专业英语八级（改错）-试卷183及答案解析.doc

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1、专业英语八级（改错）-试卷183及答案解析 (总分：52.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、LANGUAGE USAGE(总题数：26，分数：52.00)1.PART III LANGUAGE USAGE（分数：2.00）_2.As is often pointed out, knowledge is a two-edged weapon which could be used equally for good or evil.（分数：2.00）填空项1:_3.They would know that in very cold conditions water becomes a solid ca

2、lled ice and that when heating on a fire it becomes a vapor called steam.（分数：2.00）填空项1:_4.What we all know, if somebody doesnt wake up, the middle class is on a path to being downsized all the way to the bottom of society.（分数：2.00）填空项1:_5.What we were in the past very largely determines what we are

3、now and in its turn will very largely determine what we will become.（分数：2.00）填空项1:_6.Interest refers to the amount what your money earns when it is kept in a savings instrument.（分数：2.00）填空项1:_7.It is commonly believed in the United States that school is where people go to get an education; therefore

4、, it has been said that today children interrupt their education to go to school.（分数：2.00）填空项1:_8.Far too many people fail to realize that pronouncing a foreign language is a skillone needs careless training of a special kind, and one that cannot be acquired by just leaving it to take care of itself

5、.（分数：2.00）填空项1:_9.The President himself is constantly leaving Washington while he is summoned to fundraising dinners where fat cats pay a thousand or so dollars a plate to worm their way into government not through service but through donations of vast amounts of money.（分数：2.00）填空项1:_10.Im quite neg

6、ative that humor is the most comfortable and lovable quality. For humorous persons, if their gift is genuine and not a mere shine upon the surface, are always agreeable companies.（分数：2.00）填空项1:_11.Womens work has not changed considerably in the past 200 years, moving from the household to the office

7、 or the factory, and later becoming mostly white-collar instead of blue-collar work.（分数：2.00）填空项1:_12.Many of the companies with commercial products are experiencing the unusual hard-time of pioneers, including production kinks, cautious customers, and the impact of the recessions.（分数：2.00）填空项1:_13.

8、The total quantity of water is not known, and it is about enough to cover the surface of the globe to depth of about two and three-quarter kilometers.（分数：2.00）填空项1:_14.Wheat prices were generally low in the autumn, so farmers could not wait for markets to improve.（分数：2.00）填空项1:_15.An hour of hunting

9、 yields on average about 100 edible calories, as an hour of gathering produces 240.（分数：2.00）填空项1:_16.He continues to talk to the guest and listen to him, but leans forward and grasps the arms of the chair as about to push himself upwards.（分数：2.00）填空项1:_17.Most of it97% is in the form of the salt wat

10、ers of the oceans. The rest is fresh, but three quarters of this is in the form of ice at the Poles and on mountains, and cannot be used by living systems when melted.（分数：2.00）填空项1:_18.Air quality in Britain has improved considerably in the last thirty years. Total emissions of smoke in the air have

11、 risen by over 85 percent since 1950.（分数：2.00）填空项1:_19.For its first few years, it was the only newspaper in the territory, and during the following decades, enterprising Washingtonians founded many other papers.（分数：2.00）填空项1:_20.Potential disorganization is present in those families in which the hu

12、sband, wife and children are spatially separated over a long period, and are living together but see each other only briefly because of different work schedules.（分数：2.00）填空项1:_21.Present production is running at 51 percent above pre-war levels, and the government has called for an expansion to 60 pe

13、rcent by 1956, or repeated Ministerial advice is carrying little weight and the expansion program is not working very well.（分数：2.00）填空项1:_22.Since reimbursement rates at the large hospitals are now based on total costs, therefore paying the large institutions a lower rate for routine care would simp

14、ly raise the rates for complex care by comparable amount.（分数：2.00）填空项1:_23.Foetal sleepers tend to be shy and sensitive, but people who assume the soldier position, flat on their back with arms at their sides, are quiet and reserved.（分数：2.00）填空项1:_24.They couldnt, as if they would, get out of troubl

15、e by themselves.（分数：2.00）填空项1:_25.A history of long and effortless success can be a dreadful handicap, but, even if properly handled, it may become a driving force.（分数：2.00）填空项1:_26.It has been known for decades that the appearance of sunspots is roughly periodic, with an average cycle of eleven yea

16、rs. Therefore, the incidence of solar flares and the flux of solar cosmic rays, ultraviolet radiation, and X-radiation all vary directly with the sunspot cycle.（分数：2.00）填空项1:_专业英语八级（改错）-试卷183答案解析 (总分：52.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、LANGUAGE USAGE(总题数：26，分数：52.00)1.PART III LANGUAGE USAGE（分数：2.00）_解析：2.As is often

17、 pointed out, knowledge is a two-edged weapon which could be used equally for good or evil.（分数：2.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：正确答案：时态错误，应把could改为can。）解析：解析：主句knowledge is a two-edged weapon已经显示出时态应为现在时，而从句也不表示虚拟，所以也应该用现在时。本句的意思是“正如人们经常指出的那样，知识是把双刃剑，可以用来造福，也可以用来为害。”3.They would know that in very cold conditions wa

18、ter becomes a solid called ice and that when heating on a fire it becomes a vapor called steam.（分数：2.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：正确答案：语态错误，应把heating改为heated。）解析：解析：在时间、条件、让步等状语从句中，当从句主语和主句主语一致时，可以将从句主语和be动词省略。此题后一个分句就是将when ice is heated on a fire中的ice is省略了，所以应该用过去分词表示被动。4.What we all know, if somebody doesnt w

19、ake up, the middle class is on a path to being downsized all the way to the bottom of society.（分数：2.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：正确答案：定语从句引导词错误，应把What改成As。）解析：解析：此处第一个从句是非限制性定语从句，后面的整个句子是这个定语从句所修饰的先行成分，作know的宾语。这种情况下，需要一个可以指代整个句子的关系代词，只有as具有这个功能。5.What we were in the past very largely determines what we are now a

20、nd in its turn will very largely determine what we will become.（分数：2.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：正确答案：句子成分缺失，应在第一个will前面加上it或者this。）解析：解析：and后面的分句缺少主语，造成句意不明确，因此应加上一个可以替代what we are now的词，使句子在语法和意义上都讲得通。本句的意思是“过去的我们在很大程度上决定了今天的我们，而今天的我们又会在极大程度上决定未来的我们。”6.Interest refers to the amount what your money earns when i

21、t is kept in a savings instrument.（分数：2.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：正确答案：定语从句关系代词误用，应把what改为which或者that或者直接删去。）解析：解析：amount在此是先行词，后面是一个定语从句，关系代词在从句中作宾语，故应用that或which引导，也可将其省略。7.It is commonly believed in the United States that school is where people go to get an education; therefore, it has been said that today

22、children interrupt their education to go to school.（分数：2.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：正确答案：衔接副词误用，应把therefore改成nevertheless或however。）解析：解析：本句前半句说“人们普遍认为学校是人们受教育的地方”，后半句说“一些人认为学校妨碍了孩子们受教育”，可见前后两句是转折关系。8.Far too many people fail to realize that pronouncing a foreign language is a skillone needs careless training of

23、 a special kind, and one that cannot be acquired by just leaving it to take care of itself.（分数：2.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：正确答案：语义错误，应把careless改成careful。）解析：解析：根据上下文语义可知，发音技巧需要经过仔细认真的训练才能掌握，故应将careless改为careful。9.The President himself is constantly leaving Washington while he is summoned to fundraising dinners

24、 where fat cats pay a thousand or so dollars a plate to worm their way into government not through service but through donations of vast amounts of money.（分数：2.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：正确答案：状语从句连词误用，应把while改为because。）解析：解析：主句说“总统经常离开华盛顿”，从句说“他是被叫去参加筹集善款的宴会了”，因此可以看出从句是说明总统离开华盛顿的原因，故应使用because。10.Im quite negat

25、ive that humor is the most comfortable and lovable quality. For humorous persons, if their gift is genuine and not a mere shine upon the surface, are always agreeable companies.（分数：2.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：正确答案：语义错误，应把negative改为positive。）解析：解析：下文说“幽默的人，只要他有真才能，而不是徒有其表，就是令人愉快的伙伴。”由此可见，说话人对幽默持有一种肯定的态度。11.Wome

26、ns work has not changed considerably in the past 200 years, moving from the household to the office or the factory, and later becoming mostly white-collar instead of blue-collar work.（分数：2.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：正确答案：语义错误，应把not去掉。）解析：解析：下文叙述了妇女工作的巨大变化，用not显然与句意不符。12.Many of the companies with commercial pro

27、ducts are experiencing the unusual hard-time of pioneers, including production kinks, cautious customers, and the impact of the recessions.（分数：2.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：正确答案：语义错误，应把unusual改为usual。）解析：解析：下文提到了公司遇到的一些困难，而这是先驱们都会经历的艰难时刻，即这些问题是“寻常的、正常的”，unusual表示“不寻常的”，用在这里不符合句意。13.The total quantity of water is

28、 not known, and it is about enough to cover the surface of the globe to depth of about two and three-quarter kilometers.（分数：2.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：正确答案：连词误用，应把第一个and改为but。）解析：解析：上文提到“水的总量虽不知道”，下文说“但它足够覆盖地球表面了”，因此上下文之间是转折关系，而不是并列关系。14.Wheat prices were generally low in the autumn, so farmers could not wait

29、 for markets to improve.（分数：2.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：正确答案：连词误用，应把so改为but。）解析：解析：这句话的意思是“秋季小麦价格较低，但是农民们不能坐等市场好转”，上下文之间是转折关系，而不是因果关系。15.An hour of hunting yields on average about 100 edible calories, as an hour of gathering produces 240.（分数：2.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：正确答案：连词误用，应把as改为whilewhereas。）解析：解析：根据上下文，这里应该是将hunt

30、ing和gathering的结果进行对比，而不是因果关系。16.He continues to talk to the guest and listen to him, but leans forward and grasps the arms of the chair as about to push himself upwards.（分数：2.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：正确答案：衔接词错误，应在as后加上ifthough。）解析：解析：根据上下文语境，这里的意思是“好像，好似”，而不是“当的时候”，否则逻辑上说不通。本句的意思是“他继续和客人谈话并倾听对方的回答，但同时向前探着身子、紧

31、紧抓住椅子把手，好像要把自己往前推。”17.Most of it97% is in the form of the salt waters of the oceans. The rest is fresh, but three quarters of this is in the form of ice at the Poles and on mountains, and cannot be used by living systems when melted.（分数：2.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：正确答案：语义错误，应把when改为until。）解析：解析：根据上下文可知，冰直到化成水后

32、才能被生态系统里的生物使用，所以用notuntil来表达。18.Air quality in Britain has improved considerably in the last thirty years. Total emissions of smoke in the air have risen by over 85 percent since 1950.（分数：2.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：正确答案：语义错误，应把risen改为droppeddecreased。）解析：解析：第一句说“英国的空气状况在过去的三十年里有了相当大的改善”，所以第二句的意思应该是“烟雾排放量下降了85

33、”，而不是上升了。19.For its first few years, it was the only newspaper in the territory, and during the following decades, enterprising Washingtonians founded many other papers.（分数：2.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：正确答案：连词误用，应把and改为but。）解析：解析：前一个分句的意思是“在最初的几年里它是本地区唯一的报纸”，后半句的意思是“在接下来的几十年里，有进取心的华盛顿人创立了其他的报纸”，由此可见这两句之间是转折关系。2

34、0.Potential disorganization is present in those families in which the husband, wife and children are spatially separated over a long period, and are living together but see each other only briefly because of different work schedules.（分数：2.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：正确答案：连词误用，应把第二个and改为or。）解析：解析：前一个分句的含义是“丈夫、妻子和

35、孩子长时间不住在一起”，后一个分句说“或虽然住在一起，但是由于工作时间的不同只能短暂碰面”，可见这是两种不一样或者对立的情况，因此这里不能使用and，而应使用or，表示两种情况的选择。21.Present production is running at 51 percent above pre-war levels, and the government has called for an expansion to 60 percent by 1956, or repeated Ministerial advice is carrying little weight and the expa

36、nsion program is not working very well.（分数：2.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：正确答案：连词误用，应把or改为but。）解析：解析：前一个分句说“目前的产量比战前高51，并且政府呼吁，到1956年，产量增加到60”，后一个分句说“政府反复强调的建议好像没有什么影响力，产量提高的计划运作不是太好”，可见两个分句之间是转折关系，而不是选择关系。22.Since reimbursement rates at the large hospitals are now based on total costs, therefore paying the large

37、 institutions a lower rate for routine care would simply raise the rates for complex care by comparable amount.（分数：2.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：正确答案：衔接副词冗余，应去掉therefore。）解析：解析：本句的开头已经有了表示因果关系的连词since，再出现therefore是多余的。23.Foetal sleepers tend to be shy and sensitive, but people who assume the soldier position, fl

38、at on their back with arms at their sides, are quiet and reserved.（分数：2.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：正确答案：连词误用，应把but改为while。）解析：解析：but和while虽然都可以表示转折，但but表示转折的语义强烈，而该句前后两个分句句意之间并没有强烈的转折，而是对两种情况作了对比，应该用while连接。本句意为“习惯采取胎儿式睡姿的人通常比较害羞且敏感，而喜欢军人式睡姿，即背部向下平躺着、两只手臂各摆在一侧的人，比较沉默寡言和保守。”24.They couldnt, as if they would, get

39、 out of trouble by themselves.（分数：2.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：正确答案：让步状语从句连词误用，应把as改成even。）解析：解析：本句意为“即使他们想(摆脱)，也无法独立摆脱困难。”as if表示“好像”。25.A history of long and effortless success can be a dreadful handicap, but, even if properly handled, it may become a driving force.（分数：2.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：正确答案：条件状语从句连词误用，应把even去

40、掉。）解析：解析：even if表示“即使”，if表示“如果”，此处的意思是“如果不利因素处理得好的话，可能成为社会发展的动力。”26.It has been known for decades that the appearance of sunspots is roughly periodic, with an average cycle of eleven years. Therefore, the incidence of solar flares and the flux of solar cosmic rays, ultraviolet radiation, and X-radiation all vary directly with the sunspot cycle.（分数：2.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：正确答案：连词误用，应把Therefore改为And。）解析：解析：第一句说“几十年来，人们认为太阳黑子的出现大致是周期性的，平均11年为一个周期。”第二句的意思是“太阳耀斑的发生和太阳宇宙射线、紫外线以及X射线的放射量都随着太阳黑子循环而变动。”这两句之间是并列关系，而不是因果关系，因此应用And连接。