专业英语八级-人文知识(一)及答案解析.doc

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1、专业英语八级-人文知识(一)及答案解析 (总分：50.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、TEST ONE(总题数：10，分数：10.00)1.Which of the following is not a work of Edgar Allan Poe in American history?（分数：1.00）A.The Raven.B.Annabel Lee.C.To Helen.D.The Pasture.2.The _ are immigrants from Latin America which was once a large colony of the Spanish Empire.（

2、分数：1.00）A.blacksB.HispanicsC.Pilgrim FathersD.Jews3.Poor Richards Almanac, an annual collection of American proverbs, was written by（分数：1.00）A.Washington Irving.B.Benjamin Franklin.C.Nathanial Hawthorn.D.Mark Twain.4.The design features of language may be all the following EXCEPT（分数：1.00）A.arbitrari

3、ness.B.duality.C.creativity.D.replacement.5.What does Australia mean according to the origin of the country?（分数：1.00）A.Land leading to Antarctic.B.Land leading to Arctic.C.Land leading to tough land.D.Land leading to Austria.6.As for functions of language, Jakobson defined the following key elements

4、 of communication: Speaker, Addressee, Context, Message, Code and（分数：1.00）A.Contact.B.Interaction.C.Emotion.D.Meaning.7.Westminster Abbey is known for its _ which has been the traditional burial ground of the most famous English poets.（分数：1.00）A.Speakers CornerB.Poets CornerC.London TowerD.archbisho

5、p8.In the novel _, Samuel Butler satirizes the religion, school education and the theory of positivism.（分数：1.00）A.NowhereB.UtopiaC.Gullivers TravelsD.Erewhon9.Chomskys _ hypothesis is based on his observations that some important facts can never be otherwise explained adequately such as children can

6、 learn language very fast.（分数：1.00）A.naturalB.innatenessC.genuineD.heritage10.Behind and through the eastern states of the Unites States runs the range of（分数：1.00）A.the Rocky Mountains.B.the Appalachian Mountains.C.the Cascade Mountains.D.the Cordillera Ranges.二、TEST TOW(总题数：10，分数：10.00)11.A group o

7、f lines which are set off and form a division in a poem is called a（分数：1.00）A.verse.B.stanza.C.chapter.D.line.12.The jury in the High Court of New Zealand is composed of _ members（分数：1.00）A.18B.16C.14D.1213.Both syntax and semantics are the branches of linguistics. The former studies the rules gover

8、ning the combination of words into sentences, the latter（分数：1.00）A.the form of words.B.the meaning of language.C.the sound patterns of language.D.the change of language.14.Which of the following words is a blend, i.e. a word formed by combining parts of others?（分数：1.00）A.Disco.B.Laser.C.Motel.D.AIDS

9、.15.George Gordon Byron was famous for the following works EXCEPT（分数：1.00）A.Child Harolds Pilgrimage.B.Queen Mab.C.Hours of Idleness. D.Don Juan. 16.The USGovernment falls into three branches：the legislative，_ and the judicial（分数：1.00）A.the representativeB.the democraticC.the executiveD.the independ

10、ent17.On which of the following streets is the financial centre of the US10cated?（分数：1.00）A.Fleet StreetB.Downing StreetC.Wall StreetD.Baker Street18.James Joyce was a famous _ whose masterpiece Ulysses has been highly eulogized in the Western literary world as one of the greatest works in the 20th

11、century.（分数：1.00）A.essayistB.novelistC.poetD.playwright19._ first proposed the Speech Act Theory.（分数：1.00）A.SearleB.AustinC.GriceD.Halliday20.Education in the UKis compulsoryfor all children aged between（分数：1.00）A.5 and 16B.8 and 17C.6 and 15D.7 and 19三、TEST THREE(总题数：10，分数：10.00)21.A historical stu

12、dy of language is a _ study of language.（分数：1.00）A.synchronicB.diachronicC.prescriptiveD.comparative22._ is the study of speech sounds in any spoken human language or a language with reference to their distribution and patterning and to tacit rules governing pronunciation.（分数：1.00）A.SemanticsB.Synta

13、xC.PhonologyD.Morphology23.The Call of the Wild is one of the masterpieces of（分数：1.00）A.Thomas Stearns Eliot.B.Jack London.C.William Faulkner.D.Robert Frost.24._ , the great Roman general, invaded Britain for the first time in 55 BC.（分数：1.00）A.ClaudiusB.Julius CaesarC.Robert LeeD.Stephen Lang25.Midd

14、le English was deeply influenced by（分数：1.00）A.Norman French in vocabulary and grammar.B.Greek and Latin because of the European renaissance movement.C.Danish languages because Denmark placed a king on the throne of England.D.the Celtic people who were the first inhabitants of England.26.Who was the

15、first English King to bring all Ireland under English control?（分数：1.00）A.Henry .B.Henry C.Henry .D.James .27.Which of the following works is NOT written by William Shakespeare?（分数：1.00）A.A Midsummer Nights Dream.B.The Tragedy of Macbeth.C.Paradise Lost.D.The Tempest.28.Shelleys masterpiece, Promethe

16、us Unbound, is a verse drama, which borrows the basic story from（分数：1.00）A.the Bible.B.a German legend.C.a Greek play.D.One Thousand and One Nights.29.With regard to its size, Australia is _ country in the world.（分数：1.00）A.the third largestB.the fourth largestC.the fifth largestD.the sixth largest30

17、.The United Kingdom is located in（分数：1.00）A.northern Europe.B.western Europe.C.northwestern Europe.D.southeastern Europe.四、TEST FOUR(总题数：10，分数：10.00)31.A linguistic _ refers to a word or expression that is prohibited by the polite society from general use.（分数：1.00）A.slangB.euphemismC.jargonD.taboo32

18、.Which of the following novels can be regarded as typically belonging to the school of literary modernism?（分数：1.00）A.The Sound and the Fury.B.Uncle Toms Cabin. C.Daisy Miller.D.The Gilded Age.33.The first English colony in America was founded in _ in 1607.（分数：1.00）A.VirginiaB.MassachusettsC.New York

19、D.New Jersey34.More than one variant, realizing some morphemes according to the position in a word, are termed（分数：1.00）A.phonemes.B.allomorphs.C.morphs.D.phones.35.The British Prime Ministers official residence is No. 10 _ Street in London.（分数：1.00）A.DowningB.OxfordC.KnightsbridgeD.Regent36._ is the

20、 way in which the meaning of a word can be dissected into meaning components called semantic features.（分数：1.00）A.Predication analysisB.Componential analysisC.Phonemic analysisD.Grammatical analysis37.On _ , 1776, the Congress adopted the Declaration of Independence.（分数：1.00）A.June4B.July4C.June 14D.

21、July 1438.The Norman Conquest started a continual flow of _ words into English.（分数：1.00）A.LatinB.GreekC.DanishD.French39.Tess of the DUrbervilles, one of _ best known novels, portrays man as having no control over his own fate.（分数：1.00）A.Jack LondonsB.Thomas HardysC.Jane AustinsD.William Butler Yeat

22、s40.Romance, which uses narrative verse or prose to tell stories of _ adventures or other heroic deeds, is a popular literary form in the medieval period.（分数：1.00）A.ChristianB.GreekC.knightlyD.primitive五、TFST FIVE(总题数：10，分数：10.00)41.The morpheme vision in the common word television is a (n)（分数：1.00）

23、A.bound morpheme.B.bound form.C.inflectional morpheme.D.free morpheme.42.The British Empire was replaced by the British Commonwealth or the Commonwealth of Nations in（分数：1.00）A.1921.B.1931.C.1945.D.1950.43.Whose masterpiece The Great Gatsby made him one of the greatest American novelists?（分数：1.00）A.

24、Wallace Stevens.B.Stephen Crane.C.William Dean Howells.D.Scott Fitzgerald.44.Canada occupies about _ of North American.（分数：1.00）A.1/3B.1/2C.1/4D.1/545.Canadas largest city is（分数：1.00）A.Montreal.B.Toronto.C.Ottawa.D.Vancouver.46.The state which has the largest land area in the United States is（分数：1.0

25、0）A.Texas.B.California.C.Alaska.D.Utah.47._ does not study meaning in isolation, but in context.（分数：1.00）A.PragmaticsB.SemanticsC.Sense relationD.Concept48.Which of the following writers was ever appointed as Poet Laureate?（分数：1.00）A.Thomas Gray.B.Samuel Johnson.C.William Wordsworth.D.Richard Brinsl

26、ey Sheridan.49.Eugene ONeills first full-length play, _ made a great hit and won him the first Pulitzer Prize.（分数：1.00）A.Anna ChristieB.Beyond the HorizonC.Bound East to CardiffD.The Long Voyage Home50.Language change is（分数：1.00）A.universal, continuous and to a large extent, regular and systematic.B

27、.continuous, regular, systematic, but not universal.C.universal, continuous, but not regular and systematic.D.always regular and systematic, but not universal and continuous.专业英语八级-人文知识(一)答案解析 (总分：50.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、TEST ONE(总题数：10，分数：10.00)1.Which of the following is not a work of Edgar Allan Poe in

28、 American history?（分数：1.00）A.The Raven.B.Annabel Lee.C.To Helen.D.The Pasture.解析：Edgar Allan Poe(埃德加爱伦坡，18091894)美国作家、诗人、编辑及文学评论家。其诗旋律优美，才华横溢。诗歌特色是唯美和恐怖，如让人毛骨悚然的诗歌The Raven(乌鸦)。Israfel(以色拉非)是爱伦坡为自己所做的代言诗歌，而Annabel Lee(安娜贝尔李)则是哀悼一位美丽女孩之死。死亡是爱伦坡作品中多次出现的主题。To Helen(致海伦)也是其著名作品。DThe Pasture(牧场)是美国著名田园诗人

29、Robert Frost(罗伯特弗罗斯特，18741963)的诗作，故为答案。2.The _ are immigrants from Latin America which was once a large colony of the Spanish Empire.（分数：1.00）A.blacksB.HispanicsC.Pilgrim FathersD.Jews解析：自15世纪末欧洲殖民势力开始侵入美洲以来，众多印第安人遭到杀戮，人口骤减，随着外来移民的大批涌入，美洲人口的民族构成和文化构成便发生了极大的改变。先是欧洲人的陆续迁入，继而是大批非洲黑奴被贩运至此，19世纪后又招募了许多来自亚

30、洲国家的契约劳工进入美洲从事经济开发。最初来到美洲的欧洲移民主要是西班牙人和葡萄牙人，他们移居拉丁美洲各地，纷纷建立殖民地；其后，又有法兰西人、荷兰人、英格兰人以及丹麦人等移人北美，也先后建起自己的殖民地。由此可知B为答案。3.Poor Richards Almanac, an annual collection of American proverbs, was written by（分数：1.00）A.Washington Irving.B.Benjamin Franklin.C.Nathanial Hawthorn.D.Mark Twain.解析：本题考查美国文学知识。本杰明富兰克林(B

31、enjamin Franklin)是一位出色、勤勉不懈且多才多艺的人。代表作Autobiography(自传)。1732年他自行出版了Poor Richard5 Almanack(穷人理查德年鉴)，之后连续出版了25年；其中包含许多耳熟能详的名言，包括：God helps those that help themselves. (自助者天助。)。4.The design features of language may be all the following EXCEPT（分数：1.00）A.arbitrariness.B.duality.C.creativity.D.replacement

32、.解析：语言的*区别性特征(design features)是指人类语言所具有的使人类交流区别于其他动物间的交流的特征，包括：任意性(arbitrariness)、二重性(duality)、创造性(creativity)、移位性(displacement)等。Dreplacement“取代”和displacement“移位”完全不同，故为答案。5.What does Australia mean according to the origin of the country?（分数：1.00）A.Land leading to Antarctic.B.Land leading to Arctic

33、.C.Land leading to tough land.D.Land leading to Austria.解析：澳大利亚一词，意即“南方大陆”，欧洲人在17世纪初发现这块大陆时，误以为这是一块直通南极(Antarctic)的陆地，故取名“澳大利亚”，Australia即由拉丁文terraaustralis(南方的土地)变化而来。6.As for functions of language, Jakobson defined the following key elements of communication: Speaker, Addressee, Context, Message,

34、Code and（分数：1.00）A.Contact.B.Interaction.C.Emotion.D.Meaning.解析：Jakobson(雅科布逊)认为，和任何符号系统一样，语言的首要目的是交流。对很多人来说，交流的目的是所指但Jakobson以及布拉格学派的结构主义者认为，所指并不是交流的唯一目的。他定义了言语行为的六大要素：说话者(speaker)、受话者(addressee)、语境(context)、信息(message)、语码(code)和接触(contact)。A为答案。其他选项意思分别是BInteraction“交往”、CEmotion“感情”、DMeaning“意义”。7

35、.Westminster Abbey is known for its _ which has been the traditional burial ground of the most famous English poets.（分数：1.00）A.Speakers CornerB.Poets CornerC.London TowerD.archbishop解析：威斯敏斯特教堂(Westminster Abbey)是英国中世纪建筑的典型代表，由教堂和修道院两大部分组成，在教堂或具有特别纪念意义的建筑物中会为杰出的人物划出一席之地。教堂南翼的“诗人角”就是诗人和作家墓祠的聚集地。四个选项中只

36、有B诗人角”阐释了题干中的“诗人的埋葬地”之意。D含义是“大主教”，与题意不符。8.In the novel _, Samuel Butler satirizes the religion, school education and the theory of positivism.（分数：1.00）A.NowhereB.UtopiaC.Gullivers TravelsD.Erewhon解析：Samuel Butler(塞缪尔巴特勒，18351902)，著有长篇小说The Way of All Flesh(众生之路)，被戏剧大师萧伯纳誉为“19世纪后半期英国最伟大的作家”。巴特勒的第一部作品

37、是Erewhon(埃瑞璜)(1872)，在其中他辛辣地讽刺了英国维多利亚时期的社会秩序和风俗习惯，有评论家认为，埃瑞璜是继斯威夫特的小说Gullivers Travel(格列佛游记)之后英国所诞生的又一部经典讽刺文学作品。BUtopia(乌托邦)是人文主义者Thomas More(托马斯莫尔，14781.535)的代表作。9.Chomskys _ hypothesis is based on his observations that some important facts can never be otherwise explained adequately such as childre

38、n can learn language very fast.（分数：1.00）A.naturalB.innatenessC.genuineD.heritage解析：Chomsky认为语言是某种天赋，儿童天生就具有一种学习语言的能力，叫做“语言习得机制(LAD)”。他认为儿童生来就具有一种独特的天赋才能(innateness)，即儿童天生就具有基本的语法知识和语法范畴的知识，并且这种知识是一种通用的、普遍的知识，是存在于一切人类语言之中并为人类幼儿所天生具有的知识，Binnateness(天赋)为答案。其他选项意思分别是Anatural“自然的”、Cgenuine“真诚的”、Dheritage

39、“遗产”。10.Behind and through the eastern states of the Unites States runs the range of（分数：1.00）A.the Rocky Mountains.B.the Appalachian Mountains.C.the Cascade Mountains.D.the Cordillera Ranges.解析：美国本土在地形上是两侧高，中间低。东面有阿巴拉契亚山脉(Appalachian Mountains)，西面有落基山脉(Rocky Mountains)，这两个山脉之间是广袤的平原和草原。由此可见，东部的山脉为B。

40、C和D均为西部山区的山脉。二、TEST TOW(总题数：10，分数：10.00)11.A group of lines which are set off and form a division in a poem is called a（分数：1.00）A.verse.B.stanza.C.chapter.D.line.解析：stanza(诗节)指诗中由两行或更多行构成的一节，通常以有相同音节、节奏和行数为特征。12.The jury in the High Court of New Zealand is composed of _ members（分数：1.00）A.18B.16C.14D

41、.12解析：新西兰高等法院陪审团由12位成员组成。13.Both syntax and semantics are the branches of linguistics. The former studies the rules governing the combination of words into sentences, the latter（分数：1.00）A.the form of words.B.the meaning of language.C.the sound patterns of language.D.the change of language.解析：Syntax(

42、句法学)研究语言中词组合成句子的支配规则，Semantics(语义学)研究语言所表达的含义。14.Which of the following words is a blend, i.e. a word formed by combining parts of others?（分数：1.00）A.Disco.B.Laser.C.Motel.D.AIDS.解析：motel由motor hotel拼缀而成。拼缀法指把两个词截头或去尾拼合成一个词，如breakfast and lunch拼合成brunch。Laser和AIDS由首字母缩略法(acronym)构成，如laser(激光)=Light A

43、mplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation(受激辐射式光频放大器)；AIDS(艾滋病)全称为“Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome”(获得性免疫功能丧失综合症)。Disco属于缩略词(shortening word)，源自discotheque(迪斯科舞)。15.George Gordon Byron was famous for the following works EXCEPT（分数：1.00）A.Child Harolds Pilgrimage.B.Queen Mab.C.Hours of Idle

44、ness. D.Don Juan. 解析：Queen Mab(麦布女王)是Percy Bysshe Shelley(珀西比希-雪莱，19721822)所著的一首长诗。Child Harolds Pilgrimage(恰尔德哈罗尔德游记)、Hours of Idleness(消闲时光)、Don Juan(唐璜)都为George Gordon Byron(拜伦，17881824)所写。16.The USGovernment falls into three branches：the legislative，_ and the judicial（分数：1.00）A.the representativeB.the democraticC.the executiveD.the independent解析：美国的政治体制是立法、行政、司法三权分立。国会掌握立法权，由参、众丽院组成；总统掌管行政权，是国家元首、政府首脑和三军的统帅；司法权归最高法院及下级法院。17.On which of the following streets is the financial centre of the US10cated?（分数：1.00）A.Fleet St