2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（江苏卷）英语及答案解析.docx

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1、2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（江苏卷）英语第二部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分35分）第一节：单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）请认真阅读下面各题，从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。例：Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild_heorshewants.A.however B.whatever C.whichever D.whenever答案是B。21.Byboatistheonlywaytogethere,whichis_wearrived.A.whereB.when C.whyD.how解析：考查名词性从句。

2、句意：乘船是到达这里唯一的途径，这就是我们如何到达的。分析which引导的非限定性定语从句可知，后面为表语从句。分析句意可知，这里用连接副词how引导表语从句，充当方式状语，表示“如何”。故选D。答案：D22.Kidsshouldnthaveaccesstoviolentfilmsbecausetheymight_thethingstheysee.A.indicateB.investigateC.imitateD.innovate 解析：考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：孩子不应该接触暴力电影，因为他们也许会模仿他们所见的事情。A.indicate指示；B.investigate调查；C.im

3、itate模仿；D.innovate改革。故选C。答案：C23.Self-drivingisanarea_Chinaandtherestoftheworldareonthesamestartingline.A.thatB.whereC.whichD.when解析：考查定语从句。句意：自动驾驶是一个中国和世界其它国家都在同一起跑线的领域。 句中先行词为area，在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where，相当于inwhich。故选B。答案：B24.Itsstrangethathe_havetakenthebookswithouttheownerspermission.A.would B.shou

4、ldC.couldD.might解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：真奇怪，他竟然没有主人的允许就拿走了这些书。在句型”Itisimportant/necessary/strange/impossible/naturalthat.”中，其中由that引导的主语从句通常用“should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气，其中的should可以省略。故选B。答案：B25.DevelopingtheYangtzeRiverEconomicBeltisasystematicprojectwhich_aclearroadmapandtimetable.A.callsforB.callson C.callsoffD.cal

5、lsup解析：考查动词短语词义辨析及语境理解。句意：发展长江经济带是一项需要清晰的路线图和时间表的系统工程。A.callsfor需要；B.callson号召；C.callsoff取消；D.callsup使想起。故选A。答案：A26.Around13,500newjobswerecreatedduringtheperiod,_theexpectednumberof12,000heldbymarketanalysts.A.havingexceededB.toexceedC.exceeded D.exceeding解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：在这期间，大约创造13,500个新的工作，超过市场分析师持

6、有的12,000的预期数量。分析全句可知，这里指前一件事情所带来自然而然的结果，故用现在分词作结果状语。故选D。答案：D27.Thereisagoodsociallifeinthevillage,andIwishI _asecondchancetobecomemoreinvolved.A.hadB.willhaveC.wouldhavehadD.havehad解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：在这个村里有很好的社交生活，并且我希望我再有机会去更多 的参与。本题考查wish引导的宾语从句，表示与现在事实相反的愿望，所以从句用一般过去时。故选A。答案：A 28.Youknowwhat?IvegotaNew

7、Yearconcertticket.Oh,_Yourekidding.A.sowhat?B.goahead.C.comeon.D.whatfor?解析：考查交际用语。句意：你知道是什么吗？我已经得到一张新年音乐会的票了。哦，得了吧，你开玩笑的吧。A.sowhat?那又怎么样？ B.goahead.去吧。C.comeon.得了吧。D.whatfor?为什么？交际用语中comeon表示“得了吧！算了吧！”，用来指责别人或表示不耐烦。故选C。答案：C 29._youcansleepwell,youwilllosetheabilitytofocus,planandstaymotivatedaftero

8、neortwonights.A.OnceB.UnlessC.IfD.When解析：考查连词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：除非你睡得好，否则一两个晚上之后，你会失去专注、计划和保持动力的能力。A.Once一旦；B.Unless除非；C.If如果；D.When当时候。故选B。答案：B30.Iwassenttothevillagelastmonthtoseehowthedevelopmentplan_inthepasttwo years.A.hadbeencarriedoutB.wouldbecarriedoutC.isbeingcarriedoutD.hasbeencarriedout解析：考查时态。

9、句意：上个月我被派到村里去看看在过去的两年里发展计划是如何执行的。根据句中时间状语lastmonth和inthepasttwoyears可知用过去完成时。故选A。答案：A31.Hopefullyin2025wewillnolongerbee-mailingeachother,forwe_moreconvenientelectroniccommunicationtoolsbythen.A.havedevelopedB.haddeveloped C.willhavedevelopedD.developed解析：考查时态。句意：希望在2025年，我们不再互相发电子邮件，因为到那时候我们将开发更方便的

10、电子通信工具。根据时间状语in2025，可知用将来时；再根据时间状语bythen 到那时，可知用完成时。结合两者可知用将来完成时。故选C。答案：C32.Trytounderstandwhatsactuallyhappeninginsteadofactingonthe_youvemade.A.assignmentB.associationC.acquisitionD.assumption解析：考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：试着去理解实际发生的事情，而不是按照你所做的假设行事。A.assignment分配；B.association交往；C.acquisition获得；D.assumption

11、假设。故选D。答案：D 33.Chinassoftpowergrows_theincreasingappreciationandunderstandingofChinaglobally.A.inlinewithB.inreplytoC.inreturnforD.inhonourof解析：考查介词短语词义辨析及语境理解。句意：中国的软实力增长与日俱增全球对中国的赏识和理解相一致。A.inlinewith按照；与.一致；B.inreplyto答复；C.inreturnfor作为.的报酬；D.inhonourof为纪念。故选A。答案：A34.Despitethepoorserviceofthehot

12、el,themanageris_toinvestinsufficienttrainingforhisstaff. A.keenB.reluctantC.anxiousD.ready解析：考查形容词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：尽管旅馆服务不好，经理还不愿投入为员工提供足够的培训。A.keen敏锐的；B.reluctant不情愿的；C.anxious渴望的；D.ready准备好的。故选B。答案：B35.Whathappened?Yourbossseemsto_.Didntyouknowhissecretaryleakedthesecretreporttothepress?A.beoverthemoo

13、nB.laughhisheadoff C.beallearsD.flyoffthehandle解析：考查习惯用语。句意：发生什么了？你老板看起来勃然大怒。你难道不知道他的秘书把秘密报告泄露给新闻界了吗？A.beoverthemoon非常高兴；B.laughhisheadoff笑的要死；C.beallears洗耳恭听；D.flyoffthehandle勃然大怒。故选D。 答案：D第二节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。RaynorWinnandherhusbandMothbecamehomelessdue

14、totheirwronginvestment.Theirsavingshadbeen36 topaylawyersfees.Tomakemattersworse,Mothwasdiagnosed（诊断）witha 37 disease.Therewasno 38 ,onlypainrelief.Failingtofindanyotherwayout,theydecidedtomakea 39 journey,astheycaughtsightofanoldhikers(徒步旅行者）guide.Thiswasalongjourneyofunaccustomedhardshipand 40 rec

15、overy.Whenleavinghome,RaynorandMothhadjust320inthebank.Theyplannedtokeepthe 41 lowbylivingonboilednoodles,withthe 42 hamburgershoptreat.Wildcampingis 43 inEngland.Toavoidbeingcaught,theWinnshadtogettheirtent up 44 .andpackeditawayearlyinthemorning.TheWinnssoondiscoveredthatdailyhikingintheir50sisalo

16、t 45 thantheyrememberitwasintheir20s.Raynor 46 alloveranddesiredabath.Moth,meanwhile,afteraninitial 47 ,foundhissymptomswerestrangely 48bytheirdailytiringjourney.49 ,thecouplefoundthattheirbodiesturnedforthebetter,withre-foundstrongmusclesthattheythoughthad 50 forever.Ourhairwasfriedandfallingout,na

17、ilsbroken,clothes51 toathread,butwewerealive.Duringthejourney,Raynorbeganacareerasanaturewriter.Shewrites, 52 hadtakeneverymaterialthingfrommeandleftmetornbare,anemptypageattheendofa(n) 53writtenbook.Ithadalsogivenmea 54 ,eithertoleavethatpage 55 ortokeepwritingthestorywithhope.Ichosehope.”36.A.draw

18、nup B.usedupC.backedupD.keptup解析：考查动词短语以及对语境的理解。A.drawnup起草；B.usedup用光；C.backedup拥堵；D.keptup保持。根据后面的topaylawyersfees.提示可知，他们的积蓄都用光了。故选B。答案：B37.A.mildB.commonC.preventable D.serious解析：考查形容词以及对语境的理解。A.mild温和的；B.common共同的；C.preventable可预防的；D.serious严重的。根据后句Therewasno 38 ,onlypainrelief.可知，Moth被诊断为严重的疾病

19、。故选D。答案：D 38.A.cureB.luckC.careD.promise解析：考查名词以及对语境的理解。A.cure对策；B.luck幸运；C.care关心；D.promise诺言。名词cure在这里表示“治疗的方法”。没有任何治疗的方法，只有止疼。故选A。答案：A39.A.businessB.walkingC.bus D.rail解析：考查名词以及对语境的理解。A.business事务；B.walking走；C.bus公交；D.rail栏杆。根据后句astheycaughtsightofanoldhikers(徒步旅行者）guide.可知，他们决定作一次徒步旅行。故选B。答案：B40

20、.A.expectedB.frighteningC.disappointingD.surprising解析：考查形容词以及对语境的理解。A.expected预期的；B.frightening令人害怕的；C.disappointing令人失望的；D.surprising令人惊讶的。这是一次漫长的旅程，经历了不寻常 的艰苦和惊人的恢复。故选D。答案：D41.A.budgetB.revenueC.compensationD.allowance解析：考查名词以及对语境的理解。A.budget预算；B.revenue税收；C.compensation赔偿；D.allowance津贴。他们计划靠吃煮面条来

21、维持低预算。故选A。答案：A42. A.frequentB.occasionalC.abundantD.constant 解析：考查形容词以及对语境的理解。A.frequent频繁的；B.occasional偶尔的；C.abundant大量的；D.constant不断的。偶尔到汉堡包店款待。故选B。答案：B43.A.unpopularB.lawfulC.attractiveD.illegal解析：考查形容词以及对语境的理解。A.unpopular不受欢迎的；B.lawful合法的；C.attractive吸引人的；D.illegal非法的。根据后句Toavoidbeingcaught,可知，在

22、英国，野营是非法的。故选D。答案：D 44.A.soonB.earlyC.lateD.slowly解析：考查副词以及对语境的理解。A.soon不久；B.early早的；C.late迟的；D.slowly慢慢地。根据后句andpackeditawayearlyinthemorning.中的early提示可知，他们不得不晚些时候把帐篷搭起来。故选C。答案：C45.A.harderB.easier C.cheaperD.funnier解析：考查形容词比较级以及对语境的理解。A.harder更难的；B.easier更容易的；C.cheaper更便宜的；D.funnier可笑的。根据常识可知，Winns

23、夫妇很快发现在他们50多岁的每日徒步旅行要比他们所记的在他们20多岁的每日徒步旅行要艰难的很多。故选A。答案：A46.A.rolledB.bledC.achedD.trembled解析：考查动词以及对语境的理解。A.rolled滚动；B.bled流血；C.ached疼；D.trembled 发抖。根据常识可知，Raynor浑身疼。故选C。答案：C47. A.struggleB.progressC.excitementD.research解析：考查名词以及对语境的理解。A.struggle斗争；B.progress进展；C.excitement激动；D.research研究。经过最初的与病魔作斗

24、争。故选A。答案：A48.A.developedB.controlledC.reducedD.increased 解析：考查动词以及对语境的理解。A.developed发展；B.controlled控制；C.reduced减少；D.increased增加。发现他的症状不可思议的减少了。故选C。答案：C49.A.InitiallyB.EventuallyC.TemporarilyD.Consequently解析：考查副词以及对语境的理解。A.Initially起初；B.Eventually最终；C.Temporarily临时地；D.Consequently因此。最终，这对夫妇发现他们的身体变好了

25、。故选B。答案：B 50.A.gainedB.keptC.woundedD.lost解析：考查动词以及对语境的理解。A.gained获得；B.kept保持；C.wounded受伤；D.lost失去。根据前句withre-foundstrongmuscles可知他们原以为永远失去的强壮的肌肉又再现了。故选D。答案：D51.A.sewnB.washed C.wornD.ironed解析：考查动词以及对语境的理解。A.sewn缝；B.washed洗；C.worn穿破；D.ironed熨。这里指他们的衣服破成了线状物。故选C。答案：C 52.A.DoctorsB.HikingC.LawyersD.Ho

26、melessness解析：考查名词以及对语境的理解。A.Doctors医生；B.Hiking徒步旅行；C.Lawyers律师；D.Homelessness无家可归。无家可归夺走了我所有的物质。故选D。答案：D53.A.wellB.partlyC.neatly D.originally解析：考查副词以及对语境的理解。A.well好；B.partly部分地；C.neatly整洁地；D.originally起初。在写已好书中的部分，最后有一页空白页。故选B。答案：B54.A.choiceB.rewardC.promiseD.break解析：考查名词以及对语境的理解。A.choice选择；B.rewa

27、rd报酬；C.promise许诺；D.break休息。根据后句eithertoleavethatpage 55 ortokeepwritingthestorywithhope.中eitheror可知这里是一种选择。它也给我一种选择。故选A。 答案：A55.A.looseB.fullC.blankD.missing解析：考查形容词以及对语境的理解。A.loose宽松的；B.full满的；C.blank空白的；D.missing失踪的。根据前文中anemptypageattheendofa(n) 53 writtenbook.可知要么留下那页空白，要么继续写着希望的故事。故选C。第三部分：阅读理解

28、(共15小题；每小题2分,满分30分)请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 ATheMetropolitanMuseumofArt 1000FifthAvenueNewYork,NY10028211-535-7710www.metmuseum.orgEntrancesFifthAvenueat82ndStreetHours Open7daysaweek.Sunday-Thursday10:00-17:30FridayandSaturday10:00-21:00ClosedThanksgivingDay,December25,January1,andth

29、efirstMondayinMay.Admission$25.00recommendedforadults,$12.00recommendedforstudents,includestheMainBuildingandTheCloisters(回廊）onthesameday;freeforchildrenunder12withanadult. FreewithAdmissionAllspecialexhibitions,aswellasfilms,lectures,guidedtours,concerts,gallerytalks,andfamily/childrensprogramsaref

30、reewithadmission.AskabouttodaysactivitiesattheGreatHallInformationDesk.TheCloistersMuseumandGardens TheCloistersmuseumandgardensisabranchofTheMetropolitanMuseumofArtdevotedtotheartandarchitectureofEuropeintheMiddleAges.Theextensivecollectionconsistsofmasterworksinsculpture,coloredglass,andpreciousob

31、jectsfromEuropedatingfromaboutthe9thtothe15thcentury.Hours:Open7daysaweek.March-October10:00-17:15November-February10:00-16:45ClosedThanksgivingDay,December25,andJanuary1.56.Howmuchmaytheypayifan11-year-oldgirlandherworkingparentsvisitthemuseum?A.$12.B.$37.C.$50.D.$62 解析：细节理解题。根据admission部分$25recomm

32、endedforadults， $12recommendedforstudents， freeforchildrenunder12withanadult可知11岁的女孩和她父母去参观博物馆只需付两个成人的票价即252=50，故答案为C。答案：C57.TheattractionoftheCloistersmuseumandgardensliesinthefactthat_.A.itopensalltheyearroundB.itscollectionsdatefromtheMiddleAgesC.ithasamodernEuropean-stylegardenD.itsellsexcellent

33、Europeanglasscollections 解析：细节理解题。根据文章TheCloistersMuseumandGardens部分theextensivecollectionconsistsofmasterworksinsculpture,coloredglass,andpreciousobjectsfromEuropedatingfromaboutthe9thtothe15thcentury.可以得知， TheCloistersMuseumandGardens的吸引人的地方 在于它的中古时期的收藏品，故选B。答案：B BInthe1760s,MathurinRozeopenedaser

34、iesofshopsthatboasted(享有)aspecialmeatsoupcalledconsomm.Althoughthemainattractionwasthesoup,Rozeschainshopsalsosetanewstandardfordiningout,whichhelpedtoestablishRozeastheinventorofthemodernrestaurant.Today,scholarshavegeneratedlargeamountsofinstructiveresearchaboutrestaurants.Takevisualhintsthatinflu

35、encewhatweeat:dinersservedthemselvesabout20percentmorepasta(意大利面食)whentheirplatesmatchedtheirfood.Whenadark-coloredcakewasservedonablackplateratherthanawhiteone,customersrecognizeditassweeterandmoretasty.Lightingmatters,too.WhenBerlinrestaurantcustomersateindarkness,theycouldnttell howmuchtheydhad:t

36、hosegivenextra-largesharesatemorethaneveryoneelse,nonethewisertheydidntfeelfuller,andtheywerejustasreadyfordessert.Timeismoney,butthatprinciplemeansdifferentthingsfordifferenttypesofrestaurants.Unlikefast-foodplaces,finediningshopsprefercustomerstostaylongerandspend.Onewaytoencouragecustomerstostaya

37、ndorderthatextraround:putonsomeMozart(莫扎特).Whenclassical,ratherthanpop,musicwasplaying,dinersspentmore.Fastmusichurrieddinersout.Particularscentsalsohaveaneffect:dinerswhogotthescentoflavender(薰衣草)stayedlongerandspentmorethanthosewhosmelledlemon,ornoscent.Meanwhile,thingsthatyoumightexpecttodiscoura

38、gespendingbadtables,crowding.highpricesdontnecessarily.Dinersatbadtablesnexttothekitchendoor,sayspentnearlyasmuchasothersbutsoonfled.Itcanbeconcludedthatrestaurantkeepersneednotbeoverlyconcernedaboutbadtables,giventhattheyreprofitable.Asforcrowds,aHongKongstudyfoundthattheyincreasedarestaurantsreput

39、ation,suggestinggreatfoodatfairprices.And doublingabuffetspriceledcustomerstosaythatitspizzawas11percenttastier.58.Theunderlinedphrasenonethewiserinparagraph3mostprobablyimpliesthatthecustomerswere .A.notawareofeatingmorethanusualB.notwillingtosharefoodwithothersC.notconsciousofthefoodqualityD.notfo

40、ndofthefoodprovided解析：词义猜测题。根据文章第三段划线部分的前句theycouldnttellhowmuchtheydhad:thosegivenextra-largesharesatemorethaneveryoneelse,可知在黑暗中，他们说不清自己吃了多少，再根据划线后的句子theydidntfeelfuller,andtheywerejustasreadyfordessert.可知他们虽然吃得很多，但并没有感觉更饱，仍然在等着吃甜点，所以他们没有意识到自己吃多了，所以A正确。答案：A 59.Howcouldafinediningshopmakemoreprofit

41、?A.Playingclassicalmusic.B.Introducinglemonscent.C.Makingthelightbrighter, D.Usingplatesoflargersize.解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的Onewaytoencouragecustomerstostayandorderthatextraround:putonsomeMozart(莫扎特）可知，要想让客人呆的时间更长应该播放莫扎特等古典音乐而不是流行音乐。Particularscentsalsohaveaneffect:dinerswhogotthescentoflavender(薰衣草）stayed

42、longerandspentmorethanthosewhosmelledlemon,ornoscent.引入薰衣草香而不是柠檬香，而D项文章没有提及，所以用排除方法可以选A。答案：A60.Whatdoesthelastparagraphtalkabout?A.Tipstoattractmorecustomers.B.Problemsrestaurantsarefacedwith. C.Waystoimproverestaurantsreputation.D.Commonmisunderstandingsaboutrestaurants.解析：主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段第一句Meanwhil

43、e,thingsthatyoumightexpecttodiscouragespendingbadtables,crowding， highpricesdontnecessarily.可知你认为可能会影响人们消费的因素如不好的桌子，拥挤以及高价等不一定会真影响人们的消费，然后依次举例进行了证明，所以本段主要讲的是人们对于饭店的几个误解，故选D。答案：D CIfyouwanttodisturbthecarindustry,youdbetterhaveafewbilliondollars:Mom-and-popcarmakersareunlikelytobeatthebiggestcarcompa

44、nies.Butinagriculture,smallfarmerscanget thebestofthemajorplayers.Byconnectingdirectlywithcustomers,andbyrespondingquicklytochangesinthemarketsaswellasintheecosystems(生态系统),smallfarmerscankeeponestepaheadofthebigguys.Astheco-founderoftheNationalYoungFarmersCoalition(NYFC,美国青年农会)andafamilyfarmermysel

45、f.Ihaveafront-rowseattotheinnovationsamongsmallfarmersthataretransformingtheindustry.Forexample,taketheQuickCutGreensHarvester,atooldevelopedjustacoupleofyearsagobyayoungfarmer,JonathanDysinger,inTennessee,withasmallloanfromalocalSlowMoneygroup.Itenablessmall-scalefarmerstoharvest175poundsofgreenveg

46、etablesperhourahugeimprovementoverharvestingjustafewdozenpoundsbyhandsuddenlymakingitpossibleforthelittleguystocompetewithlargefarmsofCalifornia.Beforethetoolcameout,smallfarmerscouldnttouchthepriceperpoundofferedbyCaliforniafarms.Butnow,withthecombinationofabetterpricepointandagenerallyfresherprodu

47、ct,theycanstayinbusiness.Thesustainablesuccessofsmallfarmers,though,wonthappenwithoutfundamentalchanges totheindustry.Onecrucialfactorissecureaccesstoland.Competitionfrominvestors,developers,andestablishedlargefarmersmakesowningonesownlandunattainableformanynewfarmers.From2004to2013,agriculturalland

48、valuesdoubled,andtheycontinuetoriseinmanyregions.Anotherchallengeformorethanamillionofthemostqualifiedfarmworkersandmanagers isanon-existentpathtocitizenshipthegreatestbarriertobuildingafarmoftheirown.Withfarmersovertheageof65outnumbering(多于）farmersyoungerthan35bysixtoone,andwithtwo-thirdsofthenatio

49、nsfarmlandinneedofanewfarmer,wemustclearthepathfortalentedpeoplewillingtogrowthenationsfood.Therearesolutionsthatcouldlightapathtowardamoresustainableandfairfarmeconomy,butfarmerscantclumsilyputthemtogetherbeforeus.WeattheNYFCneedbroadsupportasweurgeCongresstoincreasefarmlandconservation,aswepushforimmigrationreform,andasweseekpoliciesthatwillensurethesuccessofadiverseandambitiousnextgenerationoffarmsfromallbackgrounds.WithanewfarmbilltobedebatedinCongress,consumersmusttakeastandwithyou