electro-optical

46、distance meter which is based on measuring the time of flight between transmission and reception of the same pulse 3.1.4 f ie ld- c ont r ol le r device that controls surveying instruments (total station, GNSS receiver, terrestrial laser scanner and digital level) by using on-board applications, rec

47、alls surveying data or other information and records and analyses measurement data of the instruments 3.1.5 Global Navigation Satellite System GNSS system consisting of several satellites in different orbital planes, which allow absolute navigation solutions as well as high precise (e.g. differentia

48、l) positioning and broadcasting of time due to the global coverage Note 1 to entry: GNSS includes all operating Global Navigation Systems by Satellite. EXAMPLE 1 Global Positioning System (GPS) or Navigational Satellite Timing and Ranging Global Positioning System (NAVSTAR-GPS) US Department of Defe

49、nce navigation system based on the constellation of usually more than 24 satellites at an altitude of 20 200 km above earths surface. EXAMPLE 2 GLObalnaya NAvigationnaya Sputnikovaya Sistema (GLONASS) Russias Global Navigation Satellite System based on the constellation of approximately 24 satellites at an altitude of 19 100 km above earths surface.2 ISO 2017 All rights reserved BS ISO 9849:2017 ISO 9849:2017(E) EXAMPLE 3 Galileo Global Navigation Satellite System organized by EU an