专业八级-1040及答案解析.doc

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1、专业八级-1040 及答案解析(总分：91.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、PART LISTENING COM(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、SECTION A(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Theories of History. How much we know about history?A. Written records exist for only a fraction of mans timeB. The accuracy of these records is often (1) , and details in them often needs improvement.

2、Reconstruction of history before writingA. being difficult because of the (2) of history to usB. the most that we can do is: use (3) and the knowledge of the habits of animals. Theories about historyA. Objective: to (4) the beginning and deduce the end of mans story.B. One theory believes that man c

3、ontinually (5) .- (6) must be more intelligent and civilized than his ancestors.-Human race will evolve into a race of (7) .C. The second theory holds the mans history is like a (8) of development.-Modem man is not the most superior.-Modern man may be inferior to members of (9) .D. The third theory:

4、 Human societies repeat a cycle of stages, but overall progress is (10) in the long historical perspective.（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_三、SECTION B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)(1).According to Dr. Adams, what should we have as an attainable goal of language learn

5、ing?A. Speaking as fluently as a native speaker. B. Gaining proficiency in a foreign language.C. Learning a language well within a month. D. Learning words without active use of them.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Which of the following is Dr. Adams suggestion to tap your learning potential?A. Following what

6、a role model does. B. Learning new words in contexts.C. Knowing your own ways of learning. D. Reciting new vocabularies loudly.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).If you favor reading illustrated books to learn a language, you are primarilyA. an auditory learner. B. a visual learner.C. a tactile learner. D. an unu

7、sual learner.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).When watching movies to learn English, you should NOTA. turn on the captious for reference. B. watch in the most relaxed possible way.C. pause when encountering new expressions. D. use an English-English dictionary.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).According to the interview, wh

8、ich of the following helps to better understand different accents?A. Following classroom instructions. B. Watching plenty of movies online.C. Breaking down cultural barriers. D. Backpacking around the world.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.四、SECTION C(总题数：3，分数：5.00)(1).The farmers federations have said that the str

9、ike will last forA. two weeks. B. a month.C. an unknown period. D. three days.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).What was the consequence of the 2001 protests in Argentina?A. Butchers and supermarkets were affected. B. The ex-president was overthrown.C. Roads to the capital were blocked. D. Export taxes for farm

10、products were cut.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(1).How many people recognized the man in the pictures within 2 days?A. 24. B. 3. C. 640. D. 48.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Which one is NOT included in the clue that helped the police identify the man?A. His picture. B. His apartment number.C. His pseudonym. D. His vita.

11、（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.1.What is the main idea of the news item?A. The Citigroup has been worst hit by the international credit crisis.B. The Citigroup has already started to reduce the size of its business.C. The Citigroup has encountered great losses in the credit crisis.D. The Citigroup has decided to

12、take measures to deal with great losses.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.五、PART READING COMPR(总题数：0，分数：0.00)六、TEXT A(总题数：1，分数：5.00)This fishing village of 1,480 people is a bleak and lonely place. Set on the southwestern edge of Iceland, the volcanic landscape is whipped by the North Atlantic winds, which hush ever

13、ything around them. A sculpture at the entrance to the village depicts a naked man facing a wall of seawater twice his height. There is no movie theater, and many residents never venture to the capital, a 50-min. drive away.But Sandgerdi might be the perfect place to raise girls who have mathematica

14、l talent. Government researchers two years ago tested almost every 15-year-old in Iceland for it and found that boys trailed far behind girls. That fact was unique among the 41 countries that participated in the standardized test for that age group designed by the Organization of Economic Cooperatio

15、n and Development. But while Icelands girls were alone in the world in their significant lead in math, their national advantage of 15 points was small compared with the one they had over boys in fishing villages like Sandgerdi, where it was closer to 30.The teachers of Sandgerdis 254 students were o

16、nly mildly surprised by the results. They say the gender gap is a story not of talent but motivation. Boys think of school as sufferings on the way to a future of finding riches at sea; for girls, its their ticket out of town. Margret Ingporsdottir and Hanna Maria Heidarsdottir, both 15, students at

17、 Sandgerdis gleaming schoolwhich has a science laboratory, a computer room and a well-stocked libraryhave no doubt that they are headed for university. “I think I will be a pharmacist,“ says Heidarsdottir. The teens sat in principal Gudjon Kristjanssons office last week, waiting for a ride to the ne

18、arby town of Kevlavik, where they were competing in West Icelands yearly math contest, one of many throughout Iceland in which girls excel.Meanwhile, by the harbor, Gisli Tor Hauksson, 14, already has big plans that dont require spending his afternoons toiling over geometry. “Ill be a fisherman,“ he

19、 says, just like most of his ancestors. His father recently returned home from 60 days at sea off the coast of Norway. “He came back with 1.1 million krona,“ about $18,000, says Hauksson. As for school, he says, “it destroys the brain.“ He intends to quit at 16, the earliest age at which he can do s

20、o legally. “A boy sees his older brother who has been at sea for only two years and has a better car and a bigger house than the headmaster,“ says Kristjansson.But the story of female achievement in Iceland doesnt necessarily have a happy ending. Educators have found that when girls leave their rura

21、l enclaves to attend universities in the nations cities, their science advantage generally shrinks. While 61% of university students are women, they make up only one-third of Icelands science students. By the time they enter the labor market, many are overtaken by men, who become doctors, engineers

22、and computer technicians. Educators say they watch many bright girls suddenly flinch back in the face of real, head-to-head competition with boys. In a math class at a Reykjavk school, Asgeir Gurdmundsson, 17, says that although girls were consistently brighter than boys at school, “they just seem t

23、o leave the technical jobs to us.“ Says Solrun Gensdottir, the director of education at the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture: “We have to find a way to stop girls from dropping out of sciences.“Teachers across the country have begun to experiment with ways to raise boys to the level of gir

24、ls in elementary and secondary education. The high school in Kevlavik tried an experiment in 2002 and 2003, separating 16-to-20-year-olds by gender for two years. That time the boys slipped even further behind. “The boys said the girls were better anyway,“ says Kristjan Asmundsson, who taught the 25

25、 boys. “They didnt even try./（分数：5.00）(1).Which of the following words can best describe Sandgerdi?A. desolate B. poor C. bustling D. thriving（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).According to the passage, the reason why girls do better than boys in math at Sandgerdi is most probably the following EXCEPTA. Boys and

26、girls share different incentives in math learning.B. The girls are more anxious about their future career.C. The boys consider that fishing doesnt necessarily need math.D. The boys spend more time on their part time jobs.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The fifth paragraph suggests that in the field of scienceA

27、. women have advantages over men in competition.B. women tend to be in a less embarrassing level.C. men are playing more important roles.D. men are one third less than women in number.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Girls flinch back in the competition with boys most probably becauseA. they are short of confid

28、ence in themselves.B. employers often prefer boys to take technical jobs.C. they have poorer performance in technical jobs.D. they are willing to leave technical jobs to boys.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Which of the following is the best title for this passage?A. A Village in Iceland B. A Land Where Girls

29、Rule in MathC. Boys Cleverer Than Girls? D. Science Students in Sandgerdi（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.七、TEXT B(总题数：1，分数：4.00)Some heartening statistics were reported last year by the Journal of the National Cancer Institute: the mortality rate for breast cancer dropped nearly five percent between 1989 and 1992,

30、 the Largest decline since 1950. The numbers were even more dramatic for young women: between 1987 and 1992, the mortality rate plummeted nearly 18 percent among white women younger than 40.But discouraging news also surfaced: the mortality rate among black women has gone up, and the number of repor

31、ted breast cancer cases is rising as well. Twenty years ago a womans lifetime risk of breast cancer was one in 12; now its one in eight.Nevertheless, were on the verge of a revolution in treating this disease. Researchers now have a clear picture of how a cancer cell becomes a tumor - and how cells

32、break free from a tumor and glide through the bloodstream to seed a new one in another part of the body. And they better understand how the female hormone estrogen makes breast cancer cells grow. “I think were going to get this disease licked in my lifetime, “says Dr. Susan M. Love, director of the

33、Revlon/ U. C. L. A. Breast Cancer Center in Los Angeles.Until that time, information is a womans most powerful tool. “A cancer diagnosis isnt an emergency.“ Dr. Love says. “A patient should take time to educate herself and find out what the options are. “Most of all, a woman needs to remember that b

34、reast cancer is not death sentence, and that more than half of all women who develop it will live at least 15 years after their diagnosis.Much of todays good news centers on refining old therapies. Heres where we stand in treating breast cancer.Surgery and Radiation. The most dramatic change in brea

35、st cancer treatment in the past 20 years is that mastectomy - removal of the entire breast and often part of the underlying chest muscle - is no longer considered the only safe course. The chances of survival are no greater after a mastectomy that after the less disfiguring lumpectomy - in which jus

36、t the tumor is removed and the breast is left intact-followed by radiation. “There are good reasons to choose mastectomy,“ says Dr. Larry Norton, chief of breast cancer medicine Manhattans Memorial Sloan-kettring Cancer Center. “But if youre a good candidate for lumpectomy, increasing your chances o

37、f a cure isnt one of those reasons.“For about 30 percent of women, mastectomy is the only reasonable choice - for example, a woman with small breasts and a large tumor, or one whose tumor is disseminated throughout the breast. But concerns about which procedure to choose often have more to do with l

38、ife-style and attitudes. A lumpectomy requires radiation following surgery to kill any remaining cancer cells, which can mean outpatient visits five days a week for five to seven weeks. Scheduling could be a problem. Nancy Reagan, for instance, decided to have a mastectomy because radiation treatmen

39、ts would have taken too much time.Many women, however, choose mastectomy out of fear and lack of information. Some patients are terrified of radiation and need to understand what its really all about, says Carol Fred, a clinical social worker at U. C. L. As Rhonda Fleming Mann Resource Center for Wo

40、men with Cancer.After a lumpectomy the machine that administers the treatment aims radioactive particles at the affected breast only. The treatments make most women tired and can sometimes leave the skin feeling sunburned. But the breast is not left radioactive.（分数：4.00）(1).Which statement cannot be

41、 inferred from the passage?A. The mortality rate for breast cancer dropped.B. The mortality rate among black women has increased.C. The number of reported breast cancer cases is rising.D. A womans lifetime risk of breast cancer is rising.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Which statement do the researchers think

42、is wrong?A. They know how a tumor is developed.B. They know how a new tumor is seeded in the body.C. They know how the female hormone estrogen makes breast cancer cells grow.D. They know breast cancer is a death sentence to women.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Which statement does not agree with the text?A. M

43、astectomy is the only reasonable choice for a woman with small breast and a large tumor.B. Life-style and attitudes also play a role in the choice.C. Many women make an improper decision in the treatment out of fear and lack of informa tion.D. Women are more likely to feel tired if they accept maste

44、ctomy.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Which statement is true according to the passage?A. Mastectomy used to be considered the only safe course.B. The chances of survival after a mastectomy are greater than after lumpectomy.C. Mastectomy can decrease the patients chances of a care.D. Most women prefer lumpecto

45、my.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.八、TEXT C(总题数：2，分数：8.00)When Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice stood beside Afghan President Hamid Karzai, she made an enlightened statement about cutting Afghanistan s opium production, saying: “It is a problem that took a while to develop, and it will take time to end the prob

46、lem.“Rices statement in March is the clearest confirmation yet of a gradual turn in U.S. policy since early 2004, when the Bush administration and Congress were calling for an immediate crackdown on Afghanistans biggest cash crop. Her statement shows the United States new patience and acceptance tha

47、t it will take time for a democratic Afghanistan to eliminate opium production.When the United States earlier pushed Karzai to immediately end opium production in his war-tom countrywithout instituting the repressive tactics that historically have led to rapid successthe United States was giving the

48、 Afghan leader a virtually impossible task. Afghanistan could please the United States only by aggressive action that would further impoverish its already poor population and undermine the governments legitimacy.The Taliban announced a ban on growing poppiesthe source of opiumin Afghanistan in July

49、2000, saying this reflected the teachings of the Koran. Already feared by Afghans for its brutality, the Taliban achieved compliance with its poppy ban by tearing up the fields of a few early producers who violated the ban, thereby showing that the government was serious.The result of the Talibans order was a dramatic reduction in Afghan opium production, which