专业八级-336及答案解析.doc

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1、专业八级-336 及答案解析(总分：99.01，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPART LISTENIN(总题数：1，分数：10.00)BSECTION A/BIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening,take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task a

2、fter the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE.Use the blank sheet for note-taking.Complete the gap-filling task. Some of the gaps below may require a maximum of THREE wo

3、rds. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may refer to your notes. Borrowing Books 1. To make sure that the book is U(1) /U. 2. To find out where the book isconsult the catalogues cards arranged in alphabetical order: 1) in the centerthe auth

4、ors name (U (2) /U comes first) 2) the top left hand cornerthe books number the class number (U (3) /U areas) the author number (exact book shelf) 3) the lower middle partthe title of the book, the edition 4) the bottomthe collation details (U (4) /U and maps) 3. U(5) /U the borrowing slip. . Consul

5、ting Reference Materials Three types of materials: 1. reference books e.g. dictionaries bibliographieslisting all the U(6) /U on a particular subject encyclopediasan/a U(7) /U of a topic (clear, brief, authoritative) 2. valuable books e.g. old edition, a single copy, out-of print books 3. profession

6、al U(8) /U or periodicals . General Study Three reasons: 1. U(9) /U working environment (spacious, well-lit, heated, free of charge) 2. access to reference books and possibility of discussing with other students 3. a chance to make U(10) /U with others（分数：10.00）(1).（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项

7、1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_二、BSECTION B/B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your answer sheet.Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the e

8、nd of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.（分数：5.00）(1).Which of the following statements is INCORRECT about Armstrongs STAR?（分数：1.00）A.A stands for actions.B.T stands for titles.C.S stands for situations.D.R stands for results.(2).Armstrong sugge

9、sts all the following preparations EXCEPT（分数：1.00）A.looking at the mirror.B.practising simulated interviews.C.practising answering questions.D.finding some of your strong points.(3).What shall an interviewee do after the interview according to Armstrong?（分数：1.00）A.Wait for the recruiters notice.B.Re

10、visit the recruiter for the result.C.Send a letter of thanks.D.Give the interviewer a call to confirm their resolution.(4).Interviewers nowadays are asking questions that are going to（分数：1.00）A.get at more specific things.B.get at more general things.C.get at more personal things.D.get at more publi

11、c things.(5).When asking you to give a specific example of a time when a co-worker criticized your work, the interviewers（分数：1.00）A.want to know about your temper.B.focus on your assertiveness.C.care about your teamwork skills.D.doubt about your honesty.三、BSECTION C/B(总题数：2，分数：4.00)In this section y

12、ou will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your answer sheet.Questions 6 and 7 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the two question

13、s.（分数：2.00）(1).Which of the following statements about the case is CORRECT?（分数：1.00）A.Tommy Suharto was sentenced to 18 years in prison for the murder of a judge.B.Prosecutors have decided against demanding a harsher sentence.C.The verdict will be handed down in a weeks time.D.Some legal experts dou

14、bt about Tommy Suhartos honesty.(2).In 2000, Tommy Suharto was convicted for（分数：1.00）A.murder.B.dishonesty.C.corruption.D.bribery.Questions 8 and 9 are based on the following news. （分数：2.01）(1).Who are NOT mentioned as people more likely to he exposed to lead?（分数：0.67）A.Automobile mechanics.B.Painte

15、rs.C.Waiters.D.Heavy equipment mechanics.(2).Wijngaarden will further focus his research on whether（分数：0.67）A.there is a definite relationship between high levels of lead and death.B.the patients with brain tumors have higher levels of lead in their bones.C.some workers have higher risks of developi

16、ng brain cancers than others.D.higher levels of lead have a long-term effect on children over a lifetime._四、BPART READING (总题数：7，分数：20.00)In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark your answers on your answer s

17、heet. BTEXT A/BBack in 2000, inspired by a desire to help those in need, Megan and Dennis Doyle of Minneapolis decided they wanted to do more than just volunteer or write a check. Instead, they took $30,000 of their own money and started a nonprofit called Hope for the City. The organization collect

18、s corporate overstock and distributes it to nonprofits in the Twin Cities, nationwide, and internationally to 26 developing countries. Today the nonprofit has a $900, 000 operating budget and a 25,000 sq.ft. warehouse to store the donated items and has distributed nearly $380 million of in-kind merc

19、handise since its inception. “This makes us feel like were a part of something a lot bigger than just the two of us,“ says Dennis, 54, who is CEO of a local commercial real estate firm. The Doyles are not alone in their desire to give back. There are more than 1 million 501 (c) (3) charities like th

20、eirs, up nearly 70% from the 614,000 that existed a decade ago, according to Tom Pollak, program director with the National Center for Charitable Statistics at the Urban Institute. Organizations dedicated to education, disaster relief, job development, the environment and AIDS are among todays “hot

21、causes, “ says Phyllis McGrath, president of Philanthropy Management, a Fairfield, Conn., consulting firm that works with nonprofits nationwide. Fueling this growth are several factors: baby boomers with a social-entrepreneurship mind-set and added time in their lives to give back to their communiti

22、es, such tragic events as Sept. 11 and Hurricane Katrina, and greater numbers of wealthy individuals with the funds to launch their own nonprofits. But starting a nonprofit is a Herculean effort, requiring patience and determination. It may take at least six months to a year and as much as 30 to 40

23、hours a week to get an organization off the ground, McGrath says. Hiring an attorney experienced with nonprofits to handle statewide and federal applications is key. The 501 (c) (3) designation comes from the IRS (Internal Revenue Service), and nonprofits are expected to provide the government with

24、such information as a mission statement, an idea of who will be assisted and by what methods, anticipated budget and board of directors, says Andrew Grumet, a lawyer representing nonprofits with the Manhattan firm Herrick, Feinstein, LLP. Accountants familiar with nonprofits can advise on how much o

25、f an investment can be made without affecting personal wealth. But even with the best of intentions, nonprofits have a high failure rate : only one-third survive beyond five years, says Stan Madden, director of the Center for Nonprofit Studies at the Hankamer School of Business at Baylor University

26、in Waeo, Texas. The best approach is to start with a business plan. Research other organizations in the field to make sure there is no other group addressing the same cause. Consult with other charities to determine that there are constituents who can really use your services. As McGrath notes, “Con

27、sider a realistic and doable niche that your organization can uniquely fill. “ That is just what Beth Shaw, 41, did. The owner of a $4 million company that trains yoga fitness instructors worldwide, Shaw used her knowledge of the market to launch Visionary Women in Fitness, which provides scholarshi

28、ps to underprivileged women so that they can train to become instructors. With a budget of just $30,000, the nonprofit, based in Hermosa Beach, Calif., is able to help 15 to 20 women a year learn a skill that can get them an entry-level job. “I have two homes and a successful business, so many young

29、 women out there have nothing,“ says Shaw, who has donated $50,000 of her own money since she launched the charity in June 2004. “This was the time in my life to step up and start giving back. “ （分数：5.00）(1).Which of the following is INCORRECT about Hope for the City?（分数：1.00）A.Its a nonprofit organ

30、ization collecting corporate excessive supply.B.Its a nonprofit organization distributing donated items to other nonprofits.C.It was initiated by individuals desiring to do more than donating money.D.Its a nonprofit organization with few opportunities of secure investment.(2).Which of the following

31、does NOT make for the growth of charities?（分数：1.00）A.Baby boomers whore willing to give back to their communities.B.Hot causes dedicated to education, job development, the environment, etc.C.Tragic events like Sept. 11 and Hurricane Katrina.D.Wealthy people with the funds to launch their own nonprof

32、its.(3).“Herculean“ in the third paragraph is closest in meaning to（分数：1.00）A.of or relating to Hercules.B.characterized by requiring skill.C.characterized by requiring great strength.D.having a high degree of intelligence.(4).It can be concluded from the passage that（分数：1.00）A.hard work and good in

33、tentions dont guarantee the success of nonprofits.B.an experienced lawyer is the determining factor of the success of nonprofits.C.accountants will be helpful in deciding whether to invest in nonprofits.D.investing in nonprofits means a high risk of losing ones wealth.(5).Which category of writing d

34、oes the passage belong to?（分数：1.00）A.Narration.B.Description.C.Persuasion.D.Exposition.1.BTEXT B/B“You dont have to wait for government to move. the really fantastic thing about Fairtrade is that you can go shopping ! “So said a representative of the Fairtrade movement in a British newspaper. Simila

35、rly Marion Nestle, a nutritionist at New York University, argues that “when you choose organics, you are voting for a planet with fewer pesticides, richer soil and cleaner water supplies. “The idea that shopping is the new politics is certainly seductive. Never mind the ballot box: vote with your su

36、permarket trolley instead. Elections occur relatively rarely, but you probably go shopping several times a month, providing yourself with lots of opportunities to express your opinions. If you are worried about the environment, you might buy organic food ; if you want to help poor farmers, you can d

37、o your bit by buying Fairtrade products; or you can express a dislike of evil multinational companies and rampant globalisation by buying only local produce. And the best bit is that shopping, unlike voting, is fun; so you can do good and enjoy yourself at the same time. Sadly, its not that easy. Th

38、ere are good reasons to doubt the claims made about three of the most popular varieties of “ethical“ food: organic food, Fairtrade food and local food. People who want to make the world a better place cannot do so by shifting their shopping habits: transforming the planet requires duller disciplines

39、, like politics. Organic food, which is grown without man-made pesticides and fertilisers, is generally assumed to be more environmentally friendly than conventional intensive farming, which is heavily reliant on chemical inputs. But it all depends on what you mean by “environmentally friendly“. Far

40、ming is inherently bad for the environment: since humans took it up around 11,000 years ago, the result has been deforestation on a massive scale. But following the “.green revolution“of the 1960s greater use of chemical fertiliser has tripled grain yields with very little increase in the area of la

41、nd under cultivation. Organic methods, which rely on crop rotation, manure and compost in place of fertiliser, are far less intensive. So producing the worlds current agricultural output organically would require several times as much land as is currently cultivated. There wouldnt be much room left

42、for the rainforest. Fairtrade food is designed to raise poor fanners-incomes. It is sold at a higher price than ordinary food, with a subsidy passed back to the farmer. But prices of agricultural commodities are low because of overproduction. By propping up the price, the Fairtrade system encourages

43、 farmers to produce more of these commodities rather than diversifying into other crops and so depresses pricesthus achieving, for most fanners, exactly the opposite of what the initiative is intended to do. And since only a small fraction of the mark-up on Fairtrade foods actually goes to the farme

44、rmost goes to the retailerthe system gives rich consumers an inflated impression of their largesse and makes alleviating poverty seem too easy. Surely the ease for local food, produced as close as possible to the consumer in order to minimise “food miles“and, by extension, carbon emissions, is clear

45、? Surprisingly, it is not. A study of Britains food system found that nearly half of food-vehicle miles (ie, miles travelled by vehicles carrying food) were driven by cars going to and from the shops. Most people live closer to a supermarket than a farmers market, so more local food could mean more

46、food-vehicle miles. Moving food around in big, carefully packed lorries, as supermarkets do, may in fact be the most efficient way to transport the stuff. Whats more, once the energy used in production as well as transport is taken into account, local food may turn out to be even less green. Produci

47、ng lamb in New Zealand and shipping it to Britain uses less energy than producing British lamb, because farming in New Zealand is less energy-intensive. And the local-food movements aims, of course, contradict those of the Fairtrade movement, by discouraging rich-country consumers from buying poor-c

48、ountry produce. But since the local-food movement looks suspiciously like oldfashioned protectionism masquerading as concern for the environment, helping poor countries is presumably not the point. _BTEXT B/B“You dont have to wait for government to move. the really fantastic thing about Fairtrade is that you can go shopping ! “So said a representative of the Fairtrade move