专业八级分类模拟396及答案解析.doc

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1、专业八级分类模拟396及答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、LANGUAGE USAGE(总题数：4，分数：100.00)Bill Gates may be one of the smartest guys in the country, but even hes annoyed at having to remember a sort of personal passwords for activities like withdrawing money and going online. He also thinks theyre secure. At last week

2、s Comdex computer 1 convention in Las Vegas, the Microsoft CEO railed the password as 2 a weak link. One of his proposed solutions are biometrics, the 3 measuring of unique characteristics like the fingerprints and the iris of the eye for the purpose of verifying identification. 4 That delighted abo

3、ut the dozen or so companies that brought 5 biometric technology to Comdex. Mostly start-ups, they came to Vegas shopping schemes to identify you in your hands, your eyes, 6 your voice, even the way you type. We want to see a biometrics row in every CompUSA, right next to joysticks and printers. Say

4、s Kevin Corson of True Touch, a maker of software that works with various forms of the technology. Comdex attendants eagerly lined on at the counter of IriScan, a 7 firm based in Marlton, N. J. , to hold a scannerit looked a bit like a hair dryerabout three inches from their eyes. The device works b

5、y taking a video image of the iris, breaking the image into circular frameworks and analyzed the unique patterns within each area. The 8 company says theres only a one-in-10 chances that two peoples iris 9 will match in its system. A company called Identicator, in San Bruno, Calif. , is aiming a lit

6、tle lowerat your forefingers. The company licenses its scanners to Compaq and other companies, which combine them with keyboards and mice or sell them as $100 stand-alone units that you can put into your computer. 10 （分数：25.00）Contrary to what many people think, depression is not a normal part of gr

7、owing older. Or is it harder to treat in older people. 11 But it is often harder to recognize and harder to get patients accept 12 and continue with treatment. Most people think sadness is a hallmark of depression, Bruce said. Hence more often in older people its anhedonia 13 theyre not enjoying lif

8、e. Theyre irritable and cranky. She added: Many older people desperate over the quality of their lives at the 14 end of life. If they have a functional ability or serious medical 15 illness, it may make it harder to notice depression in older people. Family members, friends and medical personnel mus

9、t take 16 seriously when an older person says Life is not worth live, I 17 dont see any point in living, Id be better off dead or My family would be better off if I died, the experts emphasized. Listen carefully, empathize and help the person get evaluated for treatment or into treatment, Brown urge

10、d. He warned that depressed older adults tend to have few symptoms than younger 18 adults who are depressed. The ideal approach, of course, is to prevent depression in the first place. Brown recommended that older adults structured their 19 days by maintaining a regular cycle and planning activities

11、 that give them pleasure, purpose and a reason for living. He suggested social activities of any typejoining a book club or bowling league, going to a senior center or gym, taking courses at a local college, hanging on out at the coffee shop. 20 Bruce suggests taking up a new interest like painting

12、or needlework or volunteering at a place of worship, school or museum. Brown explains that any activity the person is able to do can help to prevent depression and silly ideas of killing oneself.（分数：25.00）Many animal and even plant species communicate with each other. Humans are not unique in this c

13、apability. Therefore, human 21 language is unique in being a symbol communication system that is 22 learned instead of biologically inherited. A word is one and more sounds that in combination with a special meaning assigned by a language. The symbolic meaning of 23 words can be so powerful that peo

14、ple are willing to risk their lives for them or take the lives of others. A major advantage of human language is being a learned 24 symbolic communication system is that it is infinitely flexible. Meanings can be changed and new symbols create. This is 25 evidenced by the fact which new words are in

15、vented daily and the 26 meaning of old ones changes. Languages evolve in response to change historical and social conditions. Some language 27 transformations typically occur in a generation or more. For instance, the slang words used by your parents were very different from it that you use today. Y

16、ou also probably are familiar with many 28 technical terms, such as text messaging and high definition TV, which were not in general use even a decade ago. Language and speech are not the same thing. Speech is a broad term simply referred to patterned verbal behavior. In contrast, 29 a language is a

17、 set of rules for generating speech. A dialect is a variant of a language. If associated with a geographically isolated speech community, it is referred to a regional dialect. However, if 30 it is spoken by a speech community that is merely socially isolated, it is called a social dialect which is m

18、ostly based on class, gender, age, and particular social situations.（分数：25.00）Moving from the political to the literary arena throughout the 1960s and 1970s, feminist critics began to examine the traditional literary canon and discover example after example of 31 male dominance and prejudice that su

19、pported Beauvoirs and Milletts assertion which males considered the female the 32 Other, an unnatural or deviating being. First, stereotypes of 33 women were abounded in the canon: Women were sex maniacs, 34 goddesses of beauties, mindless entities, or old spinsters. 35 Second, while Dickens, Wordsw

20、orth, Hawthorne, Thoreau, Twain, and a host of other male authors found their way into the established literary canon, a few female authors achieved such 36 status. Third, for the most part, the roles of female, fictionalized characters were limited to secondary positions, more frequent than not occ

21、upying minor parts within the stories or 37 simply averting to the males stereotypical images of women. 38 Fourth, female scholars such as Virginia Woolf and Simone de Beauvoir were ignored, their writings seldom, if never, referred 39 to by the male crafters of the literary canon. Feminist critics

22、of this era asserted that these males and their male counterparts who created and enjoyed a place of prominence within the canon assumed that all readers were females. In addition, since most of the university professors 40 were males, more frequently than not female students were trained to read li

23、terature as if they were males. The feminists of the 1960s and 1970s now postulated the existence of a female reader who was affronted by the male prejudices abounding in the canon.（分数：25.00）专业八级分类模拟396答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、LANGUAGE USAGE(总题数：4，分数：100.00)Bill Gates may be one of the smartest g

24、uys in the country, but even hes annoyed at having to remember a sort of personal passwords for activities like withdrawing money and going online. He also thinks theyre secure. At last weeks Comdex computer 1 convention in Las Vegas, the Microsoft CEO railed the password as 2 a weak link. One of hi

25、s proposed solutions are biometrics, the 3 measuring of unique characteristics like the fingerprints and the iris of the eye for the purpose of verifying identification. 4 That delighted about the dozen or so companies that brought 5 biometric technology to Comdex. Mostly start-ups, they came to Veg

26、as shopping schemes to identify you in your hands, your eyes, 6 your voice, even the way you type. We want to see a biometrics row in every CompUSA, right next to joysticks and printers. Says Kevin Corson of True Touch, a maker of software that works with various forms of the technology. Comdex atte

27、ndants eagerly lined on at the counter of IriScan, a 7 firm based in Marlton, N. J. , to hold a scannerit looked a bit like a hair dryerabout three inches from their eyes. The device works by taking a video image of the iris, breaking the image into circular frameworks and analyzed the unique patter

28、ns within each area. The 8 company says theres only a one-in-10 chances that two peoples iris 9 will match in its system. A company called Identicator, in San Bruno, Calif. , is aiming a little lowerat your forefingers. The company licenses its scanners to Compaq and other companies, which combine t

29、hem with keyboards and mice or sell them as $100 stand-alone units that you can put into your computer. 10 （分数：25.00）解析：secureinsecure解析 语义错误。文章第一句提到“比尔盖茨不喜欢记一些用于取钱和上网的密码”，下文讲到“比尔盖茨认为密码是脆弱的链条”，可见他认为密码是不安全的，因此使用insecure。解析：railedagainst/at解析 介词缺失。rail当“批评，攻击”讲时是不及物动词，需要跟介词against或者at才能接宾语。解析：areis解析

30、主谓不一致。主语是One of his proposed solutions，这种情况下要根据one来决定谓语的单复数，因此需要使用单数is。解析：identificationidentity解析 名词误用。identification是identify的抽象名词形式，表示“辨认，鉴定，证明”，而identity则是具体名词，表示“身份”，这里是指“通过测定某些独一无二的特征如指纹和虹膜来辨别人的身份”，因此需要使用。identity。解析：about about 解析 副词冗余。a dozen or so与the dozen or so均为固定搭配，意为“大约十几个”，about意为“大约”

31、，与之语义重复，应去掉。解析：inby解析 介词误用。通过身体的某个部位进行辨别需要使用介词by。解析：onup解析 固定搭配中的介词误用。line up表示“排队”，不能使用on。解析：analyzedanalyzing解析 非谓语动词误用。此处analyze和前面的taking以及breaking一起作by的宾语，因此使用动名词形式。解析：chanceschance解析 名词单复数错误。chance前面的数词是one-in-10，表示十分之一，因此应该用单数形式chance。解析：putplug解析 动词误用。这里是说“把这个组件铜鼓插槽连接到计算机上”，而不是放进计算机里面，因此使用pl

32、ug。Contrary to what many people think, depression is not a normal part of growing older. Or is it harder to treat in older people. 11 But it is often harder to recognize and harder to get patients accept 12 and continue with treatment. Most people think sadness is a hallmark of depression, Bruce sai

33、d. Hence more often in older people its anhedonia 13 theyre not enjoying life. Theyre irritable and cranky. She added: Many older people desperate over the quality of their lives at the 14 end of life. If they have a functional ability or serious medical 15 illness, it may make it harder to notice d

34、epression in older people. Family members, friends and medical personnel must take 16 seriously when an older person says Life is not worth live, I 17 dont see any point in living, Id be better off dead or My family would be better off if I died, the experts emphasized. Listen carefully, empathize a

35、nd help the person get evaluated for treatment or into treatment, Brown urged. He warned that depressed older adults tend to have few symptoms than younger 18 adults who are depressed. The ideal approach, of course, is to prevent depression in the first place. Brown recommended that older adults str

36、uctured their 19 days by maintaining a regular cycle and planning activities that give them pleasure, purpose and a reason for living. He suggested social activities of any typejoining a book club or bowling league, going to a senior center or gym, taking courses at a local college, hanging on out a

37、t the coffee shop. 20 Bruce suggests taking up a new interest like painting or needlework or volunteering at a place of worship, school or museum. Brown explains that any activity the person is able to do can help to prevent depression and silly ideas of killing oneself.（分数：25.00）解析：OrNor解析 连词误用。本句使

38、用的是倒装句型，而or放在句首时，句子不倒装，只有表示否定的连词nor，neither等放在句首时句子才倒装，并且根据第一句“恰与人们的常识相反，抑郁症并不随着人们年龄的增长而加重”，可以判断本句的含义是“老年人的抑郁症也不难治愈”，因此可以判断应该使用Nor。解析：acceptto解析 动词不定式符号to的缺失。get sb. to do sth. 表示“让某人做某事”，其中的动词不定式符号to不能省略。解析：HenceBut解析 衔接错误。前句说“很多人认为悲伤是抑郁的标志”，接着布鲁斯说“实际上老年患者则表现为缺乏幸福感他们不能享受生活。他们焦躁不安并且脾气暴躁。”由此可见两句话之间是转

39、折关系，而不是顺承关系，所以使用But。解析：desperatedespair解析 词性混用。desperate和despair都表示“绝望”，但是desperate是形容词，不能直接作谓语，而despair是动词。解析：abilitydisability解析 语义错误。本句说“如果这些人有身体残疾或者严重疾病的话，人们就更难意识到这些老年人的抑郁症了。”a functional disability表示“残疾”。解析：takeit解析 It句型错误。本句中take的宾语是后面的宾语从句“when an older person says.”，seriously是补语，因此需要it作形式宾语。

40、解析：liveliving解析 固定搭配错误。be worth doing sth. 表示“值得做什么”，必须使用动词-ing形式。解析：fewfewer解析 形容词比较级错误。此处说“老年人患抑郁症的症状要比年轻患者少”，并且有明显的比较连词than，因此应该使用比较级。解析：structuredstructure解析 虚拟语气错误。表示“建议”的动词如suggest，recommend等后面接宾语从句时需要使用虚拟语气，从句谓语部分用should+动词原形，should可以省略。解析：on on 解析 介词冗余。此处句子意思为“到咖啡店里消磨时间”，应该使用hang out“消磨时间”。M

41、any animal and even plant species communicate with each other. Humans are not unique in this capability. Therefore, human 21 language is unique in being a symbol communication system that is 22 learned instead of biologically inherited. A word is one and more sounds that in combination with a specia

42、l meaning assigned by a language. The symbolic meaning of 23 words can be so powerful that people are willing to risk their lives for them or take the lives of others. A major advantage of human language is being a learned 24 symbolic communication system is that it is infinitely flexible. Meanings

43、can be changed and new symbols create. This is 25 evidenced by the fact which new words are invented daily and the 26 meaning of old ones changes. Languages evolve in response to change historical and social conditions. Some language 27 transformations typically occur in a generation or more. For in

44、stance, the slang words used by your parents were very different from it that you use today. You also probably are familiar with many 28 technical terms, such as text messaging and high definition TV, which were not in general use even a decade ago. Language and speech are not the same thing. Speech

45、 is a broad term simply referred to patterned verbal behavior. In contrast, 29 a language is a set of rules for generating speech. A dialect is a variant of a language. If associated with a geographically isolated speech community, it is referred to a regional dialect. However, if 30 it is spoken by

46、 a speech community that is merely socially isolated, it is called a social dialect which is mostly based on class, gender, age, and particular social situations.（分数：25.00）解析：ThereforeHowever解析 衔接副词误用。上文提到“交流并不是人类独有的能力”，下文则说“人类语言作为一种只能被习得而非遗传的符号化沟通系统是独一无二的”。可见两句话之间应该是转折关系，故将Therefore改成However。解析：sym

47、bolsymbolic解析 词性混用。symbol表示“符号”，是名词。句中被修饰的是名词短语communication system，应该使用形容词symbolic“符号的”。句意为“人类语言作为一种只能被习得而非遗传的符号化沟通系统是独一无二的。”解析：specialspecific解析 形近词误用。special表示“特殊的”，而specific表示“特定的”，一个单词对应的应是一个特定的意思，故应使用specific。解析：is is 解析 be动词冗余。此句主干为A major advantage of human language is that.，being a learned symbolic communication system为非谓语动词结构作后置定语，修饰human language，故应把being前面的is去掉。句意为“人类语言作为一种符号化的沟通系统，其最大的优势在于它的无限灵活性。”解析：createcreated解析 语态错误。new symbols与create之间是动宾关系，故应使用被动语态。为了避免重复，省略了谓语can be，应将create改为created。句意为“人们可以改变单词的意思，也可以创造新的符号。”解析：whichthat解析 从句引导词误用。此处fact