2016年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（新课标卷Ⅰ）英语及答案解析.docx

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1、2016年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（新课标卷）英语第卷第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）略第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题：每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。A You probably know who Marie Curie was,but you may not have heard of Rachel Carson.Of theoutstanding ladies listed below,who do you think was the most important woma

2、n of the past 100years?JaneAddams(1860-1935)Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank.Addans helped thepoor and worked for peace. She encouraged a sense of community(社区)by creating shelters andpromoting education and services for people in need In 1931,Addams became

3、 the first Americanwoman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.Rachel Carson(1907-1964) If it werent for Rachel Carson, the environmental movement might not exist today.Her popular 1962book Silent Spring raised awareness of the dangers of pollution and the harmful effects of chemicalson humans and on the wor

4、lds lakes and oceans.Sandra Day OConnor(1930-present)When Sandra Day OConnor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School, in 1952,she couldnot find work at a law firm because she was a woman. She became an Arizona state senator(参议员)and ,in 1981, the first woman to join the U.S. Supreme Court.

5、 OConnor gave the deciding vote inmany important cases during her 24 years on the top court.Rosa Parks(1913-2005) On December 1,1955,in Montgomery,Alabama,Rasa Parks would not give up her seat on a bus to apassenger. Her simple act landed Parks in prison.But it also set lff the Montgmery bus boycott

6、. Itlasted for more than a year, and kicked off the civil-rights movement. “The only tired I was, was tired lr giving in,”said Parks.21.What is janeAddams noted for in history?A. Her social work.B. Her lack of proper training in law.C. Her efforts to win a prize.D. Her community background.解析：细节理解题。

7、根据第二段首句可知她是一位社会工作者，而且获得诺贝尔和平奖。故选A。答案：A 22. What is the reason for OConnors being rejected by the law firm?A. Her lack of proper training in law.B. Her little work experience in court.C. The discrimination against women.D. The poor financial conditions.解析：细节题。根据第四段中She could not find work at a law fi

8、rm because she was a woman可知，她因为是女性而被法律公司拒绝录用。故选C。答案：C 23. Who made a great contribution to the civil-rights movement in the US?A. JaneAddams.B. Rachel Carson.C. Sandra Day OConnor.D. Ross Parks.解析：细节理解题。根据末段倒数第二句中and kicked off the civil-rights movement可知，RosaParks对民权运动做出了贡献。故选D。答案：D 24. What can w

9、e infer about the women mentioned in the text?A. They are highly educated. B. They are truly creative.C. They are pioneers.D. They are peace-lovers.解析：推理判断题。根据文章对这几个人物的介绍可知，这些女性都是在各自的领域为社会做出贡献的先驱。故选C。答案：C BGrandparentsAnswer a CallAs a third generation native of Brownsville, Texas, Mildred Garza nev

10、er pleased move away,. Even when her daughter and son asked her to move to San Antonio to help their children, shepolitely refused . Only after a year of friendly discussion did Ms Gaf finally say yes. That was fouryears ago. Today all three generations regard the move to a success,giving them a clo

11、ser relationshipthan they would have had in separate cities.No statistics show the number of grandparents like Garza who are moving closer to the childrenand grandchildren. Yet there is evidence suggesting that the trend is growing. Even PresidentObamas mother-in-law, Marian Robinson, has agreed to

12、leave Chicago and into the White House tohelp care for her granddaughters. According to a study grandparents com. 83 percent of the peoplesaid Mrs. Robinson s decision will influence the grandparents in the American family. Two-thirds believe more families will follow the example of Obamas family.“i

13、n the 1960s we were all a little wild and couldnt get away from home far enough fsst enough toprove we could do it on our own,”says Christine Crosby, publisher of grate manazine forgrandparents .We now realize how important family is and how important” to be near them,especially when youre raining c

14、hildren.”Moving is not for everyone.Almost every grandparent wants to be with his or her grandchildrenand is willing to make sacrifices, but sometimes it is wiser to say no and visit frequently instead.Having your grandchildren far away is hard, especially knowing your adult child is struggling, but

15、giving up the life you know may be harder. 25. Why was Garzas move a success?A. It strengthened her family ties.B. It improved her living conditions. C. It enabled her make more friends.D. It helped her know more new places.解析：细节理解题。根据苜段末句可知，Mildred Garza老人搬到离孩子近的地方居住让他们的关系更密切，一家人认为这是一个成功的事情。故选A。答案：

16、A26.What was the reaction of the public to Mrs. Robinsons decision?A. 17% expressed their support for it.B. Few people responded sympathetically. C. 83% believed it had a bad influence.D. The majority thought it was a trend.解析：细节理解题。根据第二段末句Two thirds believe more families will follow the example ofO

17、bamas family可知，很多人会受Marian Robinson的影响，所以这回形成一种潮流。故选D。答案：D27. What did Crosby say about people in the 1960s?A. They were unsure of raise more children.B. They were eager to raise more children. C. They wanted to live away from their parents.D. They bad little respect for their grandparent.解析：细节理解题。根

18、据第三段首句可知，在60年代人们都希望离开家，以此来证明自己的独立。故选C。答案：C28. What does the author suggest the grandparents do in the lasr paragraph?A. Make decisions in the best interests of their ownB.Ask their children to pay more visits to them C. Sacrifice for their struggling childrenD. Get to know themselves better 解析：推理判断题

19、。根据末段推知，作者建议人们要明智不要为了孩子而做出牺牲。故选A。答案：A CI am peter Hodes ,a volunteer stem courier. Since March 2012, Ive done 89 trips of those , 51have been abroad, I have 42 hours to carry stem cells（干细胞）in my little box because Ive got twoice packs and thats how long they last, in all, from the time the stem cel

20、ls are harvested from adonor(捐献者) to the time they can be implanted in the patient, weve got 72 hours at most, So I amalways conscious of time. I had one trip last year where I was caught by a hurricane in America. I picked up the stem cells inProvidence, Rhode Island, and was meant to fly to Washin

21、gton then back to London. But when Iarrived at the check-in desk at Providence, the lady on the desk said:”Well, Im really sorry, Ive gotsome bad news for you-there are no fights from Washington.”So I took my box and put it on thedesk and I said:”In this box are some stem cells that are urgently nee

22、ded for a patient-please, please,youve got to get me back to the United Kingdom.”She just dropped everything. She arranged for aflight on a small plance to be held for me.re-routed(改道)me through Newark and got me back tothe UK even earlier than originally scheduled.For this courier job, youre consci

23、ously aware than that box youre got something that is potentially going to save somebodys life.29.Which of the following can replace the underlined word “courier” in Paragraph17A.providerB. delivery manC. collectorD. medical doctor解析：词义猜测题。根据本段内容Ive done 89 trips和I have 42 hours to carry stem cells

24、in mylittle box以及第二段内容可知作者是运送干细胞的人，也就是delivery man。故选B。答案：B 30.Why does Peter have to complete his trip within 42hours?A. He cannot stay away from his job too long. B. The donor can only wait for that long.C. The operation needs that very much.D. The ice wont last any longer.解析：细节理解題。根据第一段第二句I have

25、42 hours to carry stem cells in my link box becauseIve got two ice packs and thats how long they last.可知冰盒只能保持42小时适宜的温度。故选D。答案：D31.Which flight did the woman put Peter on first? A. To LondonB. To NewarkC. To ProvidenceD. To Washington解析：细节理解题。根据第二段末句She arranged for a flight on a small plane to be h

26、eld for me,re-routed me through Newark可知，这位好心的女士首先安排作者去Newark的航班。故选B。答案：B D The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups. Silences may be thoughtful, or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say. A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness, orworry. Silence may be viewed b

27、y some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap(间隙)with conversation. Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a persons needs.Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of commu

28、nicating among people, just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore, when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops, what maybe implied(暗示) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing. In these cultures, silence i

29、s a call for reflection.Other cultures may use silence in other ways, particularly when dealing with conflicts amongpeople or in relationships of people with different amounts of power. For example, Russian, French, and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topi

30、c udnerdiscussion. However, Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authorityrather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her. In still another use, persons in Asiancultures may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly to an elder or a person in author

31、ity.Nurses and other care-geivers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when theycome across the personal anxiety their patients may be expericencing. Nurses should recognize theirown personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patients silence is not interrupted tooearly

32、or allowed to go on unnecessarily.A nurse who understands the healing(治愈) value of silencecan use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures. 32. What does the author say about silence in conversations?A.It implies anger.B.It promotes friendship.C.It

33、is culture-specific.D.It is content-based.解析：细节理解题。根据文意首段首句The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups可知，作者认为沉默是有文化特性的。答案：C 33. Which of the following people might regard silence as a call for careful thought?A.The Chinese.B.The French.C.The Mexicans.D.The Russians.解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中what may be

34、 implied is that the person wants the listener toconsider what has been said before continuing可知中国人认为谈话时人们沉默是在思考。答案：A 34. What does the author advise nurses to do about silence?A.Let it continue as the patient pleases.B.Break it while treating patients. C.Evaluate its harm to patients.D.Make use of

35、its healing effects.解析：细节理解题。根据末段末句Anurse who understands the healing value of silence can use thisunderstanding to assist in the care of patients可知，作者建议护士要用沉默来冶疗病人。故选D。答案：D35. What may be the best title for the text?A.Sound and SilenceB.What It Means to Be Silent C.Silence to NativeAmericansD.Speec

36、h Is Silver; Silence Is Gold解析：主旨要义题。文章主要介绍了在不同文化背景下谈话朗间的沉默的不同含义，由此判断B选项可以概括文章内容。故选B。答案：B第二节（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。Secret codes (密码)keep messages private。Banks, companies, and government agencies use secret codes in doing business, especially when information is s

37、ent by computer.People have used secret codes for thousands of years. 36 Code breaking never lags(落后) farbehind code making. The science of creating and reading coded messages is called cryptography.There are three main types of cryptography. 37 For example, the first letters of “My elephant eatstoo

38、 many eels” Spell out the hidden message “Meet me.”38 You might represent each letter with a number, For example, Lets number the letters of thealphabet, in order, from 1 to 26. If we substitute a number for each letter, the message “Meet me”would read “13 5 20 13 5.”A code uses symbols to replace w

39、ords, phrases, or sentences. To read the message of a real code, you must have a code book. 39 For example, ”bridge“ might stand for “meet” and “out” might standfor “me.” The message “bridge out” would actually mean “Meet me.” 40 However, it is also hard tokeep a code book secret for long. So codes

40、must be changed frequently. A. It is very hard to break a code without the code book.B. In any language, some letters are used more than others.C. Only people who know the keyword can read the message.D.As long as there have been codes, people have tried to break them.E.You can hide a message by hav

41、ing the first letters of each word spell it out.F.With a code book, you might write down words that would stand for other words.G.Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet.【答案】36. 解析：后句内容可以判断该空应该和密码的破译有关，故判断D项内容符合语境逻辑，可以承接上下文。答案：D37.解析：后面举的例子是来证明人们

42、设置密码时往往会利用一些单词的笫一个字母来作为密码，由此判断故E选项内容符含语境逻辑。答案：E38. 解析：根据后面的解释内容可以判断这是介绍密码设置的又一种方法，故判断G选项符合语境。答案：G39.解析：根据后面的举例以及前句中的a code book可以判断该句是介绍密码书的使用，故判断F选项可以起到承上启下的作用。答案：F 40.解析：根据空后内容的转折可知尽管利用密码书可以破译密码，但是一本密码书也不会使用 很久的时间，故判断A选项符合语境。答案：A第三部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分45）第一节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（

43、A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AHeroic DriverLarry works with Transport Drivers. Inc. One morning in 2009. Larry was 41along 165 north after delivering to one of his 42 . suddenly, he saw a car with its bright lights on. 43 he got closer, he found 44 vehicle upside down on the road. One more l

44、ook andhe noticed 45 shooting out from under the 46 vehicle. Larry pulled over, set thebrake and 47 the fire extinguisher (灭火器). Two good bursts from the extinguisher and thefire was put out.The man who had his bright lights on 48 and told Larry he had 49 anemergency call. They 50 heard a womans voi

45、ce coming from the wrecked (毁坏的) vehicle.51 the vehicle, they saw that a woman was trying to get out of the broken window. They told herto stay 52 until the emergency personnel arrived, 53 she thought the car was goingto 54 . Larry told her that he had already put out the fire and she should not mov

46、e 55 she injured her neck.Once fire and emergency people arrive, Larry and the other man 56 and let them go towork. Then, Larry asked the 57 if he was needed or 58 to go. They let him and theother man go.One thing is 59 Larry went above and beyond the call of duty by getting so close tothe burning v

47、ehicle! His 60 most likely saved the womans life.41.A. walkingB. touring C. travelingD. rushing解析：考査动词辨析及语境理解。Walk走路；tour旅行；travel旅澥，行进；rush冲。根据下 文中Larry pulled over可知他沿看公路行驶。故选C。答案：C42.A. passengersB. colleaguesC. employersD. customers解析：考査动词辨祈及语境理解。根据苜句Larry works with Transport Drivers, Inc可知他是送

48、货司机，由此推段他应该是在给客户送完货后回去的路上。答案：D43.A. SinceB.AlthoughC.AsD. If解析：考查连词辨析及语境理解。根据语境判断当他走近的时候，他又发现了另一辆汽车。 as“当时候”。答案：C44.A. eachB. anotherC. thatD. his解析：考查代词辨析及语境理解。根据前句Suddenly, he saw a car with its bright lights on,可知 当时有一辆开着亮灯的车，由此判断他又发现一辆损毁的汽车。答案：B 45.A. flamesB. smokeC. waterD. steam解析：考查名词辨析及语境理解

49、。根据第一段末句the fire was put out可知当时汽车是着火了。Flame火苗；smoke烟；water水；steam蒸汽。故选A。答案：A 46.A. usedB. disabledC. removedD. abandoned解析：考查形容词词辨析及语境理解。根据第二段中a womens voice coming from the wreckedvehicle，可知汽车是毁坏了的，used使用；disabled残废的；removed被移除了的；abandoned被遗弃的。故选B。答案：B 47.A. got hold ofB. preparedC. took charge ofD. controlled解析：考查动词辨析及语境理解。根据后句可知他下车灭火。Get hold of拿起；prepare准备；take charge of负责；control控制。故选A。答案：A 48.A. came down B. came throughC. came inD. came over解析：考査动词辨析及语境理解。根据and told Larry he had 48 an emergency call可知，那个司机走了过来和Larry说话。Come down下来，；come through经历，；come in进来；come over走过来。故选D。答案：D49. A.