专业八级-916及答案解析.doc

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1、专业八级-916 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、PART LISTENING COM(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、SECTION A(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Leaving HomeGenerally, most people have in their minds a picture of their “ideal home“, but if you are students or people just beginning work, the practical limitations of money and location may prevent

2、 them from finding this ideal home.Several ideas for you to follow:. To stay at home for a while when leaving school:1) many advantages while staying at home;2) depending much on how you (1) your family. (1) _. To stay in your home area by renting a house or a flat:1) cannot inviting your (2) to vis

3、it you freely; (2) _2) would be rather unhappy if not getting on well with your (3) (3) _. To ask (4) on campus for help in finding houses: (4) _1) difficult in some areas because of a (5) student population; (5) _2) many (6) not willing to rent rooms to students. (6) _. To share (7) with some other

4、 students: (7) _1) very cheap rent;2) no old people watching over;3) and the housework shared with room-mates;4) causing problems if having (8) characters. (8) _. To try a bed-sitter one room that you use as a bedroom andsitting room (9) : (9) _1) not very expensive rent;2) easy to keep clean and ch

5、eap and to heat;3) simple to make it feel like a real home;4) may be always (10) if cooking; (10) _5) might be hanging your wet clothes all round the room;6) can be very lonely at first.（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_三、SECTION B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Question

6、s 1 to 5 are based on an interview. （分数：5.00）(1).According to Nick, what is the most dangerous notion in the world?（分数：1.00）A.Predominance.B.Local characteristics and customs.C.Individual identity.D.Potential dividing forces.(2).Which description is not true about Nick Ularu?（分数：1.00）A.He has Romani

7、an origin.B.He is a teacher and a set designer in the same time.C.He had a cultural resonance when he first came to the USA.D.He couldnt understand why Americans invest so much on entertainment industry but not on art.(3).What is Nicks opinions about teaching?（分数：1.00）A.He thinks that teaching doesn

8、t help the artistic side.B.He believes that teaching keeps him energetic.C.Teaching shouldnt be totally isolated from politics.D.Teaching frustrates him so many times.(4).What is Nicks philosophy of teaching?（分数：1.00）A.The students must be the followers of their teacher.B.He should work hard to make

9、 students believe in their own abilities.C.Pleasing students is the most necessary factor.D.Teacher should have a decisive effect on the personalities of students.(5).Which one is Nicks idea about the leader?（分数：1.00）A.Everyone has the access to leadership.B.Leaders create the worst work situation.C

10、.Books can help to improve people ability and make someone a leader.D.The real leaders are born.四、SECTION C(总题数：3，分数：5.00)Questions 9 and 10 are bused on the following news.（分数：2.00）(1).Who gathered in a Rome square Saturday for the Family Day rally?（分数：1.00）A.Married couples.B.Demonstrators.C.Child

11、ren.D.Family associations.(2).According to the news,. Italy would be more _ if it gave rights to unmarried and gay couples,（分数：1.00）A.openB.developedC.democraticD.civilizedQuestions 7 and 8 are based on the following news.（分数：2.00）(1).According to the news, who claimed responsibility for the rocket

12、attack?（分数：1.00）A.A 36-year-old Israeli man.B.Palestinian militants.C.Israels offensive.D.Hamas(2).50 Palestinians or so have been killed in the raids which began _ ago.（分数：1.00）A.12 weeksB.12 daysC.2 weeksD.2 days1.Question 6 is based on the following news.After meeting with Queen Elizabeth , _ cam

13、e to his new official residency, Number 10 Downing Street,（分数：1.00）A.Tony BlairB.the KingC.Gordon BrownD.president of Iraq五、PART READING COMPR(总题数：0，分数：0.00)六、TEXT A(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Researchers investigating brain size and mental ability say their work offers evidence that education protects the mind

14、from the brains physical deterioration.It is known that the brain shrinks as the body ages, but the effects on mental ability are different from person to person. Interestingly, in a study of elderly men and women, those who had more education actually had more brain shrinkage.“That may seem like ba

15、d news,“ said study author Dr. Edward Coffey, a professor of psychiatry and of neurology at Henry Ford Health System in Detroit. However, he explained, the finding suggests that education allows people to withstand more brain-tissue loss before their mental functioning begins to break down.The study

16、, published in the July issue of Neurology, is the first to provide biological evidence to support a concept called the “reserve“ hypothesis, according to the researchers. In recent years, investigators have developed the idea that people who are more educated have greater cognitive reserves to draw

17、 upon as the brain tissue to spare.Examining brain scans of 320 healthy men and women ages 66 to 90, researchers found that for each year of education the subjects had, there was greater shrinkage of the outer layer of the brain known as the cortex. Yet on tests of cognition and memory, all particip

18、ants scored in the range indicating normal.“Everyone has some degree of brain shrinkage,“ Coffey said. “People lose (on average) 2.5 percent per decade starting at adulthood.“There is, however, a “remarkable range“ of shrinkage among people who show no signs no mental decline, Coffey noted. Overall

19、health, he said, accounts for some differences in brain size. Alcohol or drug use, as well as medical conditions such as diabetes and high blood pressure, contribute to brain-tissue loss throughout adulthood.In the absence of such medical conditions, Coffey said, education level helps explain the ra

20、nge of brain shrinkage exhibited among the mentally-fit elderly. The more-educated can withstand greater loss.Coffey and colleagues gauged shrinkage of the cortex by measuring the cerebrospinal fluid surrounding the brain. The greater the amount of fluid, the greater the cortical shrinkage.Controlli

21、ng for the health factors that contribute to brain injury, the researchers found that education was related to the severity of brain shrinkage. For each year of education from first grade on, subjects had an average of 1.77 milliliters more cerebrospinal fluid around the brain.For example, Coffeys t

22、eam reported, among subjects of the same sex and similar age and skull size, those with 16 years of education had 8 percent to 10 percent more cerebrospinal fluid compared with those who had four years of schooling.Of course, achieving a particular education level is not the definitive measure of so

23、meones mental capacity. And, said Coffey, education can be “a proxy. for many things“. More-educated people, he noted, are often less likely to have habits, such as smoking, that harm overall health.But Coffey said that his teams findings suggest that like the body, the brain benefits from exercise.

24、 “The question is whether by continuing to exercise the brain we can forestall the effects of (brain shrinkage),“ he said. “My hunch is that we can.“ According to Coffey, people should strive throughout life to keep their brains alert by exposing themselves to new experiences. Travelling is one way

25、to stimulate the brain, he said; a less adventuresome way is to do crossword puzzles.“A hot topic down the road,“ Coffey said, will be whether education even late in life has a protective effect against mental decline.Just how education might affect brain cells is unknown. In their report, the resea

26、rchers speculated that in people with more education, certain brain structures deeper than the cortex may stay intact to compensate for cortical shrinkage.（分数：5.00）(1).According to this passage, all of the following factors could account for brain shrinkage EXCEPT _.（分数：1.00）A.ageB.educationC.health

27、D.exercise(2).Which of the following statements is true?（分数：1.00）A.The brain of an adult person shrinks 2.5% every 10 years.B.The cerebrospinal fluid of a person with 8 years of education may have increased 17.7 milliliters.C.The cerebrospinal fluid of a person with 16 years of education may increas

28、e by 10%.D.The brain of an aged person shrinks 5% every 10 years.(3).What does Coffey mean, by saying “Education can be a proxy for many things“?（分数：1.00）A.Education decides the capacity of brain.B.Education is not the only elements that affect brain shrinkage.C.A lot of elements that affect health

29、(including brain shrinkage) can be said to be education.D.More education always means less bad habits.(4).According to Coffeys research, the brain may benefit from _.（分数：1.00）A.runningB.playing chessC.swimmingD.playing football(5).From this passage, we can conclude that _.（分数：1.00）A.education is ben

30、eficial to mental developmentB.education protects the brain from shrinkingC.education has a protective effect against mental declineD.education affects overall brain structures七、TEXT B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Children in the UK are not reading enough at home, favouring television and computer games instead, a

31、ccording to new research.The survey conducted earlier this month by Nestl Box Tops for Books, which asked parents about their childrens reading habits, found that half of UK children spend less than two hours reading per week. A further one in 10 had not read a book in the past month, and of those w

32、ho do read regularly, one in four avoid non- fiction titles. More than half of the parents surveyed believed their children should read more non-fiction books.“It is essential that young children read at least one book a week and, in particular, educational books,“ said family counsellor Jenni Trent

33、 Hughes.But others believe such a stern approach to reading may not help children. “We can turn children off it by simply saying its something they must be doing,“ said Amelia Foster, who runs Reading Connects for the National Literacy Trust, an organisation that encourages reading for pleasure to e

34、nhance classroom achievement.Ms Foster said the survey results might not give children enough credit. Previous studies have found that 75% of 11 to 18-year-olds enjoyed reading, and 83% read in their spare time.Past reading surveys have found distinct differences in the reading habits of boys and gi

35、rls. Girls tend to be more enthusiastic about reading in general, but particularly fiction (perhaps helping to explain why Jacqueline Wilson, author of Sleepovers and Bad Girls, is the most borrowed author from public libraries), while boys are drawn to books about a place, subject, or hobby that in

36、terests them.Nicola Davies, author of Poo: A Natural History of the Unmentionable, said while working with underachieving boys she found they responded to non-fiction better than fiction. “You can get them to write poetry but they wont read it,“ she said.Ms Davies would like to see childrens non-fic

37、tion take off in the way adult non-fiction has in recent years, thanks largely to titles like Longitude that employ strong narratives. This may encourage boys to read more, she said.“Theres a lot of really crap non-fiction out there. Its absolute paint by numbers, pile them high, and sell them cheap

38、. But its not really addressing the issue. Non-fiction as it is cutting off a whole route into reading, especially for boys,“ added Ms Davies.But the consequences of these trends may run deeper. Some worry that steering clear of non-fiction may effect the development of a childs imagination, even go

39、ing so far as to impact their future career choices.Nicola Jones credits her choice of studying zoology at university to her childhood Encyclopedia Britannica. “There was this fantastic bit in the back on transparencies of human bodies, and it absolutely fired my imagination about the workings of th

40、e human body. Childrens imagination needs all sorts of fuel. And thats whats going to drive them, give them intrinsic motivation. Its what makes your intellectual cars go.“ For this reason Ms Jones is planning a conference next year that will address how non-fiction can be transformed into something

41、 more children will want to read.（分数：5.00）(1).Which of the following belongs to non-fiction?（分数：1.00）A.Encyclopedia.B.Novel.C.Poetry.D.Short story.(2).Whats the difference between girls and boys in their reading habits?（分数：1.00）A.Girls read extensively while boys focus on books of particular topics.

42、B.Girls have better reading habits than boys.C.Girls are reading for enriching knowledge while boys are reading for fun.D.Girls are more interested in fiction than boys.(3).What does Ms. Davies mean by saying “Non-fiction as it is cutting off a whole route into reading, especially for boys.“?（分数：1.0

43、0）A.Young people, especially boys cant easily get access to good books of non-fiction.B.A lot of good non-fiction books are coming out into the market.C.Such kind of non-fiction are eroding into the reading habits of young people especially boys.D.Non-fiction books have been isolated from our readin

44、g experienc(4).Whats the aim of Nicola Jones by quoting her personal experience in the last paragraph?（分数：1.00）A.She emphasized the importance of imagination for children.B.She wants to prove that reading Encyclopedia is important for children.C.She wants to tell people how to stimulate childrens mo

45、tivation.D.She proves that non-fiction can also fire the imagination of children.(5).Which of the following statements is true according to this passage?（分数：1.00）A.Most of the parents under survey think children should read more non-fiction than fiction.B.National Literacy Trust encourages children

46、to treat. reading as a labor of love.C.The status-quo of books of non-fiction in the market is satisfying.D.Non-fiction contributes more than fiction to the development of childrens intellect.八、TEXT C(总题数：1，分数：5.00)It is not compatible with the egalitarian ideal that there should be sharp difference

47、s in the scale of monetary reward fro services performed. In New Zealand, care of the underdog has long since been a more important consideration than is the case in very many other countries. Successive governments may claim with some justice to have abolished poverty, but this has not been done wi

48、thout there taking place a narrowing of margins between the rewards for skilled and unskilled labor, with its consequent denial of incentive to acquire skill, to strive for self-improvement. The countrys citizens have come to regard social security as their inalienable right, but by taking too readi

49、ly for granted the States obligation towards themselves they re apt to lose sight of the converse proposition that they themselves have obligations to he state.The reluctance to reward skilled labor at rates calculated to provide an incentive for acquiring skill has its counterpart in the reluctance to