2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（北京卷）英语及答案解析.docx

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1、2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（北京卷）英语第一部分：知识运用第一节单项填空从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。例：Its so nice to hear from her again. _, we last met more than thirty years ago.A. Whats more B. Thats to sayC. In other words D. Believe it or not答案是D。1. Hi, Im Peter.Are you new here? I havent seen you around?Hello, Peter.

2、 Im Bob. I just _ on Monday.A. start B. have startedC. startedD. had started解析：考查时态。句意：嗨，我是彼得。你是新来的吗？我没有在附近见过你。你好，彼得。我是鲍勃。我周一刚刚开始住在这儿。根据两人谈话内容可知，Bob现在在这儿，他开始(start)住在这儿是发生在周一的事情，周一是一个过去的时间，故该句应用一般过去时态，C选项正确。答案：C2. _ we dont stop climate change, many animals and plants in the world will be gone.A.Alt

3、houghB. WhileC. If D. Until解析：考查状语从句。句意：如果我们不阻止气候变化，那么世界上的很多动植物将会消失。动植物为灭绝的前提条件是阻止气候变化。Although尽管，while当的时候，尽管，然而，if如果，until直到，故选C。答案：C3. _ along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experienceA. TravelB. TravelingC. Having traveledD. Traveled解析：考查动名词。句意：沿着丝绸之路旅行是一次既有趣又有益的经历。“_ along th

4、e oldSilk Road”做主语，要用动名词，故B选项正确。 答案：B4. Susan had quit her well-paid job and _ as a volunteer in the neighborhood when Ivisited her last year.A. is working B. was workingC. has workedD. had worked解析：考查时态。句意：Susan已经辞去了高薪的工作。去年当我探望她的时候，她正在一个社区里做志愿者。Susan辞职发生在她当志愿者之前，had quit是过去完成时态，过去完成时态通俗的说就是“过去的过去”

5、，且结合时间状语when I visited her last year可知，Susan做志愿者是过去的某个时间段发生的情况，故该空应用过去进行时态。B选项正确。答案：B5. She and her family bicycle to work, _ helps them keep fit.A. whichB. whoC. as D. that解析：考查非限制性定语从句。句意：她和家人骑自行车去上班，这有助于她们保持健康。“_ helps them keep fit”是非限制性定语从句，该从句修饰整个主句，引导词在从句中做主语，故该从句应用关系代词which引导。A选项正确。答案：A6. Du

6、ring the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members often gather together _ a meal,admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes.A. shareB. to shareC. having sharedD. shared解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：在中秋节期间，家人们通常会聚在一起吃饭，赏月，品尝月 饼。gather是谓语动词，“_ a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes”是状语，家人聚在一起的目的是吃饭，赏月，品尝月饼，表目的用动词不定式，故B选项正

7、确。答案：B7. Chinas high-speed railways _ from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years.A. are growingB. have grownC. will growD. had grown解析：考查时态。句意：在过去的几年里，中国的高速铁路已经从9,000公里增长到25,000公里。该句时间状语为in the past few years。中国高速铁路的增长是从过去一直到现在几年里的情况，故该句应用现在完成时态。B选项正确。答案：B 8. In any unsafe situation, simp

8、ly _ the button and a highly-trained agent will get you thehelp you need.A. pressB. to press C. pressingD. pressed解析：考查祈使句。句意：在任何不安全的情况下，仅仅摁一下这个按钮，一个训练有素的特工就会使你得到你需要的帮助。and是连词，连接并列结构，and后面是一个句子，那么，前面也应是句子，选项中只有动词原形可以构成祈使句，其余的都是非谓语动词，无法构成句子。故A选项正确。答案：A9.Arescue worker risked his life saving two touri

9、sts who _ in the mountains for twodays.A. are trappingB. have been trappedC. were trapping D. had been trapped解析：考查语态和时态。句意：一个救援人员冒着生命危险挽救了两个被困在山里两天的旅游者。“who _ in the mountains for two days”是定语从句，修饰two tourists，two tourists和trap之间是被动关系，该空应用被动语态。由risked可知，营救人员救游客是过去的事情，被困两天发生在营救人员救了他们之前，即“过去的过去”，该空应用

10、过去完成时态。综上，D选项正确。答案：D10. Ordinary soap, _ correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively.A. usedB. to useC. usingD. use 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：如果正确使用的话，普通的肥皂可以有效地处理细菌。Ordinarysoap can deal with bacterial effectively是主句，_ correctly是非限制性定语，修饰ordinary soap，ordinary soap和use之间是被动关系，故要用过去分词，A选项正确。答案：A11. Without hi

11、s support, we wouldnt be _ we are now.A. howB. whenC. whereD. why解析：考查名词性从句。句意：没有他的支持，我们是不会在现在这个位置的。how表方式，when表时间，where表地点，why表原因。“_ we are now”是表语从句，结合句子的意思可知，该处指我们所处的位置，故该从句应用where引导。C选项正确。 答案：C12. In todays information age, the loss of data _ cause serious problems for a company.A. needB. should

12、 C. canD. must解析：考查情态动词。句意：在今天的信息时代，数据的丢失有时会对一个公司造成严重的问题。数据丢失造成严重问题是客观上会发生的情况，即“客观可能性”，故该空应用情态动词can。C选项正确。其余情态动词均没有该用法。need需要；should应该，竟然；must必须，肯定。答案：C13. They might have found a better hotel if they _ a few more kilometers.A. droveB. would driveC. were to driveD. had driven 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：如果他们多开几公里的

13、话，他们也许会找到一个更好的旅馆。由“they might have found a better hotel”可知，该句是表示对过去的虚拟。if _ a few morekilometers是条件句部分，表示对过去的虚拟，条件句部分要用过去完成时态，故D选项正确。答案：D14. Good morning, Mr. Lees office.Good morning. Id like to make an appointment _ next Wednesday afternoon.A. forB. onC. inD. at解析：考查介词。句意：早上好，Lee先生办公室。早上好。我想预约下周三下

14、午 （和Mr. Lee见面）。make an appointment for意为“为预约”，是固定搭配，故A选项正确。答案：A15. This is _ my father has taught meto always face difficulties and hope for the best.A. howB. whichC. thatD. what解析：考查名词性从句。句意：这是我父亲教我的总是要面对困难，抱最大的希望。“_ my father has taught me”是表语从句，该空在从句中做teach的宾语，且表示“父亲教我的道理”，故该从句应用what引导。D选项正确。引导名词

15、性从句时，how表方式，意为“如何”；which意为“哪一个”，that在只起引导从句的作用，不做成分。 答案：D第二节完形填空阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。The Homeless Hero For many, finding an unattended wallet filled with 400 in cash would be a source（来源）oftemptation（诱惑）. But the _16_ would no doubt be greater if you were living on the streetswith

16、little food and money.All of this makes the actions of the homeless Tom Smith _17_more remarkable.After spotting a _18_ on the front seat inside a parked car with its window down, hestood guard in the rain for about two hours waiting for the _19_ to return.After hours in the cold and wet, he _20_ in

17、side and pulled the wallet out hoping tofind some ID so he could contact（联系）the driver, only to _21_ it contained 400 in notes,with another 50 in spare change beside it.He then took the wallet to a nearby police station after _22_ a note behind to let theowner know it was safe. When the cars owner J

18、ohnAnderson and his colleague Carol Lawrencereturned to the carwhich was itself worth 35, 000in Glasgow city centre, they were_23_ to find two policemen standing next to it. The policemen told them what Mr. Smith did and that the wallet was _24_.The pair were later able to thank Mr. Smith for his _2

19、5_.Mr.Anderson said：I couldnt believe that the guy never took a penny. To think he issleeping on the streets tonight _26_ he could have stolen the money and paid for a place tostay in. This guy has nothing and_27_ he didnt take the wallet for himself；he thought about others _28_. Itsunbelievable. It

20、 just proves there are _29_ guys out there.Mr. Smiths act _30_ much of the publics attention. He also won praise from socialmedia users after Mr.Anderson _31_ about the act of kindness on Facebook.Now Mr.Anderson has set up an online campaign to _32_ money for Mr. Smith andother homeless people in t

21、he area, which by yesterday had received8,000.I think the faiththat everyone has shown _33_ him has touched him. People have been approaching him inthe street; hes had job _34_ and all sorts,Mr.Anderson commented. For Mr. Smith, this is a possible life-changing _35_. The story once again tells us th

22、atone good turn deserves another.16.A. hopeB. aimC. urgeD. effort解析：考查名词词义辨析。A. hope希望；B. aim目标；C. urge强烈的欲望，冲动；D. effort努力。上一句提到，对很多人来说，一个装有400无人看管的钱包是一种诱惑（它诱惑着人们将其据为己有）。结合该句中的比较级greater可知，对于一个无家可归的人来说，这样的一个钱包是一个更大的诱惑，将其据为己有的欲望会更大。该空对应上一句中的“a source （ 来 源 ） of temptation（ 诱惑） ”， C选项正确。答案：C17.A. sti

23、llB. even C. everD. once解析：考查副词词义辨析。A. still仍然；B. even更加，愈发，甚至；C. ever曾经；D. once曾经，一度。所有这一切使得流浪汉Tom Smith的行为更加的不同寻常。 even在该句中修饰比较级more remarkable。 B选项正确。答案：B18.A. walletB. bagC. boxD. parcel 解析：考查名词词义辨析。A. wallet钱包；B. bag包；C. box盒子，箱子；D. parcel包裹，包袱。由第三段中的After hours in the cold and wet, he 20 insid

24、e and pulled the walletout hoping to find some ID可知， Tom Smith发现一辆汽车的前排座上有一个钱包。当时这辆车停在那儿，窗户摇了下来。 A选项正确。答案：A19.A. partnerB. colleagueC. ownerD. policeman解析：考查名词词义辨析。A. partner同伴，伙伴；B. colleague同事；C. owner主人；D. policeman 警察。Tom冒雨等待车主回来。C选项正确。答案：C20.A. turnedB. hidC. steppedD. reached解析：考查动词词义辨析。A. tur

25、ned转动；B. hid藏，隐藏；C. stepped迈步，举步；D. reached伸手去拿，到达。由后面的pulled the wallet out可知，在雨里等了数个小时后， Tom将手伸进车窗，将钱包拿了出来。D选项正确。答案：D21. A. discoverB. collectC. checkD. believe解析：考查动词词义辨析。A. discover发现；B. collect搜集；C. check核对，检查；D. believe 相信。Tom将钱包拿出来企图找到一些身份证明，这样他就能联系司机了，结果他却发现钱包里装着400的纸币和50的零钱。A选项正确。答案：A22.A.

26、takingB. leavingC. readingD. writing解析：考查动词词义辨析。A. taking带走；B. leaving留下，落下，离开；C. reading读；D.writing写。他拿着钱包去了附近的警察局，在车上留下了一张便条，其目的是让车主知道他的钱包是安全的。B选项正确。 答案：B23.A. satisfiedB. excitedC. amusedD. shocked解析：考查形容词词义辨析。A. satisfied满意的；B. excited兴奋的；C. amused被逗乐的；D. shocked震惊的。当车主返回时，发现自己的车边有警察，应该感到很惊讶。故D选

27、项正确。答案：D24.A. safeB. missing C. foundD. seen解析：考查形容词/动词词义辨析。A. safe安全的；B. missing不见的，丢失的；C. found发现，找到；D. seen看见。由该段开头可知，Tom将钱包带去了警察局，因此该处警察告诉John他的钱包是安全的。A选项正确。答案：A25.A. serviceB. supportC. kindnessD. encouragement解析：考查名词词义辨析。A. service服务；B. support支持；C. kindness善意，善良；D.encouragement鼓励。Tom将钱包交给警察，没

28、有据为己有，这是一种善举。故C选项正确 答案：C26.A. whenB. ifC. where D. because解析：考查状语从句引导词。A. when在情况下，既然； B. if如果；C. where表地点；D. because因为。在Tom本来可以偷了钱去支付一个可以睡觉的地方的情况下，他仍然选择了露宿街头（没有偷钱） 。所以Mr.Anderson对Tom的行为感到很惊讶。A选项正确。答案：A27.A. ratherB. yetC. alreadyD. just 解析：考查副词词义辨析。A. rather相当；B. yet但是； C. already已经；D. just仅仅。Tom什么

29、都没有，但是他没有拿走钱包。前后两句话之间是转折关系，故B选项正确。答案：B28.A. tooB. thoughC. againD. instead解析：考查副词词义辨析。A. too也；B. though但是；C. again再，又；D. instead代替。Tom没有拿走钱包，他考虑的是别人，没有考虑自己。D选项正确。答案：D 29.A. honestB. politeC. richD. generous解析：考查形容词词义辨析。A. honest诚实的；B. polite礼貌的；C. rich富有的；D. generous慷慨的。Tom没有拿走钱包，而是把它交到了警察局，这是一种诚实的行

30、为。A选项正确。答案：A30.A. gaveB. paidC. castD. drew 解析：考查动词词义辨析。A. gave给；B. paid支付；C. cast投掷，投射；D. drew吸引。Tom的行为吸引了公众的关注。D选项正确。答案：D31.A. learnedB. posted C. caredD. heard解析：考查动词词义辨析。A. learned学习，学会；B. posted发布，张贴； C. cared关心，在意；D. heard听到。由后面的Facebook(一个社交网站)可知，在Mr.Anderson将Tom的善举发布到Facebook上之后，Tom赢得了社交媒体使用

31、者的赞扬。B选项正确。答案：B32.A. borrowB. raiseC. saveD. earn 解析：考查动词词义辨析。A. borrow借；B. raise筹集； C. save挽救，节省；D. earn挣（钱）。Mr.Anderson在网上发起一个运动来为Tom和其他无家可归的人筹钱。B选项正确。答案：B33.A. ofB. atC. forD. in解析：考查介词。大家向Tom表示出的信任触动了Tom。faith意为“信任，相信”，常和介词in搭配，意为“对的信任，相信”，故D选项正确。答案：D34. A. detailsB. changesC. offersD. applicati

32、ons解析：考查名词词义辨析。A. details细节；B. changes改变；C. offers提供（物），给予（物），提议；D. applications应用，申请。该句应指Tom得到了人们的帮助，人们为他提供工作和其他的东西。C选项正确。答案：C35.A. lessonB. adventureC. chanceD. challenge 解析：考查名词词义辨析。A. lesson课；B. adventure冒险；C. chance机会；D. challenge挑战。这件事对于流浪汉Tom来说是一个可以改变终生的机会。C选项正确。答案：C第二部分：阅读理解 第一节阅读下列短文，从每题所给的

33、A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AMy First Marathon（马拉松）Amonth before my first marathon, one of my ankles was injured and this meant not runningfor two weeks, leaving me only two weeks to train. Yet, I was determined to go ahead.I remember back to my 7th year in school. In my first P.E. class, the teacher requir

34、ed us torun laps and then hit a softball. I didnt do either well. He later informed me that I wasnotathletic.The idea that I wasnot athleticstuck with me for years. When I started running in my30s, I realized running was a battle against myself, not about competition or whether or not I wasathletic.

35、 It was all about the battle against my own body and mind.Atest of wills!The night before my marathon, I dreamt that I couldnt even find the finish line. I woke up sweating and nervous, but ready to prove something to myself.Shortly after crossing the start line, my shoe laces(鞋带) became untied. So

36、I stopped toreadjust. Not the start I wanted!At mile 3, I passed a sign:GO FOR IT, RUNNERS!By mile 17, I became out of breath and the once injured ankle hurt badly. Despite the pain, Istayed the course walking a bit and then running again.By mile 21, I was starving!As I approached mile 23, I could s

37、ee my wife waving a sign. She is my biggest fan. Shenever minded the alarm clock sounding at 4 a.m. or questioned my expenses on running.I was one of the final runners to finish. But I finished!And I got a medal. In fact, I got thesame medal as the one that the guy who came in first place had.Determ

38、ined to be myself, move forward, free of shame and worldly labels(世俗标签), I cannow call myself amarathon winner. 36.A month before the marathon, the author _.A. was well trainedB. felt scaredC. made up his mind to runD. lost hope解析：细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后一句Yet, I was determined to go ahead.可知，马拉松赛前一个月尽管作者脚踝受

39、伤使得训练时间缩短，但作者仍下定决心参赛。故选C。答案：C37. Why did the author mention the P.E. class in his 7th year?A. To acknowledge the support of his teacher.B. To amuse the readers with a funny story.C. To show he was not talented in sports. D. To share a precious memory.解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段I didnt do either well. He later

40、informed me that I wasnot athletic可知，作者提到7年级的事情是为了证明自己真的没有运动天赋。故选C。答案：C 38. How was the authors first marathon?A. He made it.B. He quit halfway.C. He got the first prize.D. He walked to the end.解析：细节理解题。根据文章第10段I was one of the final runners to finish. But I finished!AndI got a medal. In fact, I got

41、 the same medal as the one that the guy who came in first place had.可知，作者坚持到了最后，而且得到了一块奖牌，虽然不是第一名，由此可见他成功地跑完了马拉松。故选A。答案：A39. What does the story mainly tell us?A.A man owes his success to his family support. B.A winner is one with a great effort of will.C. Failure is the mother of success.D. One is

42、never too old to learn.解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，作者在讲述自己跑马拉松的经历，再根据最后一段Determined to be myself, move forward, free of shame and worldly labels(世俗标签)，I can nowcall myself amarathon winner.可知，作者成功跑完马拉松源于自己的意志。故选B。答案：B BFind YourAdventure at the Space andAviation(航空) CenterIf youre looking for a unique adventure

43、, the Space andAviation Center (SAC) is the place tobe. The Center offers programs designed to challenge and inspire with hands-on tasks and lots offun. More than 750,000 have graduated from SAC, with many seeking employment inengineering, aviation, education, medicine and a wide variety of other pr

44、ofessions. They come tocamp, wanting to know what it is like to be an astronaut or a pilot, and they leave with real-worldapplications for what theyre studying in the classroom.For the trainees, the programs also offer a great way to earn merit badges(荣誉徽章).AtSpace Camp, trainees can earn their Spac

45、e Exploration badge as they build and fire model rockets,learn about space tasks and try simulated(模拟) flying to space with the crew from all over theworld. TheAviation Challenge program gives trainees the chance to earn theirAviation badge.They learn the principles of flight and test their operatin

46、g skills in the cockpit(驾驶舱) of a varietyof flight simulators. Trainees also get a good start on their Wilderness Survival badge as they learnabout water- and land-survival through designed tasks and their search and rescue ofdownedpilot.With all the programs, teamwork is key as trainees learn the i

47、mportance of leadership and being part of a bigger task.All this fun is available for ages 9 to 18. Families can enjoy the experience together, too, withFamily Camp programs for families with children as young as 7.Stay an hour or stay a week there is something here for everyone!For more details, pl

48、ease visit us online at . 40. Why do people come to SAC?A. To experience adventures.B. To look for jobs in aviation.C. To get a degree in engineering.D. To learn more about medicine.解析：细节理解题。根据文章第一段第一句If youre looking for a unique adventure, the SpaceandAviation Center (SAC) is the place to be.可知，人们

49、来SAC是为了寻找与众不同的冒险体验，故选A。答案：A41. To earn a Space Exploration badge, a trainee needs to .A. fly to spaceB. get anAviation badge first C. study the principles of flightD. build and fire model rockets解析：细节理解题。根据文章第三段At Space Camp, trainees can earn their Space Explorationbadge as they build and fire model r