2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（新课标Ⅰ卷）英语及答案解析.docx

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1、2018 年 普 通 高 等 学 校 招 生 全 国 统 一 考 试 （ 新 课 标 卷 ） 英 语第 一 部 分 听 力 （ 略 ）第 二 部 分 阅 读 理 解 （ 共 两 节 ， 满 分 40 分 ）第 一 节 （ 共 15 小 题 ， 每 小 题 2 分 ， 满 分 30 分 ）阅 读 下 列 短 文 ， 从 每 题 所 给 的 A、 B、 C 和 D 四 个 选 项 中 ， 选 出 最 佳 选 项 。AWashington, D.C. Bicycle ToursCherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.Duration TourThis

2、small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see a world-famous cherry trees withbeautiful flowers of Washington, D.C. Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees andthe famous monuments where they blossom. Reserve your spot before availability the cherry blossomsdisappear!Washington Cap

3、ital Monuments Bicycle TourDuration:3 hours (4 miles)Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington, D.C.Explore the monuments and memorials on the National Mall as your guide shares unique facts andhistory at each stop. Guided tour includes bike, helmet, cookies a

4、nd bottled water.Capital City Bike Tour In Washington, D.C.Duration:3 hoursMorning orAfternoon, this bike tour is the perfect tour for D. C. newcomers and localslooking to experience Washington, D.C. in a healthy way with minimum effort. Knowledgeableguides will entertain you with the most ,interest

5、ing stories about Presidents, Congress, memorials,and parks. Comfortable bikes and a smooth tour route(路 线 ） make cycling between the sites funand relaxing. Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle TourDuration:3 hours(7miles)Join a small group bike tour for an evening of exploration in the heart o

6、f Washington, D.C.Get up close to the monuments and memorials as your bike the sites of Capitol Hill and theNational Mall. Frequent stops are made for photo taking as your guide offers unique facts andhistory. Tour includes bike, helmet, and bottled water.All riders are equipped with reflective vest

7、sand safety lights.21. Which tour do you need to book in advance?A. Cherry Blossom like Tour in Washington, D.C.B. Washington capital Monuments Bicycle Tour.C. Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, D. C.D. Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour解 析 ： 细 节 理 解 题 。 根 据 文 章 Cherry Blossom Bike To

8、ur in Washington, D.C.中 的 Reserve your spot before availability 可 知 ， 这 个 骑 行 项 目 需 要 提 前 预 约 。 故 选 A。答 案 ： A22. What will you do on the Capital City Bike Tour?A. Meet famous people. B. Go to a national park.C. Visit well-known museums.D. Enjoy interesting stories.解 析 ： 细 节 理 解 题 。 根 据 文 章 Capital C

9、ity Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.中 的 Knowledgeableguides will entertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents, Congress, memorials,and parks.可 知 ， 在 这 个 活 动 中 ， 你 可 以 享 受 有 趣 的 故 事 。 故 选 D。答 案 ： D23. Which of the following does the bicycle tour at night provide?A. City maps.B. Camer

10、as.C. Meals.D. Safety lights 解 析 ： 细 节 理 解 题 。 根 据 文 章 Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour 中 的 All riders areequipped with reflective vests and safety lights.可 知 ， 所 有 骑 行 者 都 要 装 备 反 光 背 心 和 安 全 手 电筒 。 故 选 D。答 案 ： D BGood Morning Britains Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the so

11、fa every morning,but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role showing families how to prepare delicious andnutritious meals on a tight budget.In Save Money: Good Food, she visits a different home each week and with the help of chefMatt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste, while p

12、reparing recipes for under 5 perfamily a day.And the Good Morning Britain presenter says shes been able to put a lot of whatshes leant into practice in her own home, preparing meals for sons, Sam,14, Finn,13, and Jack, 11. We love Mexican churros, so I buy them on my phone from my local Mexican take

13、awayrestaurant, she explains. I pay 5 for a portion（ 一 份 ） , but Matt makes them for 26p a portion,because they are flour, water, sugar and oil. Everybody can buy takeaway food, but sometimeswere not aware how cheaply we can make this food ourselves. The eight-part series（ 系 列 节 目 ） , Save Money: Go

14、od Food, follows in the footsteps of ITVs Save Money: Good Health, which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast rangeof health products on the market.With food our biggest weekly household expense, Susanna and Matt spend time with adifferent family each week. In tonights Easter specia

15、l they come to the aid of a family in need ofsome delicious inspiration on a budget. The team transforms the familys long weekend ofcelebration with less expensive but still tasty recipes.24. What do we know about Susanna Reid? A. She enjoys embarrassing her guests.B. She has started a new programme

16、.C. She dislikes working early in the morning.D. She has had a light budget for her family.解 析 ： 细 节 理 解 题 。 根 据 文 章 第 一 段 知 道 Good Morning Britain s Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning, but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role 可 知 ， 她开 辟 了 一 个 新 的 节 目 。 故 选 B。答

17、 案 ： B25. How does Matt Tebbutt help Susanna?A. He buys cooking materials for her.B. He prepares food for her kids.C. He assists her in cooking matters.D. He invites guest families for her.解 析 ： 细 节 理 解 题 。 根 据 文 章 第 二 段 中 的 In Save Money: Good Food, she visits a different homeeach week and with the

18、 help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste,while preparing recipes for under 5 per family a day.可 知 ， Susanna 在 Matt Tebbutt 的 帮 助 下 ，提 供 如 何 减 少 食 物 浪 费 同 时 给 每 日 生 活 费 低 于 5 英 镑 的 每 个 家 庭 准 备 食 谱 。 故 选 C。 解 题 关 键 词 ： 同 义 词 表 达 with the help of 和 help。答 案 ： C26. What doe

19、s the author intend to do in paragraph 4?A. Summarize the previous paragraphs.B. Provide some advice for the readers.C.Add some background information.D. Introduce a new topic for discussion.解 析 ： 写 作 意 图 题 。 根 据 文 章 第 四 段 中 的 which gave viewers advice on how to get value fromthe vast range of healt

20、h products on the market.可 知 ， Save Money: Good Food 节 目 是 SaveMoney: Good Health 节 目 之 后 ， 给 观 众 一 些 建 议 ： 如 何 从 众 多 的 市 场 上 的 健 康 产 品 中 获 取 价值 。 故 选 C。答 案 ： C 27. What can be a suitable title for the text?A. Keeping Fit by Eating SmartB. Balancing Our Daily DietC. Making yourself a Perfect ChefD.

21、Cooking Well for Less解 析 ： 主 旨 要 义 题 。 根 据 文 章 的 整 体 内 容 可 知 ， 文 章 作 者 一 直 在 讲 如 何 用 较 少 的 钱 做 出 好 的食 物 。 根 据 文 章 中 的 prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget. 在 资 金 紧 张 的 情况 下 ， 准 备 可 口 且 有 营 养 的 饭 菜 ； how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under5 per family a day. 如

22、何 减 少 食 物 浪 费 同 时 给 每 日 生 活 费 低 于 5 英 镑 的 每 个 家 庭 准 备 食 谱 ；how cheaply we can make this food ourselves. 我 们 自 己 做 这 种 食 物 有 多 便 宜 ； less expensivebut still tasty recipes.不 贵 可 仍 然 可 口 的 食 谱 。 可 以 推 知 D 正 确 。答 案 ： D CLanguages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times the

23、re hasbeen less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers,small, tightly knit（ 联 系 ） groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other. Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten millionpeop

24、le, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and theirlanguages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centres, trade, industrialisation.the development of the nation-state and the spread of univer

25、sal compulsory education. Especiallyglobalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many Languagesto disappear, and dominant languages such as English Spanish and Chinese are increasinglytaking over.At present, the world has about 6 800 languages. The distribution of

26、 these languages ishugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages. Often spoken bymany people while hot. wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has onlyaround 200 Languages: theAmericas about 1,000.Africa 2 400; andAsia and the Pacific perhaps3,2

27、00, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number（ 中 位 数 ） of speakers is a mere 6.000, which means that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewerpeople than that.Already well over 400 of the total of, 6,800 languages are close to extinction（ 消 亡 ） , withonly a fe

28、w elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon (eight remainingspeakers),Chiapaneco in Mexico(150). Lipan Apache in the United States(two or three)or WadjiguinAustralia (one, with a question-mark): none of these seems to have much chance of survival.28. What can we infer about languages

29、 in hunter gatherer times?A. They developed very fast.B. They were large in number.C. They had similar patters.D. They were closely connected解 析 ： small, tightly knit（ 联 系 ） groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of eachother. when the world had just five to ten million people, th

30、ey spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.可 知 ， 当 世 界 以 依 靠 狩 猎 为 生 的 人 居 住 的 时 候 ， 小 而 联 系 紧 密 的 群 落 形 成 了 他们 彼 此 之 间 独 立 的 讲 话 模 式 。 当 世 界 上 的 人 口 数 量 不 到 一 千 万 时 ， 语 言 种 类 达 到 了 12000种 。 由 此 推 知 ， 当 时 的 语 言 种 类 很 多 。 故 选 B。答 案 ： B29. Which of the following best explains dominant underlined i

31、n paragraph 2？A. Complex.B.Advanced.C. Powerful.D. Modem.解 析 ： 猜 测 词 义 题 。 根 据 文 章 第 二 段 中 的 dominant languages such as English, Spanish andChinese are increasingly taking over.可 知 ， 英 语 、 西 班 牙 语 和 汉 语 正 在 替 代 其 他 语 言 。 由 此 推知 dominant languages 意 为 ： 强 有 力 的 语 言 。 故 选 C。 答 案 ： C30. How many langua

32、ges are spoken by less than 6, 000 people at present?A.About 6 800B.About 3 400 C.About 2.400D.About 1-200解 析 ： 细 节 理 解 题 。 根 据 文 章 第 三 段 中 的 At present, the world has about 6,800 languages.和The median number (中 位 数 ) of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the world slanguages are spoken

33、 by fewer people than that. 可 知 ， 目 前 世 界 上 大 约 有 6800 种 语 言 ， 但 是讲 的 人 数 少 于 6000 人 的 占 一 半 即 3400.故 选 B。答 案 ： B31. What is the main idea of the text?A. New languages will be created.B. Peoples lifestyles are reflected in languagesC. Human development results in fewer languagesD. Geography determin

34、es language evolution. 解 析 ： 主 旨 要 义 题 。 根 据 文 章 第 一 段 中 的 主 题 句 Languages have been coming and going forthousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going.可 知 ， 语言 的 产 生 和 消 失 进 行 了 几 千 年 ， 但 最 近 时 代 语 言 产 生 的 少 ， 消 失 的 太 多 。 故 选 C。答 案 ： C DWe may think were a c

35、ulture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight ofsomething shiny and new, but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices（ 装 置 ） wellafter they go out of style. Thats bad news for the environment and our wallets as theseoutdated devices consume much more energy than the newe

36、r ones that do the same things.To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues atthe Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for eachproduct throughout its life from when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the de

37、vice. This method provided a readout for how home energy use has evolved since the early 1990s.Devices were grouped by generation Desktop computers, basic mobile phones, and box-setTVs defined 1992. Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997. And MP3 players, smart phones,and LCD TVs entered homes

38、 in 2002, before tablets and e-readers showed up in 2007.As we accumulated more devices, however, we didnt throw out our old ones. Theliving-room television is replaced and gets planted in the kids room, and suddenly one day, youhave a TV in every room of the house, said one researcher. The average

39、number of electronicdevices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007. Were not just keeping these olddevices we continue to use them. According to the analysis of Babbitts team, old desktopmonitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumptionand co

40、ntribution to greenhouse gas emissions（ 排 放 ） more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007window.So whats the solution（ 解 决 方 案 ） ? The teams data only went up to 2007, but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics thatserve more than one f

41、unction, such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing. They foundthat more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computerscould cut energy consumption by 44%.32. What does the author think of new devices? A. They are environment-friendly.B. They are no better t

42、han the old.C. They cost more to use at home.D. They go out of style quickly.解 析 ： 观 点 态 度 题 。 根 据 文 章 第 一 段 中 的 Thats bad news for the environment and our wallets as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the samethings.可 知 ， 使 用 旧 的 电 子 设 备 对 环 境 和 我 们 的 钱 包 都

43、是 坏 消 息 。 这 些 过 时 的 设 备 做 相 同 的事 情 要 消 耗 比 新 设 备 更 多 的 能 量 。 由 此 推 知 作 者 认 为 新 电 子 设 备 环 保 、 节 能 。 故 选 A。答 案 ： A33. Why did Babbitts team conduct the research?A. To reduce the cost of minerals.B. To test the life cycle of a product. C. To update consumers on new technology.D. To find out electricity

44、 consumption of the devices.解 析 ： 细 节 理 解 题 。 根 据 文 章 第 二 段 中 的 To figure out how much power these devices are using,Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked theenvironmental costs for each product throughout its life 可 知 ， Babbitts team 研 究 的 目

45、的 是 弄 清楚 这 些 设 备 用 了 多 少 电 。 故 选 D。答 案 ： D34. Which of the following uses the least energy?A. The box-set TV.B. The tablet.C. The LCD TV.D. The desktop computer. 解 析 ： 细 节 理 解 题 。 根 据 文 章 最 后 一 段 中 的 They found that more on-demand entertainmentviewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers

46、could cut energy consumption by 44%.可 知 ， 平 板 电 脑 是 耗 能 最 少 的 电 子 设 备 ， 可 以 降 低 44%的 耗 能 。 故 选 B。答 案 ： B35. What does the text suggest people do about old electronic devices?A. Stop using them.B. Take them apart.C. Upgrade them.D. Recycle them.解 析 ： 推 理 判 断 题 。 根 据 文 章 的 整 体 内 容 可 知 ， 因 为 旧 的 电 子 设

47、备 耗 能 高 ， 不 环 保 。 所 以 作者 建 议 停 止 使 用 旧 的 电 子 设 备 。 故 选 A。答 案 ： A 第 二 节 （ 共 5 小 题 ， 每 小 题 2 分 ， 满 分 10 分 ）根 据 短 文 内 容 ， 从 短 文 后 的 选 项 中 选 出 能 填 入 空 白 处 的 最 佳 选 项 。 选 项 中 有 两 项 为 多 余选 项 。Color is fundamental in home designsomething youll always have in every room. A grasp of how to manage color in you

48、r spaces is one of the first steps to creating rooms youll loveto live in. Do you want a room thats full of life? Professional? Or are you just looking for a placeto relax after a long day? 36 , color is the key to making a room feel the way you want itto feel.Over the years, there have been a numbe

49、r of different techniques to help designers approachthis important point. 37 , they can get a little complex .But good news is that thererereally only three kinds of decisions you need to make about color in your home: the small ones,the medium ones, and the large ones.38 . Theyre the little spots of color like throw pillows ,mirrors and baskets thatmost of us use to add visual interest to our rooms .Less tiring than painting your walls and lessexpensive than buying a colorful sofa ,small color choices bring with them the significant benefitof being easily changeable .Medium color c