2013年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（江苏卷）英语及答案解析.docx

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1、2013年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（江苏卷）英语第一部分：听力（略）第二部分：英语知识运用(共两节，满分35分)第一节：单项填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)请认真阅读下面各题，从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。例：It is generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants.A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever答案是B。21.Generally, studentsinner motivation with high expectat

2、ions from others_ essential to their development.A. isB. are C. wasD. were解析：句意：一般认为，其他人对学生高的期望是他们发展的必要的内部动机对。本句主语是“motivation”，所以谓语动词用单数，而且是一般情况所以用一般现在时。答案：A22. The T-shirt I received is not the same as is shown online._? But I promise you well look into it right away.A. Who saysB. How comeC. What

3、forD. Why worry解析：Who says？谁说的？；“How come”怎么会呢？；“What for”为了什么？；“Why worry”为何忧伤；因 何烦恼，例：Why WorryAbout This为什么担心这些？答案：B23. The town is so beautiful! I just love it.Me too. The character of the town is well _.A. qualifiedB. preservedC. decoratedD. simplified解析：句意：这个城镇的特征保存很好。“qualified”有资格的；“preserve

4、d”受保护的；“decorated”装饰的；“simplified”简化的。答案：B24. Lionel Messi, _ the record for the most goals in a calendar year, is considered the most talented football player in Europe.A. setB. settingC. to setD. having set解析：句意：Lionel Messi在一年里创了几个记录，被认为是欧洲最具潜力的足球运动员。创纪录已经是过去，现在被认为是欧洲最具潜力的足球运动员，所以分词动作发生在谓语动词之前，所以

5、用完成时。 答案：D25. Could I use your car tomorrow morning?Sure. I _ a report at home.A. will be writingB. will have writtenC. have writtenD. have been writing解析：句意：（明天早上）我将在家写报告。答案：A26. I am always delighted when I receive an e-mail from you. _ the party on July 1st, I shall be pleased toattend.A. On acco

6、unt of B. In response toC. In view ofD. With regard to解析：句意：收到你的邮件我总是很高兴。至于七月一日的晚会我会很高兴参加。“on account of”因为；“inresponse to”对-的回应；“in view of”鉴于，考虑到；“with regard to”关于，至于。答案：D27. “Never for a second,” the boy says, “_ that my father would come to my rescue.”A. I doubtedB. do I doubtC. I have doubtedD

7、. did I doubt解析：句意：男孩说他一刻也没怀疑过他父亲会来救他。本句是否定词提前倒装，从“would”可判断是用过 去时。答案：D28. In the global economy, a new drug for cancer, _ it is discovered, will create many economic possibilitiesaround the world.A. whateverB. whoeverC. whereverD. whichever解析：句意：在全球经济中，一种新的治癌药物，无论在哪儿发明，都将在全球产生巨大的经济利益。答案：C 29. Team

8、leaders must ensure that all members _ their natural desire to avoid the embarrassment associatedwith making mistakes.A. get overB. look overC. take overD. come over解析：句意：团队领导必须保证所有的成员都能克服天生的欲望去避免因错误而产生尴尬。“get over”克 服；恢复；熬过；原谅；“look over”忽略，俯视；“take over”接管；“come over”过来；顺便来访；抓住。答案：A30. I should no

9、t have laughed if I _ you were serious.A. thoughtB. would thinkC. had thoughtD. have thought解析：句意：如果我知道你是严肃的话我就不笑了。本句意思是当时不知道所以笑了，表示与过去事实相反，用“had thought”表示对过去情况的虚拟。答案：C31. Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and _ to ruins, the city took on a new look.A. reducing B. reducedC. being re

10、ducedD. having reduced解析：句意：就在遭遇一场大地震被夷为平地之后不久，这个城市又呈现了新的面貌。此句中的“after”是介词，后面需要动名词，而且城市是被夷为平地，所以用被动语态。答案：C32. The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China, _ he remembers starting as early as hischildhood.A. whereB. whichC. whatD. when 解析：句意：世界银行行长说他对中国有一种热情，他记得从他童年时代就开始有了这种热情。“wh

11、ich”在这儿用作“starting”的宾语。答案：B33. With inspiration from other food cultures,American food culture can take a _ for the better.A. shareB. chanceC. turnD. lead解析：句意：受到其它饮食文化的鼓舞，美国的饮食文化正在向更好的方向转变。“take a share”分担；参加；(为)出力；“take a chance”冒险；“take a turn”轮流；绕住转一圈变动；变动；“take a lead”带头。答案：C34. What about your

12、 self-drive trip yesterday? Tiring! The road is being widened, and we _ a rough ride.A. hadB. haveC. would haveD. have had解析：句意：道路正在被加宽，所以我们走的很艰难。第二分句是对开车旅游的情况描写，所以用一般过 去时。答案：A35. Thank you for the flowers._. I thought they might cheer you up.A. Thats rightB.All rightC. Im all rightD. Its all right解

13、析：句意：不用谢，可以用“Thats all right.”或“Its all right”；“Thats right”那是对的；“All right”好吧；“Imall right”我很好。答案：D第二节：完形填空(共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分) 请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。I used to believe in the American Dream, which meant a job, a mortgage (按揭), credit cards, success. Iwanted it and worked toward it l

14、ike everyone else, all of us 36 chasing the same thing.One year, through a series of unhappy events, it all fell 37 . I found myself homeless and alone. I hadmy truck and $ 56. I 38 the countryside for some place I could rent for the 39 possible amount. I cameupon a shabby house four miles up a wind

15、ing mountain road 40 the Potomac River in West Virginia. It was41 , full of broken glass and rubbish. I found the owner, rented it, and 42 a corner to camp in.The locals knew nothing about me, 43 slowly, they started teaching me the 44 of being aneighbor. They dropped off blankets, candles, and tool

16、s, and began 45 around to chat. They started to teachme a belief in a 46 American Dreamnot the one of individual achievement but of 47 .What I had believed in, all those things I thought were 48 for a civilized life, were nonexistent in thisplace. 49 on the mountain, my most valuable possessions wer

17、e my 50 with my neighbors.Four years later, I moved back into 51 . I saw many people were having a really hard time, 52their jobs and homes. I managed to rent a big enough house to 53 a handful of people. There are four of usnow in the house, but over time Ive had nine people come in and move on to

18、other places. Wed all be in 54if we hadnt banded together. The American Dream I believe in now is a shared one. Its not so much about what I can get for myself; itsabout 55 we can all get by together.36.A. separatelyB. equallyC. violentlyD. naturally37.A. offB. apartC. overD. out38.A. crossedB. left

19、C. toured D. searched39.A. fullestB. largestC. fairestD. cheapest40.A. atB. through C. overD. round41.A. occupiedB. abandonedC. emptiedD. robbed42.A. turnedB. approachedC. clearedD. cut43.A. butB. althoughC. otherwise D. for44.A. benefitB. lessonC. natureD. art45.A. stickingB. lookingC. swingingD. t

20、urning46.A. wildB. realC. differentD. remote 47.A. neighborlinessB. happinessC. friendlinessD. kindness48.A. uniqueB. expensiveC. rareD. necessary49.A. UpB. DownC. DeepD.Along50. A. cooperationB. relationshipsC. satisfactionD. appointments51.A. realityB. societyC. townD. life 52.A. creatingB. losing

21、C. quittingD. offering53.A. put inB. turn inC. take inD. get in54.A. yardsB. sheltersC. campsD. cottages55. A. whenB. whatC. whetherD. how36.解析：本句意思是我们所有人都各自追求相同的东西。“separately”分别地；分离地；个别地；“equally”平等地；“violently”猛烈地，激烈地，极端地；“naturally”自然地。答案：A37.解析：本句意思是经过了一系列的不幸事件，一切（梦想和追求）都破灭了。“fall off”减少；跌落；下降；

22、离开；衰退；“fall apart”崩溃；土崩瓦解；破碎；“fall over”跌倒，摔倒；绊了一跤；“fall out”发生；脱落；争吵；离队；结果是。答案：B 38.解析：本句意思是我在农村寻找最便宜的出租地方。“search some place for something”为寻找-而搜-的地方。答案：D39.解析：从上一句作者提到自己无家可归和独自一人可知是在寻找最便宜的房子。答案：40.解析：此处是指在河的上方，所以用“over”。答案：41.解析：从描述的房子现状到处都是碎玻璃和垃圾和作者找到房主可知这房子是废弃不用的。“occupy”占据，占领；居住；使忙碌；“abandon”遗

23、弃；放弃；“empty”使失去；使成为空的；“rob”抢劫；使 丧失；非法剥夺。答案：42.解析：本句意思是打扫了屋子的一角住了下来。“approach”接近；着手处理;“clear”通过；清除；使干净；跳过。答案：43. 解析：开始的时候当地人并不认识他，后来慢慢的变成了朋友，所以上下文是转折关系。答案：44.解析：此处指当地人教给我与做邻居的方法艺术。“benefit”利益，好处；救济金;“lesson”教训；课;“nature”自然；性质；本性；种类;“art”艺术；美术；艺术品。答案：45.解析：本句意思是他们聚在一起聊天。“stick”坚持；伸出；粘住;“swing”摇摆；转向；悬挂

24、；大摇大摆地行走。答案：46.解析：本句意思是当地人教会作者相信一个与以前自己所追求的不同的“美国梦”，即：美国梦不是指个人所取得的成就，而是邻居们一起取得的成就。“remote”遥远的；偏僻的；疏远的。 答案：47.解析：本句意思是“美国梦”不是指个人所取得的成就，而是与邻居们友好和睦。“neighborliness”睦邻友好；和睦；“friendliness”友谊；亲切；亲密；“kindness”仁慈；好意；友好的行为。答案：48.解析：本句意思是我曾经所相信的对文明是必要的那些东西（第一段中提到的工作、按揭、信用卡和成功等东西）在这里是不存在的。“unique”独特的，稀罕的；唯一的，独

25、一无二的；“expensive”昂贵的；花钱的；“rare”稀有的；半熟的；稀薄的；“necessary”必要的；必需的；必然的。答案：49.解析：从第二段中“I came upon a shabby house four miles up a winding mountain road”一句可知是在山上。答案： 50.解析：本句意思是我最宝贵的财产是邻里之间的关系。“cooperation”合作，协作；协力；“relationship”关系；关联；“satisfaction”满意，满足；赔偿；乐事；“appointment”任命；约定；任命的职位。答案：B51.解析：本句意思是四年以后作者回

26、到了城市。答案：C52.解析：从后面一句作者租了个大房子来帮助人可知这儿是指失去工作和家的人。答案：B53.解析：此处指收容一些无家可归的人。“put in”提出，提交；放入；种植；使就职；“turn in”交上；归还；拐入；告发；上床睡觉；“take in”吸收；领会；欺骗；接待;接受；理解；拘留；欺 骗；让进入；改短；“get in”进入；到达；陷入；收获。答案：C54.解析：本句意思是如果我们不团结在一起那么我们都得住在避难所里，即无家可归。“yard”院子；码；庭院；“shelter”庇护；避难所；遮盖物；“camp”露营；“cottage”小屋；村舍；（农舍式的）小别墅。 答案：B5

27、5.解析：本句意思是“美国梦”更多不是意味着我自己能得到什么，而是意味着我们怎样团结起来共同度过。本题容易选择“what”理解成获得什么，但是这儿用的是“get by”意思是通过；过得去；过活；获得认可。答案：D第三部分：阅读理解(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。A Guest ServicesFront Gate Guest Services can help you withanything from finding out what time yourfavourite show starts to pur

28、chasing tickets. TheGuest Services location inside Front Gate alsoserves as a message centre, lost childrens areaand lost and found. Canadas Wonderland doesnot offer personalized public paging (传呼). Food C项应该是“in designated areas only”；D项应该是“in a pet care facilitylocated outside Front Gate”，从文中“If y

29、ou need medical assistance, tell any park employee-”可知B项答案正确。答案：B BWeve considered several ways of paying to cut in line: hiring line standers, buying tickets from scalpers (票贩子), or purchasing line-cutting privileges directly from, say, an airline or an amusement park. Each of thesedeals replaces t

30、he morals of the queue (waiting your turn) with the morals of the market (paying a price for fasterservice).Markets and queuespaying and waitingare two different ways of allocating things, and each isappropriate to different activities. The morals of the queue, “First come, first served, have an ega

31、litarian (平等主义的) appeal. They tell us to ignore privilege, power, and deep pockets. The principle seems right on playgrounds and at bus stops. But the morals of the queue do not govern alloccasions. If I put my house up for sale, I have no duty to accept the first offer that comes along, simply beca

32、useits the first. Selling my house and waiting for a bus are different activities, properly governed by differentstandards.Sometimes standards change, and it is unclear which principle should apply. Think of the recorded messageyou hear, played over and over, as you wait on hold when calling your ba

33、nk: “Your call will be answered in theorder in which it was received.” This is essential for the morals of the queue. Its as if the company is trying toease our impatience with fairness.But dont take the recorded message too seriously. Today, some peoples calls are answered faster than others.Call c

34、enter technology enables companies to “score” incoming calls and to give faster service to those that comefrom rich places.You might call this telephonic queue jumping.Of course, markets and queues are not the only ways of allocating things. Some goods we distribute by merit,others by need, still ot

35、hers by chance. However, the tendency of markets to replace queues, and other non-marketways of allocating goods is so common in modern life that we scarcely notice it anymore. It is striking that mostof the paid queue-jumping schemes weve consideredat airports and amusement parks, in call centers,

36、doctorsoffices, and national parksare recent developments, scarcely imaginable three decades ago. The disappearance of the queues in these places may seem an unusual concern, but these are not the only places that markets haveentered.58.According to the author, which of the following seems governed

37、by the principle “First come, first served”?A. Taking buses.B. Buying houses.C. Flying with an airline.D. Visiting amusement parks.59. The example of the recorded message in Paragraphs 4 and 5 illustrates _.A. the necessity of patience in queuingB. the advantage of modern technologyC. the uncertaint

38、y of allocation principleD. the fairness of telephonic services60. The passage is meant to _.A. justify paying for faster servicesB. discuss the morals of allocating thingsC. analyze the reason for standing in line D. criticize the behavior of queue jumping58.解析：从第二段第二句话和第三段第一句可知排队等车时遵循先来先上的原则。答案：A5

39、9.解析：4、5两段主要是说排队等候原则不是说所有场合都适用，有时候标准是会变的，对待各种场合的录音信息不要太认真，有时候公司会利用呼叫中心给某些人优先权，所以说这种分配事情的原则不是一成不 变的。答案：C60.解析：本文主要讨论了排队等候原则和额外付款得到更快服务的情况，所以B项是文章主要内容。答案：B CIf a diver surfaces too quickly, he may suffer the bends. Nitrogen (氮)dissolved (溶解) in his blood is suddenly liberated by the reduction of press

40、ure. Theconsequence, if the bubbles (气泡) accumulate in a joint, is sharp pain and a bentbodythus the name. If the bubbles form in his lungs or his brain, the consequencecan be death.Other air-breathing animals also suffer this decompression (减压) sickness ifthey surface too fast: whales, for example.

41、 And so, long ago, did ichthyosaurs. That these ancient sea animals got the bends can be seen from their bones. If bubbles ofnitrogen form inside the bone they can cut off its blood supply. This kills the cellsin the bone, and consequently weakens it, sometimes to the point of collapse. Fossil (化石)

42、bones that have cavedin on themselves are thus a sign that the animal once had the bends.Bruce Rothschild of the University of Kansas knew all this when he began a study of ichthyosaur bones tofind out how widespread the problem was in the past. What he particularly wanted to investigate was howicht

43、hyosaurs adapted to the problem of decompression over the 150 million years. To this end, he and hiscolleagues traveled the worlds natural-history museums, looking at hundreds of ichthyosaurs from the Triassicperiod and from the later Jurassic and Cretaceous periods.When he started, he assumed that

44、signs of the bends would be rarer in younger fossils, reflecting theirgradual evolution of measures to deal with decompression. Instead, he was astonished to discover the opposite.More than 15% of Jurassic and Cretaceous ichthyosaurs had suffered the bends before they died, but not a singleTriassic

45、specimen (标本) showed evidence of that sort of injury.If ichthyosaurs did evolve an anti-decompression means, they clearly did so quicklyand, most strangely,they lost it afterwards. But that is not what Dr Rothschild thinks happened. He suspects it was evolution in otheranimals that caused the change

46、. Whales that suffer the bends often do so because they have surfaced to escape a predator (捕食动物) such asa large shark. One of the features of Jurassic oceans was an abundance of large sharks and crocodiles, both ofwhich were fond of ichthyosaur lunches. Triassic oceans, by contrast, were mercifully

47、 shark- and crocodile-free.In the Triassic, then, ichthyosaurs were top of the food chain. In the Jurassic and Cretaceous, they were prey (猎物) as well as predatorand often had to make a speedy exit as a result.61. Which of the following is a typical symptom of the bends?A. A twisted body.B. A gradua

48、l decrease in blood supply.C. A sudden release of nitrogen in blood.D. A drop in blood pressure.62. The purpose of Rothschilds study is to see _.A. how often ichthyosaurs caught the bendsB. how ichthyosaurs adapted to decompressionC. why ichthyosaurs bent their bodiesD. when ichthyosaurs broke their

49、 bones63. Rothschilds finding stated in Paragraph 4 _. A. confirmed his assumptionB. speeded up his research processC. disagreed with his assumptionD. changed his research objectives64. Rothschild might have concluded that ichthyosaurs _.A. failed to evolve an anti-decompression meansB. gradually developed measures against the bendsC. died out because of large sharks and crocodiles D. evolved an anti-decompression means but soon lost it61.解析：从文章第一段第三句可知是身体的疼痛和弯曲。答案：A62.解析：从文章第三段第二句可