GB T 2298-1991 机械振动与冲击术语.pdf

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1、中华人民共和回国家标准机械撒切与冲击术语MechancaJ叫bratonand shock Terminology 水中p能参照采用网际标F告iISO 2041-1990!l尼器damp巳r府能最耗散的方法?扣减少冲询和(成)振动的袋帘。5. 60 限制得sllubber 当机书在系统的相对位移大予特定数时，守在t曹大(通常是急剧增(l系统中然你;n;件的刚f暂米限制相对忱移的装齿。5. 61 力吸jij器dynanlc vibration absorber 在所哥哥求的频率k将能给转移到附加的予系统巾来减少版系统振动的装齿T系统对)版系作用J与l联系统上激报.tJ相1IL相反p5.62 动力

2、减振tI!detuner 叫种?毛频率将附:与振幅有关的附加报动系统如用非线性弹苦苦控制l的质故土是h它nf以改变H: i主梭的主系统的掀动特性。!叫义词，动力减振摆6 数据处理6.1 内功很供销j茫(简利;，(1i样密度.)aut spectral densilY GB/T 2298-91 1盘x(t)通过中心壁面来f、带宽R的准带滤i应器质的娘位带宽的均方点3说带觉趋于凉，平均8f可趋于无穷大时的极限称为最x(t)的功率i普密度C(f).Jt计算公式为2T G(f)旦lm_飞Ix(f，t，B)dt(f: 0) 8啡。B1J(引T_血。式中:对(j，t，B)-x(t)j硕放带贸B，中心频率f

3、的液中青滤i皮吉普挂在被以后部分的平方:T町，一平均时间。根据傅果叶变换关系，单边功率最野草赞成G百带滤议taw川cbandIilter 1国带相气宽的带i函滤波持。对于冲击和振动来说觉情通常xi!:昧着大于个f击场!衍。A42 中心领率centre frequeney i且惜的标利;截止赖半年的几何均值bA43 带阪滤vi苦苦band rcject flter 对某d频带(阻带)产生很大衰减，开币对其余颇丰甘(通中皆)衰减恨小的泌i皮LA44 跟踪掳波音tra(king filter j圳来自iiJ.随!楼扩:他的俗号颇丰变化的滤波器们GB/T 229891 也45山革爷滤波器peak-no

4、tch filter 可用来调节也号b振动发生器中功率放大器上信号，以便消除由于振动台和1试件系统共扣h反共报引起的劝学挂号巾的晚lt谷的#革派辙。A46均衡叫ualization调节放大器和非在制系统的增挠，使其在所要求的频谱内输出的帽傻与信号附tZJE比均给(段。;() G/T 229B 91 附录B汉英自曾引(补充仲)日学l日在冲击脉冲half.sim: shock pulse 1. 9 赚两whte noise 3 12 A爆炸j皮blst 1.21 贝尔b巳lf市勋、磁octavc 气:351/3 j汗频稳。nt1.hrd oc1 n ve A:J !i 付;如;1l坐情流iii皮o

5、ctave bandwidth flter A:J8 1/3倍锁于电滤波器onc .lhird-octave filter A:;9 lt例带贸滤波器proportional b盯ldwidlhfilter 1 31 比例阻!proportional dampng 3, 100 标利n巾ili在i中nominal shck pulsc 4. 16 标准偏恙standarc1 deviation 1 15 i皮节lave3. 68 波长飞，wlpngth:).70 议峰时数crest factor 3. :)0 i吱目眩antinode i应数wave number 3. 71 i皮升?闷牧fo

6、rm factor 3, ,il j皮节norie :i.56 波判wave traln 3. 6日i皮阵面wavdront 3. 76 :在吗.逆传感苦苦unilatcral ttansducer 俨).例J 来中丰问mplng6. lO 采ff.rnj隔sampling interval 日.15采丰丰频i私samplng frequcncy 6. J 3 军:林时间sampling timc 日。11referenc巳,1 参数振动vbraton of parametric excitation 3. 25 自回报flutter 3.29 随丙f帧ultraonic frc气uency3

7、.自21tl振gallopng 3.30 迫在苦阪Ihysteretic dampi日在397 :V滞阻尼系数hy坦ttrftcdamping coefficient 丑.9日叫皮冲f如隔离苦苦冲击激励冲击脉冲冲击脉冲的标称ffi川1世T脉冲持续时间冲J:i试骏仲说试验机忡古?吸收器冲f甘响应锵冲J:i激动冲最f专i蕴辛辛纳传递荫数千奇i草率传i撞阻扰传感器1专感苦苦失真专燃烧中H移币1函数面在3在irf1缩掀动结t拉帮次声颇(k陈i皮次j皆波共书最响应带通滤波器中皆阪滤波音带再立自由度系统单位脉冲响版面自数倒频谱等效系统等效青争加速度等放静速度号事放粘除阻厄低j鼠浓浓器地回E再也做派苍白发处

8、:吉普电动jlfi动发生苦苦法j昆读丢在动问ifjt74J:fJ伊拉振吉普GB/T 2298 91 1:l hock wave shock sola 1m shock exctation shock pulsc nomnal value of a shock pulse duraton of shock puls巳shock te供tshock testng machine shock absorber shock response spectrum shock moton mpulse transfer mohiltv transfer func ton transmissibility t

9、ransfer impedance transducer transducer distortion transducer phase shift winclow function magnetostrictive vibration generator infrasonic frequency subharmonic subharmonic resonancc response band.pass filter band年rejectfilter D single degree.of.freedom syslem unit impulse response function cepstrum

10、 equivalent system equvalent statc acceleration pseudo velocity cquvalent viscous damping low-pass filtcr ground loop electromagnetic vibration generator electrodynamc vbration gcnc.rator alasing error dvnamic stiffness detuner ，. 22 飞).; l 1 ,1, : 1. 17 1 18 , :J:l 1.2 :1 5. 38 1、211, I 1, 6 2. .1礼

11、2萨322. 16 2. 39 5.25 广，J怜6,2-1 16 3. 83 :;.40 3, 92 A30 八132. 2G 2. 1 2. 19 2. 2- 6. :; (). G 3. 101 1 28 A23 S.40 . 39 6.7 2, 6 5.62 GB/T 2298 91 功JJr吸报告导dynamir. vibraton absorber S. G 1 动态系t先dynarnic system 2. 22 动，忽古占7分析仪dynamicSI日nalanalyzer S. :1另+t.哈1梅积分Iluhnll s in t.cgral J刷12对科1三角形冲击脉冲symm

12、etrical trangular :s hoc: k pulse 4. 12 Mmt精!容机销荒草虫草log8rthmic frequency swecp ratc j，町)、对敬1是械等豆logarithmic dccrernent 3. 101 .Il哟!吏系统multi-degree:-;.-or-frcedol11 systcm o 0阿时IF 反共派antlresQnance 1吕8)1.共派频然antiresonancc fr町quency3, 80 反作用主t振动发生苦苦reacton type vihration gen贮ratorS. il trf.气:vanance 1

13、1 分1).decibel 。.穴u。分辨事resoluton 122 粉红噪)lpink noisc 3. 13 岭nq，值peak斗。-peakvalue j , 48 峰好滤i成若曾peak明notchfilter 145 山革债pcak value 3. 17 才It闻fT模15uncoupled modes 3内61位于稳振动non.咱3.8 11线陀拍他刚尼non叩linearviscous damping 3, 1(18 w戏性振动nOfl-linear vibration :3.26 !非网路j掀动apcriodic vibration 3.3.1 复激励complex exc

14、itation 2, 33 ;.t响11们)mplexrespoIls巳2, H 峭的amplitude 3, 4li 幅僚失真amplitude distortion .).26 附加振动extra口eousvibration 3S3 1尊.If!.叫变族Fourier transforrn 1,) 傅月W政数Fouritr series A:; G !滋生到;士在nduced envronment 2.12 生飞#民resonanc.e 3.86 生t，书在翩然resonance fn_quency 3自7共极试马金r巳sonancetest 5. 30 共振振动j发4，滞resonanc

15、e vibration generator ,.-4 刚度stiffne 2, :3(1 li恍然础的系统目1频率fixedbase natural req飞lency3. 90 GB/T 2298-91 肖奇斯随机噪商Gaussian random noise 马.11 高i撞滤波器high-pass filter A2t 隔离榕isolator JF-J WLJ M 隔振将vibration isolator 引.56各态历经过程ergndic process b.29 跟踪如!皮器tracking filter /44 固有书运动模$natural mode of vibration J

16、. (11 惯性参考系inertal referencc system 2. 惯性传感器seismic pck-up ). ) I贺i问:力inertal force :酬1惯性系统selsmlC syste盯1内。1i立非黑process 八11过冲overshoot 2. j 7 过阪尼over damping 3. j 06 楼i皮transverse wave 3.75 横向灵敏度transverse SenSlt1Vlty 5.22 愤l句灵敏度比transverse sensitivity ratio 5.23 横向制transverse aXlS S.21 f泛应带宽滤i皮帮co

17、nstant-band width filter J飞3:5口陈锦齿冲击脉冲final peak 5a wtooth shock pulse 4. 10 互功率i替密度cross spectral density 6. 2 主相关函数cross-correlation function 6. ;j :J IJ:相关系数cross叩correlationco伫fficient.35 环境enVlfonment 2. II :f塌#运动ambent vbration 3. 32 时1宫echo :3.85 混f电chaos 3.31 混IIIJreverbera tion 3. gct J 缴le

18、vel 2.50 茶斗正附有搬动模:5fundamental natural mode 01 vibration :J.62 基本频率fundamental frequency 38 1在本周期fundamental period 3. 36 机电传感器electromechanical pck-up ,.4 机械冲岱mechanical shock j. 1 机械导纳mechanical mobility 2.43 机械系统mechanical system 2.21 机械自1抗mechanical impedanc 孔JG/T 2298 91 激阶excltatlOn 2. H 集合ens

19、embl. 6、ll极限巧、limit cycles t 10 加加速度jerk Z.S jJn泼皮acce lera tion 立，) 加J吆度1专J惑苦苦acccleromcter 5. 11 简i皆#震动simple harmonic vibration 3. ) 交叉千扰cros talk A24 交在索精ro:.;.s-ov巳rfr巳quency5. 角传!也非angular transducer s. tO 角仰、司Eangulr frequency 3. 43 静;道dcadwcigbt 主47矩形中i行脉冲rec:ta口自ulatshock pulse 4.14 绝对式传感榕a

20、b:solutE tnmsducer 5 均方根僚root-mean-叫uarevalue A14 均厅值mean-square value /11 均衡equalization /6 均自tnEa, n A12 K 有n里传!截然blateral transducet J一日快政等男IJ十变换(a s.t: Fourier transform G. 21 宽带虑j直吉普wide.band filt盯/41 贸楷附中凡报功broad-band random vibration 3. J 5 L 离散傅旦日十变换dscrete Fourier transform /7 1吗敞系统dscrete

21、system 2. 28 理想:中俞脉冲ideal shock pulse s .M专磁带苦force transdueer 5. 4 连续冲击阮bump 4. 7 连续冲击试验bump t.5t 5.31 连续涝cnttnuous spectrum 岛日连续系统contlOuous system 2.29 2过1七qu.antlzmg 6. 22 l恼界粘性|税.系数critcal vis(os damping coefficient 3. 103 l恼界主E度critical speed 3. 91 共敏Iltsensltlvlty 5. 18 汲敏轴sensltlve aXlS 5. 2

22、0 滤i旋苦#fi1 ter 125 皮榕的标称带宽nominal bandwidth 01 a filter 131 GB/T 2298 91 耳脉冲上丹时间pulse rise time 1. 19 脉冲下降时间pu!se drop-off tme 1. 2() 书建态参辈tmodal paramet盯3. GO 楼J都试验moda! test . :12 N 奈圣旨斯特频率Nyquist frequency 6.11 耐振试验endurance test 5. :1 1 粘性!现)已viscous damping 3.96 幸自性阪尼系数vscous damping coefficien

23、t ,). 102 报#专振动torsional vibration 3.2:3 。革商合模报coupled modes :i. GS P 于自beats :i. 41 J自赖beat frequency 3. 42 碰撞lmpact l. 5 贵资卫在frequency 3.37 频率分辨率frequency reso!ution G. 12 颇感失真frequency distortion 5.27 频率响应踊数frequency response function 2, 40 品质凶敬quality factor 3. 109 于1骨smoothin日6.16 平均average A13

24、 平丽i皮p!ane wave 3, 77 ，1稳过平是statlOnary process 6. 26 i持spectru盯l2. 48 Q 商trd曦馈的协冲击脉冲n t ial peak问wtoothshock pulse 4. J 1 欠冲undershoot 2. 18 欠|咀时under dampng 3. 105 ?虽白粉、strongly self-statonary 自27E非阿波spherical wave .3, 78 GB/T 2298-91 切变波shear wave 3.74 驱动点学纳drvingpoint mobility 2.H 岁J点阪抗drivingpoi

25、nt impedance 2. :l S 确定性报功deterministc vibraton 3. 6 H 手在!comptiancc 2.31 E商利分布Rayleigh distribution AI9 习马引粮、wcakly selfstationary 6.28 s 扫f前sweep 5. ，日扫描i惠且在sw巳(.13rate S. S 1 卢锁audio (requency 3.81 了持学acoustlCS 2. jO sound 2. 9 引起distortion A21 时间!好将time history 6.25 1/10的十倍!胁程onetenlh decade A37

26、 丁克口才分析realtime analysis 6.20 视在E质量apparent mass 2.47 水撇仪vibrograph 5. 16 受i且振动forced vibration 3. 19 费j(.1暗处E理data procssing 6. 17 数据点data ponts 。.9曼史据简化data reduction 6. 19 进ft块data block 6.自赞赏ft按照data handling 6. 18 数字浓浓苦苦digital filter A26 选fvelocity 2.2 浓度怜!感黯velocity pick问up5. 12 随机过程random pr

27、ocess 3(J 随机R噪firandom noise 3. 10 随机#运动random vibration 3. 7 瞬范$W功transient vibration 3.1西损耗r:tl奇货10$S factor 3. 99 Y 中第JB冲f行脉叫1trapezoidal shock pulse 1. j 跳跃Jump 3.28 i磁带j重带的标称上下戳止频率统计白朗度椭阴振动弯曲振动4立移位格传感帮稳;每掀动无阪尼固有频率系统系统的直在参数细化分析线i曹线性传感器线做拘捕迷毒草线性系统限制糕相对式传感器相干阙数响应相角相角法相撞栩平面相位失真校I!;系数i街i应引世漏信占全行彼循环循

28、环视自司循环周期fu阵主#民主动发:器114 GB/T 2298-91 pass.band 八27nominal upper a. nd lowcr cut-off frequences of the pa阳.band Al2 statistical degrees 01 Ireedom el1pticl vbraton bending vibration displacernent w displacement pick.up steady.state vibration undamped natural frequency x system complex parameter of a s

29、ystem zoom analysis line spectrurn linear transducer linear sweep rate linear system snubber relative transducer coberence funclon response phase angle phase angle difference phasor phase plane phase distortion calibraton factor harrnonic leakage signal travelin日wavecycle cycle range cycle period Y

30、piezoelec忖l(vibration generator 6. 4 3. , 3 .) ,).) . 2. 1 5. 13 3. 17 3. i，1 2.19 2. 35 5. 36 AS 5.6 日，且22.20 5. ( O 5. 3 6. 3 2.1D :1. -1-1 3.45 八乙AI 仇28.J. 19 3.39 6. 2 120 3. 79 3. 3: 5, 49 己18,. 45 GB/T 2298 - 91 压缩i皮compressional wave 3. 2 液!E振功发斗飞苦苦hydraulc vbraton generator 优势糊惠lorninant fre

31、quency 3. 1 (, 街交HW流effec!ve bandwidth 时.3甘白放平均时|问effective averaging time G. n 阴搅动circular vibr8tio日3. 35 z 华丰背滤i应榕narro、II-bandflter A40 5较丰节随机振动narrow-band random vibraton 3.14 E是7彗nOlse 3. 9 张弛#运动rel白xationvibraton 3.27 振荡oscillation 2. 8 惊动vbration 3. I 振动IJtt苦苦vibration gcnerator 5.3 书远洋发生苦苦系统

32、vibration generator system 5.38 振动Hvbrometer 5. 17 报动吉!1度vibration severty 0. S2 振动试验vibraton test 5.29 振动J模23mode 01 vihraton 3.5自书巨型mode shape 3 63 书E您的正交险orthogonality 01 mode shape 3.64 E:交丽数orthogonal functons AS i1:.矢仰i甘脉冲versine shock puls日4. 13 正:tfj，分布normal distribution A18 LEIM模态normal mo

33、de 3. 67 .t1接驱动振动发生器direct-drivc vbration generator 5.41 1在统传感器rectilinear transducer 5. 9 il:线振动rectilinear vibraton 3. 51 中心锁都centre Irequency /42 总1立移excurSlOn 3 19 纵i放longtudnal wave 3 73 纵向i旺动longitudinal vibration 3.主i了在1加速度acceleration 01 gravity 周期掀动periodic vibration :1. :2 主业标principal coo

34、rdinates :l. 8 J:i度standing wave 3. 80 彼此弦掀动quas-sinusoidal vibration :3. : 樵同期振动quasip巳riodicvibration 1. 3 自1力很谐4哥哥Eauto spectral density 6. 1 自激振动self excited vibration .,. 21 (3然环捕natund environment 2. 1 j 自相关E自数臼相关系御自由度自由掀动n抗阻扰头也M阪尼比脱脱防l句句靠西都阻尼榕i!h,olute transducer acceleration acceleration of

35、gravty accelerometer acoustlcs aliasn日crrorambient vibratin amplilude amplitude distortion angular frequency angular transducer antnode ant1reso08ncc antiresonance frequency apparent mass audo frequency autocorrelation coefficient 8Ulocorrelaton function auto spectral density averagc band-pass filte

36、r bnnd-reject filter beat frcquency GB!T 2298-91 autco盯elationfunction ;it1 tOorreI.lti(Jn coeHic:i已Mdegrees of freedom fr川二vibrat.ionimpedance mp机lancehead damping darnping ratio damped natural frequency damper 附羡C英汉索引|(补充1牛)A B 炮对式传!感苦苦加速度主在力加2是加速度怜!惑苦苦FE呼:j主1昆谈莲、环境掀动中国值幅僚乡k:j, F有频率角传感器i皮腹反共#民反共依赖

37、二字视节日质鼓前!脱自相关系数白相关的被自功*普密度千均带i阁浓浓淄带阪j虑i应帮拍频(;. 32 吧，:ll 。今C , )(, ， 2, 3时5. 15 :.93 :i. 1 (1) 3, 95 5.5日S. 2 2, 3 2. 1 5, 11 2.11:丁(_ 7 3.32 :j , ,16 3. 26 3. 1:3 S, 1 () 3. 57 3.88 :3.89 2.17 :3 , 81 1j.:H 6, 32 。iJ飞13.30 A.-l:; 3. .1 GB/T 2298-91 bea1s 于白江。41bel 贝尔2. 51 blateral transducer 同逆传感器5.

38、 8 blas1 爆炸波4. 21 broad而bandradom vibration 宽带由直机振动3.15 bump 连续冲击4.7 bump 1051 连续lljt甘于试慧在5.3 ,: C calbraton factor 校f在系、郑5.19 C巴ntrefrequency + ，频率J飞，%cep拍tru盯1倒贵啦?曹2.49 chaos ?能f也3. 31 cirular vibration 阙掀动3.55 coh巳rencefunction 相干函数6.3 omplex exdtation 主主激1i12. 33 complex parameter of a system 系统

39、的复参数2.35 complex tesponse 发响应2. 34 compliance 3在皮2. 31 compressional wave 压缩波3.72 cons1ant-bandwdth f11er f宜J带宽滤披着带A33 contmuous spectrum 连续谱A6 contmuous system 连续系统2.29 coupled modes 锅台模汗如3. 65 crcst factor 1皮峰回数3. 50 cr1cal speed l脂界速度3.1 critical v肘。usdamping coefficien1 临界粘4险阻尼采数3. 103 cross-cor

40、relation coefficent ?王栩关系数日.35cross over (rcquency 交越频率5.54 cross spectral density f.内功率谐富庶62 cross-1alk 交义干扰A24 cycle 循环3. 35 cycle perod 循环周期5. 18 D damped na1ural frequency R旺尼倒有赖斗盖3.95 damper 阻尼帮5.59 damping 阪尼3. 93 dampin日ratlo阻尼比3. 104 da1a block 费t书费焕6. 8 data handling 数据3在:111!币18l GB/T 2298

41、 91 data points 数据点6. :1 dat proces8ing 数据处理6. 17 data reduction 数据简化6. 19 d巳adw刷ght青争玉蓝5. 47 decibel 分Ut2.巳2degrees 01 freedom 白d道2.25 dct肝mnisticvibraton 确定性振动3. 6 detuncr 动力减极端:J.62 direct-driv巳vibrationgenerntor 直接驱动振动发叶t襟3.41 displacement f.移2. 1 di果placementpick.up 位移传感苦苦distortion 央主正A21 domi

42、nant frequency 优势频率3.16 drivin阶pointimpedance 驱动点阻抗2.38 driving-point mobility 驱动点导纳2.44 Duhamel s integral 校附梅和分2.42 duration of shock pulse 冲击脉冲持续时|问18 dynamic s日nalanalyzer 动态f商号分析仪5.35 dynamic stiff时ss动刚2.46 dynamic system 动态系统2. 22 dynamic vibration absorb盯动力吸振器5. 61 E echo 版!两3.85 effective av

43、eragng time 有放平均时|问6.37 effective bandwidth 有放斗苦觉6.36 electrodynamic vibration generator 电:WlJm动发生苦苦5.39 dec忖omagneticvbration generator 电磁搅动发生苦苦5. 40 clcctromechanical pick-up 相II包怜!霞器5. 4 clliptical vibration 梢阴掀动且，巳3巳ndurancetest 耐振试验5.31 cnsemhle 集合6.31 已nvronment环f竟2. 11 equalization 均书面M6 equi

44、valent static acc巳leration理手效静加速度65 叫uivalentsystem 号事究竟系统2.21 equivalcnt viscous damping 等效中占性|阳区3, 101 ergodic process 各i5历约过手电日.29伫xCltatlon激励2. 14 excurslOn 总立移:J. ，1 CXlr且neousvibration 附加振动3曲33GB/T 2298-91 F fast Fourier transform 快速傅月1时交换G. 21 flter 滤波器A25 final peak崎wtooth部hockpulse 后峰锯战冲击脉冲

45、4.10 fixed-base natural frequency 间。除然础的系统阴甸甸颇习怪3. 90 flutter 颤#民:l.29 forced vibration 受迫搅动3刷19force tran目ducer力传感吉普5.14 form factor 波形时数3. :i I F 0 urier series 傅f1!.阶级数A3 Fourier transform 傅!f!.叶交换A4 free vibration 自由振动3. 20 frequency 频率3. 37 fundamental frequ吧ncy基本频率3. 38 fundamental natural mod

46、e of vibration 若在本网有掀动模态3. 62 fundamental period 基本周期3. 36 G 日allopng弛#民3. 30 aussian r且domnoise 高斯随机喋?首3. II ground loop 地闵胳123 B halfine shock pulse 平IE弦冲击脉?中4. 9 harmonic i皆被3. 39 hesteretic damping 迟滞阻厄3. 9l hesteretie darnping coeHicient :精阪尼系敬3. 98 high明paS8filter 高通滤波普#A29 hydraulic vibraLon

47、generator 液lli掀动发生器5. 42 E ideal shock pul时E事，想冲击脉冲1.8 lInpact 碰攘4.5 impedance R阻扰2. 36 impcdance head 陨抗头.l.5 impulse 冲键4.日mduced日nVlronmentR事:t环境2.12 inertial force 惯性力2咽71日ertialrefercncc system 愤做参考2民2. 6 GB/T 2298-91 mfrasonic frequency 次声黯橄3.8: inilial peak sawtooth shock pulse 的峰锵俯冲击脉冲4, 11 1

48、日。lator隔离器飞机i) ;j J erk 灿灿速度L飞Jump 跳跃3.28 L leakag 泄漏6, 23 limit cycles 极限环AIO lne spectrum 古董谱15 linear swep rate 线YH牙揄荒草凉5. 52 lin巳arsystcm 线性系统2. 20 logarithmic decrement )1数衰减率3.107 logarithmic frequency 8weep rate 对数频率扫描迷惑S.53 longitudnal wave 纵l皮3.73 1088 faclor 损耗因数0.99 low.pass filter 低i阁滤i成苦苦A28 M magnetotrictive vibration gener.a tor 磁致伸缩振动发使然5, 46 mean 均