2016年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（北京卷）英语及答案解析.docx

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1、2016年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（北京卷）英语第二部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）第一节单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，共15分）从每题所给的ABCD四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。21.Jack _in the lab when the power cut occurred.A.worksB.has workedC.was working D.would work解析：题目考查时态。句意：突然断电时，杰克正在实验室里工作。根据occurred可知，这里指过去发生的事情，断电时，杰克正在工作，综合用过去进行时，故选C。答案：C22.I live next door to a

2、couple _children often make a lot of noise.A.whoseB.whyC.where D.which解析：题目考查定语从句的关系词。a couple是先行词，这对夫妻的孩子很吵，children和couple是所属关系，故用whose作定语，相当于the children of whom，故选A。答案：A23.Excuse me, which movie are you waiting for?The new Star Wars. We _here for more than two hours.A.waitedB.wait C.would be wai

3、tingD.have been waiting解析：题目考查时态。句意：-打扰了，你在等哪一部电影？-在等着看星球大战，我们 已经等了两个多小时了。for+时间段，与完成时连用，根据语境可知，说话的时候仍然在等，因此用现在完成进行时，故选D。答案：D24.Your support is important to our work. _you can do helps.A.HoweverB.WhoeverC.WhateverD.Wherever 解析：题目考查主语从句。Helps是谓语，“you can do”是主语部分，即主语从句，在主语从句中，do后缺少宾语，因此用whatever引导，故选

4、C。答案：C25.I _half of the English novel, and Ill try to finish it at the weekend.A.readB.have readC.am readingD.will read 解析：题目考查时态。句意：我已经看完了这本英文小说的一半，周末把另一半看完。发生在过去的动作，对现在产生影响，用现在完成时。“看小说”这一动作发生在过去，到目前为止看了一半，故用完成时，故选B。答案：B26. _it easier to get in touch with us, youd better keep this card at hand.A. M

5、adeB. MakeC. Making D. To make解析：题目考查不定式作目的状语。句意：为了更方便地联系到我们，你最好随身带着这张卡片。根据句意可知，这里是目的状语，表目的用动词不定式，故选D。 答案：D27.My grandfather still plays tennis now and then, _hes in his nineties.A.as long asB.as ifC. even thoughD.in case解析：题目考查状语从句。句意：即使是九十多岁了，我的爷爷仍然可以时不时地打打网球。A. as long as只要，引导条件句；B. as if似乎，引导方式状

6、语从句；C. even though即使，引 导让步状语从句；D. in case以防，引导目的状语从句。这里是转折关系，故选C。答案：C28._ over a week ago, the books are expected to arrive any time now.A. OrderingB. To orderC. Having orderedD. Ordered解析：题目考查过去分词作状语。句意：(因为)那些书是一周多之前订的，现在随时有可能 送到。Books和order是动宾关系，即order books/books are ordered，故用过去分词表示被动和完成，在此相当于原因

7、状语从句because they were ordered.，故选D。答案：D29.The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is _ one can be entirely free from dust.A. whatB. thatC. whetherD. why 解析：题目考查表语从句。句意：雨季最令人愉悦的就是人们可以完全不再受到沙尘的困扰。Is后跟从句作表语，即表语从句，表语从句不缺少主语、谓语和宾语，因此用that，只起引导作用，故选B。 答案：B30.The students have been working hard on thei

8、r lessons and their efforts_ success in theend.A. rewardedB. were rewardedC. will rewardD. will be rewarded解析：题目考查时态和语态。句意：学生们一直在刻苦学习功课，他们的努力(将来)一定会得到回报。句意可知，回报是将来要发生的事情，应该用将来时；efforts和reward是被动 关系，应该使用被动语态，故选D。答案：D31.I love the weekend,because I_ get up early on Saturdays and Sundays.A. needntB. mu

9、stntC. wouldntD. shouldnt解析：题目考查情态动词。句意：我喜欢周末，因为周六和周日我不需要早起。A. neednt 不需要；B. mustnt禁止；C. wouldnt不愿；D. shouldnt不应该。根据句意可知，周六、周日不用早起，故选A。答案：A32.Newly-built wooden cottages line the street, _ the old town into a dreamland.A. turnB. turningC. to turnD. turned 解析：题目考查现在分词表伴随状况。句意：新建的木屋林立在街道的两旁，使古镇变成了一个梦幻

10、之地。turn的逻辑主语是cottages，两者是主动关系，故用现在分词，表示主动和伴随，故选B。 答案：B33.I really enjoy listening to music _ it helps me relax and takes my mind away from othercares of the day.A. becauseB.beforeC. unlessD. until解析：题目考查原因状语从句。句意：我非常喜欢听音乐，因为它能让我放松，使我不去想 其它的事情。前后是因果关系，故选A。答案：A34.Why didnt you tell me about your troub

11、le last week? If you _ me, I could have helped.A. toldB. had toldC. were to tellD. would tell解析：题目考查虚拟语气。句意：你上周为什么没有吿诉我你遇到的麻烦？如果你吉诉我的 话，我就可以帮你了。根据第一句可知，这里是对过去发生的事情进行虚拟，if条件句的时态应该用过去完成时，故选B。答案：B35.I am not afraid of tomorrow, _ I have seen yesterday and I love today.A. soB. andC. forD. but 解析：题目考查并列连

12、词。句意：我不害怕未知的明天，因为我已经经历了昨天并且深爱看今天。So后跟结果；and表并列关系；but表转折；for补充说明原因，故选C。答案：C 第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。ARaceAgainst DeathIt was a cold January in 1925 in NorthAlaska. The town was cut off from the rest of theworld due to heavy snow.On the 20th of that month, Dr.

13、 Welch 36 a Sick boy, Billy, and knew he had diphtheria,a deadly infectious(传染的)disease mainly affecting children. The children of Nome would be37 if it struck the town. Dr.Welch needed medicine as soon as possible to stop other kids fromgetting sick. 38 , the closest supply was over 1,000 miles awa

14、y, inAnchorage. How could the medicine get to Nome? The towns 39 was already full of ice, so itcouldnt come by ship. Cars and horses couldnt travel on the 40 roads. Jet airplanes and bigtrucks didnt exist yet.41 January 26, Billy and three other children had died. Twenty more were 42 . Nomestown off

15、icials came up with a(n) 43 . They would have the medicine sent by 44 fromAnchorage to Nenana. From there, dogeled(狗拉雪橇)driversknown as “mushers”would45 it to Nome in a relay(接力).The race began on January 27. The first musher, Shannon, picked up the medicine from thetrain at Nenana and rode all nigh

16、t. 46 he handed the medicine to the next musher, Shannons face was black from the extreme cold.On January 31,a musher named Seppala had to 47 a frozen body of water called NortonSound .It was the most 48 part of the journey. Norton Sound was covered with ice, whichcould sometimes break up without wa

17、rning. If that happened, Seppala might fall into the icy waterbelow.He would 49 ,and so would the sick children of Nome. But Seppala made it across.Ahuge snowstorm hit on February 1.Amusher named Kaasen had to brave this storm.At onepoint, huge piles of snow blocked his 50 .He had to leave the trail

18、 (雪橇痕迹)to get around them.Conditions were so bad that it was impossible for him to 51 the trail again. The only hope wasBalto, Kaasens lead dog, Balto put his nose to the ground, 52 to find the smell of other dogs that had traveled on the trail. If Balto failed, it would mean disaster for Nome. The

19、minutes passed by. Suddenly, Balto began to 53 .He had found the trail.At 5:30 am on February 2, Kaasen and his dog 54 in Nome. Within minutes, Dr. Welchhad the medicine. He quickly gave it to the sick children.All of them recovered.Nome had been 55 .36.A.examinedB.warnedC.interviewedD.cured 解析：考查动词

20、辨析。A. examined检査；B. warned警告；C. interviewed采访，面试；D. cured治愈。医生检查了一个生病的孩子，知道他患上了白喉，故选A。答案：A37.A.harmlessB.helplessC. fearlessD.careless解析：考查形容词辨析。A. harmless无害的；B. helpless无望的；C. fearless不怕的；D.careless粗心的。如果白喉肆虐诺姆，那里的孩子们都将面临死亡，故选B。 答案：B38.A.MoreoverB.ThereforeC.OtherwiseD.However解析：考查副词辨祈。A. Moreover

21、而且；B. Therefore因此；C. Otherwise否则；D. However然而。然而，最近的药品供应站距离诺姆一千多里，前后是转折关系，故选D。答案：D 39.A.airportB.stationC. harbor D.border解析：考查名词辨析。A.airport机场；B.station车站；C. harbor港口；D.border边境。根据“so it couldnt come by ship”可知，这里指港口结冰，故选C。答案：C40.A.narrowB. snowyC.busyD.dirty 解析：考查形容词辨析。A.narrow狭窄的；B. snowy被雪覆盖的；C.

22、busy繁忙的；D.dirty脏的。根据第一段可知，大雪覆盖了道路，汽车和马都不能通行，故选B。答案：B41.A.FromB.OnC.ByD.After解析：考查介词辨析。A.From从，自；B.On在.上面；C.By通过，在.之前；D.After 在.之后。By+时间，与完成时连用，后跟过去的时间，用过去完成时；跟将来的时间，用将来完成时，故选C。答案：C42.A.tiredB.upsetC. paleD.sick解析：考查形容词辨析。A.tired劳累的；B.upset难过的；C. pale苍白的；D.sick生病的。 四个孩子相继去世，还有20几个患病，故选D。答案：D43. A.pla

23、nB.excuseC.messageD.topic解析：考查名词辨析。A.plan计划；B.excuse借口；C.message信息；D.topic话题。当地的官员想到了一个计划，故选A。答案：A44.A.air B.railC. seaD.road解析：考查名词辨析。A.air空气；B.rail栏杆，铁轨；C. sea海洋；D.road道路。根据下一段“from the train at Nenana”可知，药物被用火车运到Nenana，故选B。答案：B45.A.carryB.return C. mailD.give解析：考查动词辨析。A.carry运送，携带；B.return返回，归还；C

24、. mail邮寄；D.give给。然后再由乘坐狗拉的雪橇的人把药物接力送到诺姆，故选A。答案：A46.A.ThoughB.SinceC. When D.If解析：考查时间状语从句。A.Though虽然；B.Since因为，自从；C. When当；D.If如果。当他把药物交给下一个人时，他的脸已经被冻得乌青，故选C。 答案：C47.A.enterB.moveC. visitD.cross解析：考查动词辨析。A.enter进入；B.move移动；C. visit拜访；D.cross穿过。根据“NortonSound was covered with ice”可知，Norton Sound是一片冰冻

25、的水域，Seppala必须穿过这片水域，故选D。 答案：D48.A.shamefulB.boringC.dangerousD.foolish解析：考查形容词辨析。A.shameful惭愧的；B.boring令人厌烦的；C.dangerous危险的；D.foolish愚蠢的。根据“which could sometimes break up without warning”可知，这是旅途最难的一部分，故选C。 答案：C49.A.escapeB.bleedC. swimD.die解析：考查动词辨析。A. escape逃跑；B. bleed流血；C. swim游泳；D.die死亡。如果掉进寒冷的水中

26、，Seppala会被冻死，诺姆的病童们也会去世，故选D。答案：D 50.A.memoryB.exit C.wayD.destination解析：考查名词辨析。A. memory记忆；B. exit出口；C. way道路；D. destination目的地。根据下一句可知，有的地方被大雪挡住了去路，Seppala不得不绕道行驶，故选C。答案：C51.A.findB.fixC. pass D.change解析：考查动词辨析。A. find找到；B.fix固定，安装；C. pass通过；D. change改变。当时的天气状况极差，Seppala找到雪橇轨道是不可能的，只能靠他的狗，故选A。答案：A5

27、2.A.pretendingB.tryingC. askingD.learning 解析：考查动词辨析。A.pretending假装；B.trying努力；C. asking问，要求；D.learning学会。Seppala的雪橇狗努力嗅着其它狗的味道，故选B。答案：B53.A.runB.leaveC. biteD.play解析：考查动词辨析。A.run跑；B.leave离开；C. bite咬；D.play玩耍。Seppala的雪橇狗 找到了轨道，开始奔跑起来，故选A。答案：A54.A.gathered B.stayedC. campedD.arrived解析：考查动词辨析。A.gathere

28、d聚集；B.stayed保持；C. camped露营，借住；D.arrived到达。arrive in sp到达某地，这里指终于到达诺姆，故选D。答案：D55.A.controlledB.saved C.foundedD.developed解析：考查动词辨析。A.controlled控制；B.saved拯救；C.founded建立；D.developed发展。所有的孩子得到了救治，诺姆活了下来，故选B。答案：B第三部分：阅读理解（共两节，20分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）阅读下列短文：从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 ADearAlfred,I want t

29、o tell you how important your help is to my life.Growing up, I had people telling me I was too slow, though, with an IQ of 150 at 17, Imanything but stupid. The fact was that I was found to haveADIID(注意力缺陷多动障碍).Anxious all the time, I was unable to keep focused for more than an hour at a time.Howeve

30、r, when something did interest me, I could become absorbed. In high school, Ibecame curious about the computer, and built my first website. Moreover, I completed the seniorcourse of Computer Basics, plus five relevant pre-college courses. While I was exploring my curiosity, my disease got worse. I w

31、anted to go to college afterhigh school, but couldnt . So, I was killing my time at home until June 2012 when I discoveredthe online computer courses of your training center. Since then, I have taken courses like Data Science andAdvanced Mathematics. Currently,Im learning your Probability course. I

32、have hundreds of printer paper, covered in self-writtennotes from your video. This has given me a purpose.Last year, I spent all my time looking for a job where, without dealing with the public , Icould work alone, but still have a team to talk to. Luckily, I discovered the jobDataAnalystthis month

33、and have been going full steam ahead. I want to prove that I can teach myselfa respectful profession, without going to college, and be just as good as, if not better than, mycompetitors.Thank you. Youve given me hope that I can follow my heart. For the first time, I feel good about myself because Im

34、 doing something, not because someone told me I was doing good. I feelwhole.This is why youre saving my life. Yours,Tanis56. Why didnt Tanis go to college after high school?A. She had learned enough about computer scienceB. She had more difficulty keeping focusedC. She preferred taking online course

35、s D. She was too slow to learn解析：细节理解题。根据第四段“my disease got worse. I wanted to go to college after highschool, but couldnt”可知，“我”的多动症加重了，无法上大学，故选B。答案：B57.AS for the working environment, Tains prefers_.A.working by herselfB. dealing with the publicC. competing against othersD. staying withADHD studen

36、ts 解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“without dealing with the public”排除B;根据“I couldwork alone, but still have a team to talk to. ”可知，“我”不想处理复杂的人际关系，想单独工作，故选A。 答案：A58. Tanis wrote this letter in order to_.A. explain why she was interested in the computerB. share the ideas she had for her professionC .show how gratefu

37、l she was to the centerD. describe the courses she had taken so far解析：写作意图题。根据倒数第二段“Thank you. Youve given me hope that I can follow myheart. For the first time, I feel good about myself”可知，作者写信的目的是表达感谢，故选C。答案：C BSurviving Hurricane Sandy(飓风桑迪)Natalie Doan,14, has always felt lucky to live in Rockaw

38、ay, New York. Living just a fewblocks from the beach, Natalie can see the ocean and hear the wave from her house. “Its the oceanthat makes Rockaway so special,” she says.On October 29, 2012, that ocean turned fierce. That night, Hurricane Sandy attacked the EastCoast, and Rockaway was hit especially

39、 hard. Fortunately, Natalies family escaped to Brooklynshortly before the citys bridge closed.When they returned to Rockaway the next day, they found their neighborhood in ruins. Many of Natalies friends had lost their homes and were living far away.All around her, people weresuffering, especially t

40、he elderly. Natalies school was so damaged that she had to temporarilyattend a school in Brooklyn.In the following few days, the men and women helping Rockaway recover inspired Natalie.Volunteers came with carloads of donated clothing and toys. Neighbors devoted their spare time tohelping others reb

41、uild. Teenagers climbed dozens of flights of stairs to deliver water and food toelderly people trapped in powerless high-rise buildings.“My mom tells me that I cant control what happens to me,” Natalie says. “but I can alwayschoose how I deal with it.” Natalies choice was to help.She created a websi

42、te page matching survivors in need with donors who wanted to help. Natalie posted introduction about a boy named Patrick, who lost his baseball card collecting whenhis house burned down. Within days, Patricks collection was replaced.In the coming months, her website page helped lots of kids: Christo

43、pher, who received a newbasketball; Charlie, who got a new keyboard. Natalie also worked with other organizations tobring much-need supplies to Rockaway. Her efforts made her a famous person. LastApril, she wasinvited to the White House and honored as a Hurricane Sandy Champion of Change.Today, the

44、scars(创痕)of destruction are still seen in Rockaway, but hope is in the air.Thestreets are clear, and many homes have been rebuilt. “I cant imagine living anywhere butRockaway,” Natalie declares. “My neighborhood will be back, even stronger than before.” 59.When Natalie returned to Rockaway after the

45、 hurricane ,she found_.A.some friends had lost their livesB.her neighborhood was destroyedC.her school had moved to BrooklynD.the elderly were free from suffering解析：段落大意题。A项未提及；根据第三段“Natalies school was so damaged that she had totemporarily attend a school in Brooklyn”可知，学校没有搬走，而是暂时去Brooklyn上学，排除C；根

46、据“people were suffering, especially the elderly”排除D；根据“When they returnedto Rockaway the next day, they found their neighborhood in ruins.”可知，他们的街区被飓风毁 了，故选B。答案：B60.According to paragraph4,who inspired Natalie most?A.The people helping Rockaway rebuildB.The people trapped in high_rise buildingC.The

47、volunteers donating money to survivorsD.Local teenagers bringing clothing to elderly people解析：细节理解題。根据第四段“In the following few days, the men and women helpingRockaway recover inspired Natalie.”可知，那些结助Rockaway恢复重建的人给了Natalie鼓舞， 故选A。答案：A61.How did Natalie help the survivors?A.She gave her toys to the

48、kids B.She took care of younger childrenC.She called on the White House to helpD.She built an information sharing platform解析：细节理解題。根据倒数第三段“She created a website page matching survivors in needwith donors who wanted to help.”可知，Natalie创建了一个网站来分享和匹配求助信息和捐赠信息，故选D。答案：D62.What does the story intend to te

49、ll us?A.Little people can make a big differenceB.Afriend in need is a friend indeed C.East or West,home is bestD.Technology is power解析：写作意图题。根据倒数第二段“Her efforts made her a famous person. LastApril, she wasinvited to the White House and honored as a Hurricane Sandy Champion of Change.”可知，Natalie的助人行为得到了社会的认可和赞扬，说明小人物也可以有大作为，故选A。答案：A CCalifornia Condors Shocking Recovery California condors are NorthAmericas largest birds,with wing-length of up to 3 meters. In the 1980s,electrical lines and lead poi