专业八级-633及答案解析.doc

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1、专业八级-633 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、PART LISTENING COM(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、SECTION A(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Alan Turing and Computer scienceComputer plays very important role in todays world, which is the result of many researchers efforts. The following is one of them.I. The process:1) Inventor: Turing, an e

2、ccentric young (1) .2) Function:A. Capable of scanning, or reading instructions encoded on a tape of theoretically (2) length.B. responding to the sequential (3) and modifying its mechanical response if so ordered-the output of such a process,Turing demonstrated, could replicate logical human though

3、t.3) The different names of the device:A. The device in this (4) mind-experiment quickly acquired a name: the Turing machine.B. Depending on the tape it scanned, the machine could (5) numbers or play chess or do anything else of a comparable nature.Hence his device acquired a new and even grander na

4、me: the (6) Turing Machine.II. Turings research paper relating to the device1) Turings thoughts were recognized by the few readers capable of understanding them as theoretically interesting, even provocative.2) But no one recognized that Turings machine provided a (7) for what would eventually becom

5、e the electronic (8) computer.III. Comment:1) Everyone who taps at a keyboard, opening a spreadsheet or a word-processing (9) , is working on an incarnation of a Turing machine.2) Turing remains a hero to proponents of (10) intelligence.（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项

6、1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_三、SECTION B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)(1).Who are the speakers?（分数：1.00）A.Salesmen.B.Editors.C.Cooks.D.Advertising agents.(2).What product are they talking about?（分数：1.00）A.Kitchen.B.Deep-freezer.C.Mobility units.D.Cake mixer.(3).What is the relationship between the two speakers?（分数：1.00）A.Empl

7、oyer and employee.B.Salesman and customer.C.Advertiser and customer.D.Colleagues.(4).How is the kitchen different from all other kitchens on the market?（分数：1.00）A.It is easier to clean and repair.B.It is non-fixed and flexible.C.All its units are of the same height.D.Its chopping board is nearer to

8、the sink.(5).What can you infer from the conversation?（分数：1.00）A.Terry knows less about kitchen than Joyce.B.Joyce knows more about kitchen than Joyce.C.Terry knows as much about the kitchen as Joyce.D.Terry knows as much about the kitchen as Joyce.四、SECTION C(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Questions 6 and 7 are bas

9、ed on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following questions.Now listen to the News.（分数：5.00）(1).Whats the reason why U.S. elevates the program according to Rumsfeld?（分数：1.00）A.To make the country more powerful.B.To meet 21st century n

10、ational security needs.C.To recognize the threat from outer space.D.To prevent the hostility of other countries.(2).What can the program benefit the U.S. Defense?（分数：1.00）A.To Help recognize the outer space threat such as lasers, anti-satellite weapons.B.To make space-based weapons.C.To develop sate

11、llites that help the military do everything.D.To help spy enemies.(3).Questions 8 and 9 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following questions.Now listen to the News.Whats the main purpose of the prime minister?（分数：1.00）A.

12、Establish a ship factory.B.Establish a close relationship with other leaders.C.Establish a membership of the Bureau.D.Nothing to do.(4).To show _, the U.S. invites the Koizumi.（分数：1.00）A.their friendshipB.their favorable feelingC.their politenessD.their hospitality(5).Question 10 is based on the fol

13、lowing news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question.Now listen to the News.What do Microsoft expect XP to do?（分数：1.00）A.They expect that XP will attract users to use their new product.B.They expect that XP will enhance American economy.C.They expect that XP

14、will slow down computer sales.D.They expect that XP will replace the old editions.五、PART READING COMPR(总题数：0，分数：0.00)六、TEXT A(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Dr Corell heads a team of some 300 scientists who have spent the past four years investigating the matter in a process known as the Arctic Climate Impact Assess

15、ment (ACIA). The group, drawn from the eight countries with territories inside the Arctic Circle, has just issued a report called “Impacts of a Warming Arctic“, a lengthy summary of the principal scientific findings.Scientists have long suspected that several factors lead to greater temperature swin

16、gs at the poles than elsewhere on the planet. One is albedo (反照率)-the posh scientific name for how much sunlight is reflected by a planets surface, and how much is reflected. Most of the polar regions are covered in snow and ice, which are much more reflective than soil or ocean. If that snow melts,

17、 the exposure of dark earth (which absorbs heat) acts as a feedback loop that accelerates warming. A second factor that makes the poles special is that the atmosphere is thinner there than at the equator, and so less energy is required to warm it up. A third factor is that less solar energy is lost

18、in evaporation at the frigid poles than in the steamy tropics.Arctic warming may influence the global climate in several ways. One is that huge amounts of methane, a particularly potent greenhouse gas, are stored in the permafrost of the tundra. Although a thaw would allow forests to invade the tund

19、ra, which would tend to ameliorate any global warming that is going on (since trees capture carbon dioxide, the greenhouse gas most talked about in the context of climate change), a melting of the permafrost might also lead to a lot of trapped methane being released into the atmosphere, more than of

20、fsetting the cooling effects of the new forests.Another worry is that Arctic warming will influence ocean circulation in ways that are not fully understood. One link in the chain is the salinity of sea water, which is decreasing in the north Atlantic thanks to an increase in glacial meltwaters. Beca

21、use fresh water and salt water have different densities, this “freshening“ of the ocean could change circulation patterns. The most celebrated risk is to the mid-Atlantic Conveyor Belt, a current which brings warm water from the tropics to north-western Europe, and which is responsible for that regi

22、ons unusually mild winters. Some of the ACIAs experts are fretting over evidence of reduced density and salinity in waters near the Arctic that could adversely affect this current.The biggest popular worry, though, is that melting Arctic ice could lead to a dramatic rise in sea level. Here, a few ca

23、veats are needed. For a start, much of the ice in the Arctic is floating in the sea already. Archimedess principle shows that the melting of this ice will make no immediate difference to the seas level, although it would change its albedo. Second, if land ice, such as that covering Greenland, does m

24、elt in large quantities, the process will take centuries. And third, although the experts are indeed worried that global warming might cause the oceans to rise, the main way they believe this will happen is by thermal expansion of the water itself.Nevertheless, there is some cause for nervousness. A

25、s the ACIA researchers document, there are signs that the massive Greenland ice sheet might be melting more rapidly than was thought a few years ago. Cracks in the sheet appear to be allowing melt water to trickle to its base, explains Michael Oppenheimer, a climatologist at Princeton University who

26、 was not one of the reports authors. That water may act as a lubricant, speeding up the sheets movement into the sea. If the entire sheet melted, the sea might rise by 6-7 metres. While acknowledging that disintegration this century is still an unlikely outcome, Dr Oppenheimer argues that the eviden

27、ce of the past few years suggests it is more likely to happen over the next few centuries if the world does not reduce emissions of greenhouse gases. He worries that an accelerating Arctic warming trend may yet push the ice melt beyond an “irreversible on/off switch“.Not everybody wants to hear a st

28、ory like that. But what people truly believe is happening can be seen in their actions better than in their words. One of the reports most confident predictions is that the break-up of Arctic ice will open the region to long-distance shipping and, ironically, to drilling for oil and gas. It is surel

29、y no coincidence, then, that the Danish government, which controls Greenland, has just declared its intention to claim the mineral rights under the North Pole. It, at least, clearly believes that the Arctic ocean may soon be ice-free.（分数：5.00）(1).Which of the following factors may lead to greater te

30、mperature changes at the poles than elsewhere on the planet?（分数：1.00）A.The albedo of the poles will be larger if snow melts.B.the albedo of snow is larger than that of the exposed dark earth if snow melts.C.More energy is needed to warm up the Arctic since the atmosphere there is thinner.D.Less sola

31、r energy is lost in volatilization at the poles than at the equator.(2).Which of the following statements about the mid-Atlantic Conveyor Belt is wrong?（分数：1.00）A.The current brings warm water from the tropics to north-western Europe.B.It is responsible for the mild winters in the Arctic.C.It is cau

32、sed by the freshening of the ocean: the water in the north Atlantic will lose saltiness because of the different densities.D.If the ACIAs experts worry becomes true, climate of the north-western Europe will be influenced.(3).What does the word “caveat“ in line 2, paragraph 5 most probably mean?（分数：1

33、.00）A.A warning.B.A qualification.C.A explanation.D.A formal notice filed by an interested party with a court or officer, requesting the postponement of a proceeding until the filer is heard.(4).What does the author imply in the last paragraph by the sentence “But what people truly believe is happen

34、ing can be seen in their actions better than in their words“?（分数：1.00）A.Not everybody wants to hear a story like that.B.One of the reports most confident predictions is that the break-up of Arctic ice will open the region to long-distance shipping and, ironically, to drilling for oil and gas.C.The D

35、anish government, which controls Greenland, has just declared its intention to claim the mineral rights under the North Pole.D.None of the above.(5).The passage can best be found in _.（分数：1.00）A.an encyclopediaB.science fictionC.a magazineD.a dissertation七、TEXT B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)The romantic archetype

36、 of the poor, isolated writer living abroad was perhaps best immortalized by Ernest Hemingway in “A Moveable Feast,“ his memoir of life in Paris as a young writer in the 1920s. Yet little remains of the kind of life he described, while electronic communications, cheap travel and modern economics hav

37、e virtually wiped out much of the expatriate writer ethos.Paradoxically, those same developments have made life more practical for the many writers who still seek distant shores to escape the conventions and restrictions of their home countries. Nevertheless, its not quite what it used to be, as a f

38、ew expatriate writers attest.Just this week, Norman Spinrad, an American science fiction writer who has lived in Paris for 15 years, suddenly had to repatriate to New York after his landlord decided to sell his Latin Quarter apartment. Tm being squeezed out of France,“ said Spinrad. “Because Im a wr

39、iter I dont have a regular job. So in order to get an apartment they demand a years deposit to be tied up 20 grand or so and I am not rich enough to be able to lose 20 grand and then be able to continue to pay the rent. “Even if youve got the money, theyd rather rent it to somebody with a salary,“ a

40、dded Spinrad, 63. “The paradox is that the French encourage creative artists on every other level, and Ive been treated very well.“ Spinrad first came to France to write a novel set in Paris, but ended up staying because he liked the lifestyle. He said he intends to return if he can.Jerome Charyn, a

41、nother American writer from New York who lives in Paris, says he loves the “softness“ of European culture. “I feel theres a kind of brutality in America,“ he said. “Its part of its virtues because as a creator you probably need that brutality. But as someone whos just sort of bouncing around day-to-

42、day, you dont need it.“ Like many of todays nomadic writers, Charyn maintains a home in his native country to fuel his fiction. “I feel like Jekyll and Hyde, Im constantly split,“ he says. He teaches film at the American University of Paris and said that having a regular job helps the writer abroad

43、in more ways than fighting bureaucracy. “It sort of puts you into the system, makes it easier for you to exist within the culture,“ he said. “Youre no longer that isolated because youre seeing students, youre seeing other faculty members, you have a very different kind of context.“Writers abroad say

44、 they do not feel cut off from what is happening in the United States. “I feel I know more about whats going on in the States being here than being there,“ Spinrad said, “because the news there is just pitiful and pressured by the government, if not controlled.“ Cable television in France, he said,

45、gives him both American news programs and international stations. Indeed, Herbert Lottman, a publishing business expert, long-time Paris resident and the author of books about Man Ray and Albert Camus, said that technology has made it almost impossible for writers to isolate themselves. “The world h

46、as changed and the medium has changed so there is no longer an expatriate hidden in a hole in a garret in Paris,“ he said. “Everything he thinks and says is e-mailed immediately to everybody he knows in the United States.“If Paris is inadvertently discouraging impoverished writers, Ireland encourage

47、s them by exempting writers from income taxes. Anne McCaffrey, a fantasy and science fiction writer, has lived in Ireland for more than 30 years, although she said she moved there partly to get away from an increasingly violent America when her children were young. She said that Ireland was also con

48、ducive to writers because “the Irish leave you to get on with your own business“.（分数：5.00）(1).Norman Spinrad ended up repatriating to New York because _.（分数：1.00）A.he couldnt afford the high rent in ParisB.he wasnt sure if he could afford the rent if he has to put 20,000 dollars in a bankC.he had be

49、en treated very well in FranceD.he liked the lifestyle in Paris(2).Charyn says “I feel like Jekyll and Hyde, Im constantly split,“ (in paragraph 4) because _,（分数：1.00）A.he cannot bear the brutality in the United StatesB.he has to experience two different cultures: the “softness“ of European culture and the “brutality“ in AmericaC.he has to work regularly in France