专业八级-407及答案解析.doc

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1、专业八级-407 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、PART LISTENING COM(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、SECTION A(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Complete the gap-filling task. Some of the gaps below may require a maximum of THREE words. Make sure the word (s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically semantically acceptable. You may refer to our n

2、otes.Steps to Overcome That FearThere are several steps of tricks to use to overcome the fear of making a mistake or looking foolish when you speak to a group:. Be well prepared leave nothing to (1) When you are well prepared, chances of failure are greatly reduced. your material Do not (2) exactly

3、what you plan to say, but have a good outline of facts and information that you can talk about. knowledge of audience This will give you an idea of the subject.matter and (3) of your speech. conditions If possible, go up to the lectern to check things over and get a feel for things and check out the

4、 microphone if needed,. PracticePractice is extremely important. The more you give a talk, the more (4) it becomes. practice alone This is good to get the material more (5) in your memory. use a mirror You must (6) more. You can get an idea of how you look when speaking. It allows you to practice (7

5、) with the audience. stand in the corner record your practice This forces you to avoid (8) to try to remember things. It allows you to play the speech back to study how you sound, your phrasing, and the content of the material. use a friendly audience It is getting closer to the “real world“ of spea

6、king to a group. Have a backup outlines You can refer to them in case you have a (9) lapse. reduce anxiety You may never even use the cards, but they can greatly reduce your anxiety. Reduce (10) of your audience visualize them as not that important. take three breaths to settle you down. count to 10

7、 before you start speaking.（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_三、SECTION B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the

8、interview.（分数：5.00）(1).How long has Mrs Miller been an HR officer?（分数：1.00）A.5 years.B.7 years.C.8 years.D.9 years.(2).According to Mrs Miller, which of the following is NOT a good starter?（分数：1.00）A.Ask about the duties of the job.B.Ask about the prospects of the company.C.Ask about holidays and pa

9、yment.D.Present the candidates qualifications.(3).Before going to the interview, you should review the following EXCEPT _.（分数：1.00）A.the original advertisement that you answerB.the correspondence from your prospective employerC.photocopies of your letter of applicationD.brief personal information of

10、 the prospective employer(4).Which of the following dress is proper at an interview, according to Mrs Miller?（分数：1.00）A.A low-cut dress with miniskirt.B.A casual T-shirt and worn-out jeans.C.A punk-style haircut with baggy trousers.D.A plain and dull gray suit.(5).Which of the following posture is N

11、OT appropriate according to Mrs Miller?（分数：1.00）A.Shake hands firmly.B.Rest elbows on the interview table.C.Speak politely and naturally.D.Put briefcase on the floor beside the chair.四、SECTION C(总题数：2，分数：5.00)Questions 6 to 8 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be

12、given 10 seconds to answer each question. Now listen to the news.（分数：3.00）(1).The people are arrested because _.（分数：1.00）A.they tried to smuggle surface-to-air missile into the USB.they are involved with a terrorist attackC.they are linked to al-Qaida terrorismD.the weapons they tried to ship are fo

13、r terrorist purpose(2).How many people were arrested?（分数：1.00）A.Two.B.Three.C.Four.D.Fiv(3).What was the role the Afghan men were allegedly playing?（分数：1.00）A.Seeking possible buyers of the weapon.B.Arms dealers.C.The potential buyers of the weapons.D.Implicated in the transfer of money in the salQu

14、estion 9 and 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer each question. Now listen to the news.（分数：2.00）(1).Before entering the Florida Key West, Hurricane Dennis has caused damage in _.（分数：1.00）A.MexicoB.HaitiC.CubaD.Columbia(2).Acc0rding

15、to the forecast, Hurricane Dennis will get stronger as it passes through _.（分数：1.00）A.FloridaB.CubaC.LouisianaD.the Gulf of Mexico五、PART READING COMPR(总题数：0，分数：0.00)六、TEXT A(总题数：1，分数：5.00)The toughest patches on Chicagos South side offer few havens for children. Outside are flying bullets and police

16、 sirens; inside are poor teenage mothers and (occasionally) fathers. Yet here, in the shadow of a condemned public-housing block, a cluster of pastel-colored buildings contains what many experts see as a model for early childhood education in America. The Educate Centre, run by a non-profit group ca

17、lled the Ounce of Prevention Fund, offers an unusual mixture of care and education to 153 black children, from six weeks to five years old, who have little other stability in their lives.The benefits of early education are well known. It helps to determine how long children stay in high school, whet

18、her they turn to crime, and how quickly they will find a job. A study by the National Institute for Early Education Research says that every dollar invested in good, full-day, year-round pre-school education (which is rare) yields a $ 4 return in the long run to children, their families and taxpayer

19、s. “Theres a huge cost-benefit advantage just in decreased jail time,“ says James Heckman, an economist at the University of Chicago.With state budget so tight, pre-school programmes are suddenly vulnerable. New York state, for one, is threatening to cut universal pre-school education, and programme

20、s are threatened in Tennessee and Massachusetts, among others. Ten states cut pre-school funding in 2002. A few states hope to make progress, though: the governor of Illinois wants to set up a programme for poor children deemed at risk. He hopes it will grow, over three years, to cover 25,000 childr

21、en at a cost of $ 90, though a huge state budget deficit may squash his plans.Congress is now considering reauthorization of the Head Start programme, which provides educational, nutritional, medical and social services to the poor three and four year olds, and their families. The Bush administratio

22、n is proposing changesimprovements, it saysthat will shift accountability for Head Start to the states, where the money is spent. But the public-funded pre- kindergarten programmes now available in 40-odd states vary greatly in quality and in the numbers they serve. Some early-schooling advocates wo

23、rry, therefore, that a shift of Head Start to the grates will undermine national standards.They also fear that cash-strapped states will cut back other pre-school programmes further if they gain control over Head Start, or that money will no longer he earmarked for extra food and health checks. “If

24、kids are hungry or cant see, theyre never going to learn,“ says Harriet Meyer, the president of the Ounce of Prevention Fund. The future of Early Head Start, which serves children from birth to three, is equally uncertain.Head Start currently provides about $7,000 for each child, and Early Head Star

25、t provides $8,000-10,000. The Educare Centre spends an average of $13,000 for each child by combining Head Start and Early Head Start cash with state money for other programmes. Compared with the hodgepodge of pre-school activities that millions of American parents cobble together, the Educare Centr

26、e is admirably integrated. By pooling money from different sources, it can hire plenty of educated teachers and pay them well; it takes children for a full day, all year round; providing a safe and cheerful place in which to play and learnWhy are there not more such places? The reasons include turf

27、squabbles and jealousy among other child-care groups, unwillingness to believe that existing programmes need improving, bureaucratic hassles over families eligibility for funding, and lack of money. Researeh also shows that many Americans think pre-school children should be at home with their mother

28、s. But that is a vanished age. Nowadays, when 73% of American mothers work, including 61% who have children under three, efficient and affordable child care is essential for employee-productivity as well as for the good of the children themselves.Adele Simmons, of Metropolis 2020 in Chicago, says it

29、 is time to invest in children as part of the nations social infrastructure. “The increase in funding for roads and bridges has been far greater than the increase in funding for kids,“ she says. “Kids who enter school not ready to learn never catch up. /（分数：5.00）(1).According to James Heckman, inves

30、ting in pre-school education is worthwhile as _.（分数：1.00）A.children who receive good early education have less chance to become criminals than those who dontB.poor parents are less, likely to commit crime if they dont have to worry about their children s education fundingC.prisoners will spend less

31、time in jailD.the money which will otherwise be invested in jail will not benefit the economic development(2).Which about the Head Start programme is true?（分数：1.00）A.It is designed only for poor children.B.It is only concerned about young childrens education.C.The federal government is responsible f

32、or it.D.It is in the charge of Congress.(3).What is likely to happen if Head Start programme is shifted to the states?（分数：1.00）A.The quality of the programme will be generally improved.B.More similar programmes might be cancelled.C.The state will cut the funding of this programme.D.The states will p

33、lace emphasis on nutritional and medical services.(4).It can be inferred from the passage that _.（分数：1.00）A.all the states are diminishing their budget on pre-school programmesB.early education is considered a waste of money by taxpayersC.the government tends to attach more importance to infrastruct

34、ure than to early educationD.mothers care is more important to a child than early schooling(5).What is the authors main purpose of writing this article?（分数：1.00）A.To illustrate the benefits of pre-school education.B.To introduce pre-school programmes in America.C.To criticize the state government wh

35、o cut the funding for early education.D.To call for the governments attention to pre-school education.七、TEXT B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Judging from tales about the rise and fall of empires, there is always a point when things are going so well that the emperors doubt that anything could ever go wrong. “Thrift

36、,“ warned Neros adviser Seneca, “comes too late when you find it at the bottom of your purse. “ In the Old World, nations grew fat and then lazy, until they collapsed under their own weight. But that was not to be our story. American greatnessthe vision of the founders, the courage of the pioneers,

37、the industry of the nation buildersreflected a mighty faith in the power of sacrifice as a muscle that made young nations strong. Banks were like gyms for the soul: the first savings banks in Boston and New York were organized as charities, where “humble journeymen“ could exercise good judgment, sto

38、re their money and not be tempted to waste it on drink. Architect Louis Sullivan carved the word THRIFT over the door of his “jewel box“ bank nearly a century ago, for it was private virtue that made public prosperity possible.That virtue died with the baby boom, but it had been ailing ever since th

39、e Depression, argues cultural historian David Tucker in the Decline of Thrift in America. That crisis, he writes, invited economists to recast thrift as “the contemptible vice which threw sand in the gears of our consumer economy“. A White House report in 1931 urged parents to let children pick out

40、their own clothes, and furniture, thereby creating in the child “a sense of personal as well as family pride in ownership, and eventually teaching him that his personality can be expressed through things“.Somewhere along the way, thrift did not just stop being a value; it became a folly. Saving was

41、for suckers; youd miss the ride, die leaving money on the table when you could have lived it up. There are no pockets in a shroud, as the saying goes. We once saved about 15% of our income. By the roaring 80s the rate was 4% now were in negative numbers. Bob Hope liked to joke that “a bank is a plac

42、e that will lend you money if you can prove that you dont need it“. But that too changed as easy credit bloomed and usury became another of those vices that had somehow lost its juice. The average American has nine credit cards with a total $17,000 balance. We borrow against our houses and pensions

43、to live in a way that dares us to actually grow old. “Never invest in any idea you cant illustrate with a crayon. “ Fidelity mastermind Peter Lynch advised, but we embraced all kinds of investments about which we understand nothing except the hollow. Promise that they would never fail. When the econ

44、omy began to swoon we kept spending, effectively sending ourselves rebate checks from accounts already way overdrawn, as if it would make us feel better to buy a new TV and charge it to our kids.George W. Bush has never been reluctant to frame policy debates in moral terms, targeting an “axis of evi

45、l“, casting tax cuts as the removal of unfair burdens on hardworking people, calling tariff reduction a moral imperative. But thrift is one virtue he never invokes, and a restoration of restraint is a strain of conservatism he seldom promotes. In fact, it was after the most tragic day in modem US hi

46、story, when Bush urged people who wanted to help to go shopping, that profligacy officially replaced prudence as a patriotic duty.Theres no way to tell during this current distress whether we re repenting or just retrenching. Thrift store sales are up. Cars are shrinking. P. Diddy retired his privat

47、e jet to save on gas. In hard times, people often rediscover the peace that prudence brings, when you try to spend a little less than you have because tomorrow might be worse. But that feels almost un-American; were optimists by nature, and weve been living large for so long that solvency feels like

48、 a sacrifice. It will take some sustained character education and leadership to understand that morning in America is more likely to come again if we prepare for midnight.（分数：5.00）(1).What contributed to the booming of America in its early days according to the author?（分数：1.00）A.Frugality.B.Banking.

49、C.Courage.D.Charity.(2).Thrift had been declining in America since the Depression, because _.（分数：1.00）A.America saw a baby boomB.the country had been stronger and more prosperousC.economists believed it could obstruct economic developmentD.banks encouraged people to spend(3).According to the passage, which of the following st