专业八级-1063及答案解析.doc

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1、专业八级-1063 及答案解析(总分：95.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、PART LISTENING COM(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、SECTION A(总题数：1，分数：10.00)How to Write a Book Review. The definition of a book reviewA. a descriptive and critical or evaluative account of a bookB. a summary of content and an analysis of structure. Two approaches to book revie

2、wingA. the descriptive review giving the essential (1) about a bookB. the critical review describing and evaluating the book. Basic requirements and minimum essentialsA. Knowledge of the book (2) B. Mastery of the genre in the workC. Description, not a summary of the bookD. Something about, not a bi

3、ography of, the authorE. (3) appraisal. Five preliminary mechanical stepsA. Reading the book (4) B. Noting effective passages for quotingC. Noting your impressions as you readD. (5) what you have readE. Aiming at achieving a single impression. Starting the outlineA. Getting an over-all grasp of the

4、organizationB. Determining the central point to be madeC. Eliminating (6) or irrelevaneiesD. Filling in gaps or omissions. Making the draftA. The opening paragraph-in a position of emphasis, and-setting the (7) of the paperB. The main body-being (8) organized by the outline-logical development of th

5、e central pointC. The concluding paragraph-summing up or (9) -making the final judgment-introducing no new ideas. (10) the draftA. Correcting all mistakes in grammar and punctuationB. Looking for unity, organization and logical developmentC. Verifying quotations for accuracy and checking the referen

6、ces（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_三、SECTION B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)(1).Cattle raising is not necessarily a profitable business becauseA. the demand is too lowB. the supply is too largeC. the cost is too highD. the price is changeable（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Desp

7、ite insecure returns the ranchers raise cattle becauseA. they like investmentsB. they like challengesC. they like the jobD. they like the rural area（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Beck does not agree with the interviewer who thinks that the rural life suffersA. isolationB. insecurityC. povertyD. crowdedness（分数

8、：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).According to Beck, children on the farm have all the following advantages EXCEPT thatA. they are more responsibleB. they are more self-reliantC. they know how to workD. they are more sophisticated（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Beck thinks it is _ for the government to set a base price.A. hel

9、pfulB. reasonableC. wrongD. necessary（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.四、SECTION C(总题数：3，分数：6.00)(1).How many people were on board when the tour bus crashed?A. Five. B. Six. C. Seven. D. Forty-five.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).According to a police spokesman, what did initial inquiries show?A. Rick Vega was found to have a

10、bad driving record.B. Navaira had been drinking before the accident.C. Joe Casias had been speeding before the accident.D. Navaira was found to have no bus-driving license.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(1).What might happen in the accident on Monday?A. An Egyptian was probably killed by the warning shots.B. Thre

11、e boats all received two sets of warning shots.C. All the small boats stopped immediately at the warning.D. No one died on one of the Egyptian small boats.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The Egyptian boat continued to approach the American ship probably becauseA. the Egyptians thought it was OK to approach mil

12、itary vessels.B. the ship was a civilian vessel and caused misunderstanding.C. the Egyptians did not understand the words of warning.D. no warning flare was fired by the U.S. navy on the ship.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(1).What is President Bushs attitude towards the humiliating treatment of Iraqi prisoners b

13、y American soldiers?A. Ambiguous. B. Negative. C. Apologetic. D. Supportive.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Which of the following has resulted from the Arabian peoples anger over the abuse?A. Six American soldiers were charged.B. Some American soldiers were attacked.C. An advisor to President Bush was reprima

14、nded.D. President Bush was asked to make an apology.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.五、PART READING COMPR(总题数：0，分数：0.00)六、TEXT A(总题数：1，分数：5.00)The destruction of our natural resources and contamination of our food supply continue to occur, largely because of the extreme difficulty in affixing legal responsibility o

15、n those who continue to treat our environment with reckless abandon. Attempts to prevent pollution legislation, economic incentives and friendly persuasion have been met by lawsuits, personal and industrial denial and long delays -not only in accepting responsibility, but more importantly, in doing

16、something about it.It seems that only when government decides it can afford tax incentives or production sacrifices is there any initiative for change. Where is industrys and our recognition that protecting mankinds great treasure is the single most important responsibility? If ever there will be ti

17、me for environmental health professionals to come to the frontlines and provide leadership to solve environmental problems, that time is now.We are being asked, and, in fact, the public is demanding that we take positive action. It is our responsibility as professionals in environmental health to ma

18、ke the difference. Yes, the ecologists, the environmental activists and the conservationists serve to communicate, stimulate thinking and promote behavioral change. However, it is those of us who are paid to make the decisions to develop, improve and enforce environmental standards, I submit, who mu

19、st lead the charge.We must recognize that environmental health issues do not stop at city limits, county lines, state or even federal boundaries. We can no longer afford to be tunnel-versioned in our approach. We must visualize issues from every perspective make the objective decisions. We must expr

20、ess our views clearly to prevent media distortion and public confusion. I believe we have a three-part mission for the present. First, we must continue to press for improvements in the quality of life that people can make for themselves. Second, we must investigate and understand the link between en

21、vironment and health. Third, we must be able to communicate technical information in a form that citizens can understand. If we can accomplish these three goals in this decade, maybe we can finally stop environmental degradation, and not merely hold it back. We will then be able to spend pollution d

22、ollars truly on prevention rather than on bandages.（分数：5.00）(1).We can infer from the first two paragraphs that the industrialists disregard environmental protection chiefly because _.A. they are unaware of the consequences of what they are doingB. they are reluctant to sacrifice their own economic

23、interestsC. time has not yet come for them to put due emphasis on itD. it is difficult for them to take effective measures（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The main task now facing ecologists, environmental activists and conservationists is _.A. to prevent pollution by legislation, economic incentives and persua

24、sionB. to arouse public awareness of the importance of environmental protectionC. to take radical measures to control environmental pollutionD. to improve the quality of life by enforcing environmental standards（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The word tunnel-versioned (Line 2, Para.4) most probably means _.A.

25、narrow-mindedB. blind to the factsC. short-sightedD. able to see only one aspect（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Which of the following, according to the author, should play the leading role in the solution of environmental problems?A. Legislation and government intervention.B. The industrys understanding and s

26、upport.C. The efforts of environmental health professionals.D. The cooperation of ecologists, environmental activists and conservationists.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).According to the text, why destruction of our natural resources and contamination of our food supply continue to occur?A. inevitable phenome

27、non of social developingB. few people are aware of itC. the tax exerted on manufacturer is too heavyD. difficulty in affixing legal responsibility on the people who caused the problem（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.七、TEXT B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Stern recounts her four-year odyssey into the hearts and minds of religious t

28、errorists. She talks to Christian, Jewish and Muslim extremists, violent anti-abortion warriors and admirers of Timothy McVeigh, and discovers how much they have in common. Nothing she finds leads the reader to suppose that any of the religious faiths is inherently more prone to violence than the ot

29、her: the problem is not the words on the page, but how they are read.A rough social template can be extrapolated from Sterns account: the leaders of such groups tend to have much younger, attractive and submissive wives who support their views; long hair, robes, veils and conspicuous deference are p

30、opular in all three faiths. The leaders tend to live in comfortable houses and enjoy the trappings of their power: large cars, acolytes and bodyguards. They talk in generalities about the justice of their cause and the Almightys firm support. Those who serve as cannon fodder, on the other hand, are

31、likely to be young, vulnerable, socially disadvantaged and poorly educated, and to have a sense of personal or collective humiliation. Violence for the cause gives them a feeling of purpose, dignity and the transcendent experience of serving, and perhaps dying for, ideals that they regard as pure. W

32、ith faith, the weak become strong, the selfish become altruistic, and rage turns to conviction.If some of this sounds predictable, it is not to diminish the interest of Sterns account. A leading expert On terrorism and a lecturer at the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard, she has tracked down a

33、nd interviewed an impressive range of activists in a variety of causes from Florida to Kashmir. On a subject that tends to be richer in rhetoric than in detail, a writer able and willing to get this close is hard to find.These are not always profoundly penetrating encounters: there is an implicit ba

34、rgain- which Stern readily acknowledges-that if you are allowed across the threshold it is bemuse your interlocutor has an agenda that he imagines will be furthered. Terrorists need people to notice what they do and, for reasons of fund-raising and recruitment, want to convince a wider circle that t

35、he cause is just. Perhaps Stems critics would deem this a reason to stay away, but they would be wrong. She is a levelheaded investigator whose knowledge of the background of groups like these adds perspective to her interviews.A feeling of complete certainty, let alone absolute purity, is hard to c

36、ome by in the examined life. To foster the conviction that God supports the murder of innocents requires a tightknit group and a settled hatred of the Other: in these circles, whites hate blacks and Jews; Jews and Christians hate Muslims and vice versa; anti-abortion crusaders hate gynecologists. Al

37、l of them seem to have it in for homosexuals and most, even the Americans, bate contemporary America. Tolerance and womens rights, as Stern observes, are irritating to those left behind by modernity.Avigdor Eskin, a millenarian Jew, believes, rather against the evidence, that the United States is co

38、nspiring to destroy Israel. To meet him, Stern, who is careful to share this kind of detail, dressed in a long skirt, long sleeves and a scarf that covered her hair, neck and shoulders completely an outfit that would have been equally de rigueur for a meeting with a strict Muslim. And as Eskin himse

39、lf volunteers, they resemble each other in more than their dress code: “Here in Israel, we dont like to say this very loudly, but the radical right Jewish groups have a lot in common with Hamas.“ Both, Stern adds, have twin political and religious objectives and both use selective readings of religi

40、ous texts and of history to justify violence over territory.If to the outsider the manners are similar, each group believes itself to be uniquely favored by the Almighty, and each individual follows his own trajectory. A Palestinian suicide bomber might be suffering from what Stern describes as the

41、epidemic of despair that afflicts his people. An American Identity Christian who was sickly as a child still burns with the humiliation of being made to join a girlsgym class at school. A young madrasah student in Pakistan says that the day he came to the religious school was the first time in his l

42、ife he had enough food to eat or clothes to wear; two of his fellow pupils tell her that education and wealth are the two greatest threats to their cause.The argument is often a fight about land and resources expressed through the powerful ideologies of identity. Some groups-the mujaheddin who fough

43、t in Afghanistan or the Muslim warriors in Indonesia-were created by state security services but have now escaped from control. Most enjoy ample funds and money has become, for many, a reason for continuing the war.In between her interviews, Stern offers a cogent analysis of methodologies andstructu

44、res: she distinguishes between lone-wolf avengers and organizations with hierarchies of command, between networks, franchises and freelances, between inspirational leaders and leaderless resistance. She lays out the impact of the post-9/11 war on terror on organizations like Al Qaeda and confirmed m

45、y suspicion that both the rhetoric and the reality of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan have boosted their numbers without crippling their capacity to harm. To fight todays terrorism with an army is like trying to shoot a cloud of mosquitoes with a machine gun.The hard part, of course, is what to do

46、instead. Stern describes how winner-take-all globalization provokes powerful resentment in a wide range of communities. Failed states, weak or tyrannical governments, social deprivation, arbitrary use of power and a perception of injustice-all help generate recruits. The Internet and the easy availa

47、bility of weapons helps empower the discontented. On an individual level, though, why one true believer in search of a transcendent experience should become a saint and another a terrorist seems to be chance: it can come down to the wrong company at the vulnerable moment. On a global scale, Stern ve

48、ntures some general policy advice, without claiming to offer a solution. As a description of the problem, though, this is a serious and provocative beginning.（分数：5.00）(1).According to the passage, which of the following is NOT the writers opinion?A. Those who criticize Stern would be wrong in effect

49、.B. Stems analysis of terrorist structures is quite convincing.C. Stern does not try to offer solutions to end terrorism.D. Humus uses selective readings of history to justify violence.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?A. Terrorists appreciate womens rights. B. Some terrorists die for their ideals.C. Terro