专业八级-434及答案解析.doc

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1、专业八级-434 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、PROOFREADDING & ERRO(总题数：5，分数：100.00)For the last fifteen or twenty years the fashion in criticism or appreciation or the arts have been to deny the existence of any valid 1 criteria and to make the words “good“ or “bad“ irrelevant, immaterial, and inapplicable.

2、 There is no such thing, we are told, like a set of standards 2 first acquired through experience and knowledge and late imposed on 3 the subject under discussion. This has been a popular approach, for it relieves the critic of the responsibility of judgment and the public by the necessity of knowle

3、dge. It pleases those resentful of disciplines, 4 it flatters the empty-minded by calling him open-minded, it comforts 5 the confused. Under the banner of democracy and the kind of quality which our forefathers did not mean, it says, in effect, “Who are you to tell us what is good or bad?“ This is s

4、ame cry used so long and so 6 effectively by the producers of mass media who insist that it is the public, not they, who decide what it wants to hear and to see, and that for a critic 7 to say that this program is bad and that program is good is pure a 8 reflection of personal taste. Nobody recently

5、 has expressed thisphilosophy most succinctly than Dr. Frank Stanton, the highly intelligent president of 9 CBS television. At a hearing before the Federal CommunicationsCommission, this phrase escaped from him under questioning: “One man“s mediocrity 10 is another man“s good program“.（分数：20.00）Arti

6、sts use caricature to distort the human face or figure for comic affect, while at the same time capturing an identifiable likeness and 11 suggests the essence of the personality or character beneath the surface. 12 The humor lies in the fact the caricature is recognizable, and yet 13 exaggerated. Fr

7、om their origin in Europe as witty sketches, caricature grew 14 through the eighteenth and nineteenth century, becoming enormously 15 popular in the United States early in this century. In 1920s and 1930s especially, this lively form of illustration was appeared in newspapers and 16 magazines throug

8、hout the country. The caricaturists in this era drew his 17 portraits of important figures primary to entertain. In spirit their work was 18 close to the humor of the fast-developing comic strip and gag cartoon 19 than to the string of political satire. Their subjects were more often amusing than of

9、fended by their amiable attacks. 20 （分数：20.00）“Home, sweet home“ is a phrase that expresses an essential attitude in the United States. Whether the reality of life in the family house is sweet or no sweet, the cherished ideal of home 21 has great importance for many people. This ideal is a vital par

10、t of the American dream. This dream, dramatized in the history of nineteenth century European settlers of the American West, was to find a piece of place, build a house 22 for one“s family, and started a farm. These small households were 23 portraits of independence: the entire family-mother, father

11、, children, even grandparentslive in a small house and working together to 24 support each other. Anyone understood the life-and-death importance 25 of family cooperation and hard work. Although most people in the United States no longer live on farms, but the ideal of home ownership 26 is just as s

12、trong in the twentieth century as it was in the nineteenth. When U.S. soldiers came home before World War , for example, 27 they dreamed of buying houses and starting families. But there was 28 a tremendous boom in home building. The new houses, typically in the suburbs, were often small and more or

13、 less identical, but it satisfied 29 a deep need. Many regarded the single-family house the basis of their 30 way of life.（分数：20.00）There are robots all along, making our lives easier. Some of 31 them, like the pocket calculator, can work much more quickly as 32 human beings can. And they rarely mak

14、e mistakes. In some ways robots are better than people. They work quickly, but not to make mistakes. They do not get boring doing the same job 33 over and over again. And they never get tired. So are robots very useful in factories. They can be taught to do 34 many different jobs. First their electr

15、onic brains must show how the 35 job is done. A person moves the robot“s “arms“ and “hand“ through each part of the job. The robot“s brain remembers each move. When the robot is put to work on its itself, its brain controls the rods, wheels 36 and motors which move its arm. When the robot needed for

16、 a new job, its electronic memory is 37 “wiped clean“. Then it is taught how to do its new task. If the robot“s hand stops to work, or if something gets in the 38 way, it cannot do the next part of the job. So it starts and signals 39 for help. Then a human engineer attends to the fault. Robots are

17、also used for doing jobs which are dangerous. They can move objects which are too hot or too heavy to people to handle. 40 They can work in places which are too hot or too cold.（分数：20.00）Universities are no longer relatively empty in summer. As the students move out, holiday-makers move, even to the

18、 most 41 unlikely campuses. That started in a small way a few years ago 42 with student residences being used as cheap bed-and-breakfast places for touring groups, often old or foreign, is now turning to 43 a money-spinner as more universities begin to enter the package holiday business. Three years

19、 before most universities had to find 44 ways of generating the more income after government spending cuts 45 in the university sector. Universities with suitable accommodation are leting it as a self-catering base for a touring holiday or, in the 46 more ambitious schemes such as those in Aberdeen

20、and Kent, building a package of visits around it. The bargain-hunting public are responding well with budget-priced accommodation with 47 superb sports and social facilities. Price range from the modest to 48 the ridiculously cheap. Manchester University, for instance, offers a week accommodation in

21、 a self-catering flat for $23 a head, half 49 the price of one night“s bed and breakfast in a first-class city center hotel. There are possible inconveniences in these universities, e. g., for couples it is the disadvantage of single beds in separate rooms. 50 But the welcome is warm and genuine, ev

22、erything is absolutely clean, and facilities such as a laundry, bars and parking are all available.（分数：20.00）专业八级-434 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、PROOFREADDING & ERRO(总题数：5，分数：100.00)For the last fifteen or twenty years the fashion in criticism or appreciation or the arts have been to deny the exist

23、ence of any valid 1 criteria and to make the words “good“ or “bad“ irrelevant, immaterial, and inapplicable. There is no such thing, we are told, like a set of standards 2 first acquired through experience and knowledge and late imposed on 3 the subject under discussion. This has been a popular appr

24、oach, for it relieves the critic of the responsibility of judgment and the public by the necessity of knowledge. It pleases those resentful of disciplines, 4 it flatters the empty-minded by calling him open-minded, it comforts 5 the confused. Under the banner of democracy and the kind of quality whi

25、ch our forefathers did not mean, it says, in effect, “Who are you to tell us what is good or bad?“ This is same cry used so long and so 6 effectively by the producers of mass media who insist that it is the public, not they, who decide what it wants to hear and to see, and that for a critic 7 to say

26、 that this program is bad and that program is good is pure a 8 reflection of personal taste. Nobody recently has expressed thisphilosophy most succinctly than Dr. Frank Stanton, the highly intelligent president of 9 CBS television. At a hearing before the Federal CommunicationsCommission, this phras

27、e escaped from him under questioning: “One man“s mediocrity 10 is another man“s good program“.（分数：20.00）解析：havehas解析 该句的主语 the fashion是单数，所以谓语动词 have也应相应的变为单数has。解析：likeas解析 such as 为固定搭配，没有 such like这一说法。解析：latelater解析 这里 later和上文 first对应。later 后来，稍后。解析：byof/from解析 relieve sb. of/from sth. 意为“减轻(负担

28、)”，为固定搭配。解析：himthem解析 先行词是 the empty-minded，the 加形容词表示一类人，是复数概念，所以宾语应该改为复数 them。解析：issamethe解析 the same 表示“相同的，同一的”，因此 same前必须加定冠词。解析：decidedecides解析 从后面的 it可以看出该句的主语 the public表示的是单数概念，所以decide应相应的变为 decides。解析：purepurely解析 purely 在此句中作状语，修饰谓语动词，因此应使用副词形式。解析：mostmore解析 more than 为固定搭配。解析：from from

29、解析 escape 此处意为“不知不觉地被说出来”，是及物动词，不需要再添加介词。意为“逃跑”时，为不及物动词。Artists use caricature to distort the human face or figure for comic affect, while at the same time capturing an identifiable likeness and 11 suggests the essence of the personality or character beneath the surface. 12 The humor lies in the fac

30、t the caricature is recognizable, and yet 13 exaggerated. From their origin in Europe as witty sketches, caricature grew 14 through the eighteenth and nineteenth century, becoming enormously 15 popular in the United States early in this century. In 1920s and 1930s especially, this lively form of ill

31、ustration was appeared in newspapers and 16 magazines throughout the country. The caricaturists in this era drew his 17 portraits of important figures primary to entertain. In spirit their work was 18 close to the humor of the fast-developing comic strip and gag cartoon 19 than to the string of poli

32、tical satire. Their subjects were more often amusing than offended by their amiable attacks. 20 （分数：20.00）解析：affecteffect解析 该题考查相近词辨析。affect 作“影响”讲是动词，这里需要一个名词，所以 affect改为 effect。解析：suggestssuggesting解析 该句为 while引导的从句，句中 suggest与 capturing并列，形式相同，所以要改为 suggesting。解析：factthethat解析 fact 后为同位语从句，引导同位语从

33、句的关系词不可省略，所以 fact后要添加 that。解析：theirits解析 这里需要指代 caricature这个单数名词，所以要改为单数形式 its。解析：centurycenturies解析 原文为 the eighteenth and nineteenth century，表示的是十八、十九两个世纪，所以 century应该为复数形式 centries。解析：was was 解析 appear 是不及物动词，不用于被动语态。解析：histheir解析 这里指代的是复数名词 the caricaturists，应用复数 their。解析：primaryprimarily解析 在这里

34、primarily作状语，修饰不定式短语要用副词，所以 primary改为 primarily。解析：closecloser解析 从后面的 than可以看出这里是比较状语从句，所以 close应改为其比较级形式。解析：amusingamused解析 主语 subject和 amuse是逻辑动宾关系，amuse 应使用过去分词形式amused。“Home, sweet home“ is a phrase that expresses an essential attitude in the United States. Whether the reality of life in the fam

35、ily house is sweet or no sweet, the cherished ideal of home 21 has great importance for many people. This ideal is a vital part of the American dream. This dream, dramatized in the history of nineteenth century European settlers of the American West, was to find a piece of place, build a house 22 fo

36、r one“s family, and started a farm. These small households were 23 portraits of independence: the entire family-mother, father, children, even grandparentslive in a small house and working together to 24 support each other. Anyone understood the life-and-death importance 25 of family cooperation and

37、 hard work. Although most people in the United States no longer live on farms, but the ideal of home ownership 26 is just as strong in the twentieth century as it was in the nineteenth. When U.S. soldiers came home before World War , for example, 27 they dreamed of buying houses and starting familie

38、s. But there was 28 a tremendous boom in home building. The new houses, typically in the suburbs, were often small and more or less identical, but it satisfied 29 a deep need. Many regarded the single-family house the basis of their 30 way of life.（分数：20.00）解析：nonot解析 whether.or not 为固定句型。解析：placela

39、nd解析 place 作“地方”讲，是可数名词。而 land“土地，田地”是不可数名词。a piece of后面接不可数名词，所以要改为不可数名词 land。解析：startedstart解析 find，build 和 start为平行结构，均为不定式，所以 start也应为不定式形式。解析：workingwork解析 work 应用一般现在时，和 live形式一致，family 在这里作“家人”讲，为复数，所以 working要改为 work。解析：anyoneeveryone解析 everyone 表示“每个人”，anyone 意为“任何人”，根据句意可知该处表示的是每一个人，而不是 an

40、yone表泛指，所以要改为 everyone。解析：but but 解析 although 和 but不能同时出现在同一个转折复合句中。解析：beforeafter解析 应该是战争结束，士兵才能回家。所以这里要表达的是二战“以后”，应将before改为 after。解析：ButAnd解析 根据语意，士兵们梦想着买房，然后出现了建房热潮。这里要表达的是递进关系，而不是转折关系。解析：itthey解析 这里的代词指代的是复数名词 houses，因此应该用复数。解析：housetheas解析 regard.as 是固定搭配，意为“把当作”。There are robots all along, ma

41、king our lives easier. Some of 31 them, like the pocket calculator, can work much more quickly as 32 human beings can. And they rarely make mistakes. In some ways robots are better than people. They work quickly, but not to make mistakes. They do not get boring doing the same job 33 over and over ag

42、ain. And they never get tired. So are robots very useful in factories. They can be taught to do 34 many different jobs. First their electronic brains must show how the 35 job is done. A person moves the robot“s “arms“ and “hand“ through each part of the job. The robot“s brain remembers each move. Wh

43、en the robot is put to work on its itself, its brain controls the rods, wheels 36 and motors which move its arm. When the robot needed for a new job, its electronic memory is 37 “wiped clean“. Then it is taught how to do its new task. If the robot“s hand stops to work, or if something gets in the 38

44、 way, it cannot do the next part of the job. So it starts and signals 39 for help. Then a human engineer attends to the fault. Robots are also used for doing jobs which are dangerous. They can move objects which are too hot or too heavy to people to handle. 40 They can work in places which are too h

45、ot or too cold.（分数：20.00）解析：alongaround解析 all around 到处，随处。along 表示“顺着，沿着”，all along 表示“自始至终，一直”。所以只有 all around符合句意。解析：asthan解析 根据上面的 more可知这里要使用连词 than引导出比较对象，而不是 as。解析：boringbored解析 boring(某物)令人厌倦的，使人讨厌的。bored(某人)感到厌倦的。boring用来形容物，而 bored用来形容人。该句的主语为人，所以要用 bored。解析：are robotsrobots are解析 so 此处作连词

46、，意为“因此，所以”，引导目的或结果状语从句，句子不用倒装。如果表示“也如此”时，就要用倒装结构。解析：showbe shown解析 句中 their electronic brains和 show是逻辑动宾关系，因此要用被动语态。解析：itselfown解析 on one“s own“自己，独自”，是固定搭配。或者也可以用 by oneself表示。所以此处应将 itself改为 own。解析：robotneededis解析 need 和主语 the robot是逻辑动宾关系，因此 need要使用被动语态。解析：to workworking解析 stop doing sth. 停止做某事。s

47、top to do sth. 停下来以便做某事。根据句意为机器人停止正在做的事情，所以要用 working。解析：startsstops解析 上文讲机器人无法做接下来的工作，所以会停下来，发送求救信号。这里要表达“停下来”的意思，而不是“开始，着手”。解析：第一个 tofor解析 adj+for sb. to do sth. 为固定用法。Universities are no longer relatively empty in summer. As the students move out, holiday-makers move, even to the most 41 unlikely

48、 campuses. That started in a small way a few years ago 42 with student residences being used as cheap bed-and-breakfast places for touring groups, often old or foreign, is now turning to 43 a money-spinner as more universities begin to enter the package holiday business. Three years before most univ

49、ersities had to find 44 ways of generating the more income after government spending cuts 45 in the university sector. Universities with suitable accommodation are leting it as a self-catering base for a touring holiday or, in the 46 more ambitious schemes such as those in Aberdeen and Kent, building a package of visits around it. The bargain-hunting public are responding well with budget-priced accommodation with 47 superb sports and social facilities. Price