专业八级-319 (1)及答案解析.doc

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1、专业八级-319 (1)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPART LISTENIN(总题数：1，分数：10.00)B How to Present a Seminar Paper/B To involve their students more actively in the learning process, many university teachers usually conduct seminars, in which one student is asked to give his ideas on a certain topic and other s

2、tudents discuss the ideas. There are two stages involved in presenting a paper at a seminar. One is the (1) _ stage which includes researching and writing up a topic. (1) _ The other stage is the presentation stage when you actually present the paper to the audience. Two ways in which you can presen

3、t your paper: a. (2)_copies (2)_ of your paper beforehand to all the participants so that they could read it before the seminar and know about your ideas, b. Reading it aloud to the (3)_ who are likely to make their own notes. Comparatively (3)_ speaking, the first method is the more (4)_ way of con

4、ducting a (4)_ seminar. However, you will have to introduce your paper at a seminar because the participants may have forgotten about your ideas or because they may have no time to read your paper. Nine points you have to follow when introducing your paper: 1) Decide on a time (5)_ for your talk and

5、 stick to it. (5)_ 2) Write out your spoken presentation in the way you are going to speak. 3) Stick to the major points and (6) _ details. (6)_ 4) Do your best to make your presentation interesting, but do not tell jokes and (7)_ (7)_ 5) Write out and (8)_ what you intend to say until you would (8)

6、_ not make any error. 6) Make (9)_ notes so that you can find your way easily from it (9)_ to the full notes when you forget something. 7) Speak from the outline notes at the seminar. 8) Make eye contact with your audience and judge their (10)_ (10)_ 9) Repeat your main points briefly and invite que

7、stions or comments in order to make a strong ending.（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_二、BSECTION B/B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)(1).According to the officer, a student from other countries have to _ before he can use the National Health Service in Britain.（分数：1.00）A.

8、register with a universityB.pay the full cost in advanceC.study in Britain at least 6 monthsD.be registered on at least 6 courses(2).If one is entitled to treatment from the National Health Service, what is he advised to _ first of all?（分数：1.00）A.register a course of half a year.B.register at any ho

9、spital.C.register with a doctor.D.register with the local city council.(3).Which of the following is true of the patient who has registered for the National Health Service according to the officer?（分数：1.00）A.He will have to pay the cost of medicines.B.He will have to pay for the consultations with d

10、octors.C.He will have to pay the full cost of all their treatment.D.He will have to consult with a doctors receptionist before treatment.(4).The following is free EXCEPT _.（分数：1.00）A.dental treatmentB.casualty treatmentC.emergency treatmentD.all the treatment at a public hospital(5).If one wants to

11、see a doctor in UK he has to do the following EXCEPT _.（分数：1.00）A.calling out a doctor to see himB.finding out a doctors consulting hoursC.finding out whether he needs to make an appointment with the doctorD.contacting a doctor to find out whether he would accept him三、BSECTION C/B(总题数：2，分数：5.00)(1).

12、Who attacked police bases, volunteer defense posts and local government offices?（分数：1.00）A.Security forces.B.Some officials.C.Militants.D.The farmers.(2).Where did the clash take place?（分数：1.00）A.In the southern provinces.B.In the northern cities.C.In the west.D.In the east.(3).How many militants we

13、re killed in Wednesdays attacks?（分数：1.00）A.10.B.20.C.At least 40.D.At least 60.I Questions 9 to 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer each question. Now listen to the news./I（分数：2.00）(1).What is President Bushs attitude towards the hu

14、miliating treatment of Iraqi prisoners by American soldiers?（分数：1.00）A.Ambiguous.B.Negative.C.Apologetic.D.Supportive.(2).Which of the following has resulted from the Arabian peoples anger over the abuse?（分数：1.00）A.Six American soldiers were charged.B.Some American soldiers were attacked.C.An adviso

15、r to President Bush was reprimanded.D.President Bush was asked to make an apology.四、BPART READING (总题数：5，分数：20.00)BTEXT A/BThe 70,000 grocery workers on strike in Southern California are the front line in a battle to prevent middle-class service jobs from turning into poverty-level ones. The superma

16、rkets say they are forced to lower their labor costs to compete with Wal-Mart, a nonunion, low- wage employer aggressively moving into the grocery business. Everyone should be concerned about this fight. It is, at bottom, about the ability of retail workers to earn wages that keep their families out

17、 of poverty.Grocery stores in Southern California are bracing for the arrival, in February, of the first of 40 Wal-Mart grocery supercenters. Wal-Marts prices are about 14 percent lower than other groceriesbecause the company is aggressive about squeezing costs, including labor costs. Its workers ea

18、rn a third less than unionized grocery workers, and pay for much of their health insurance. Wal-Mart uses hardball tactics to ward off unions. Since 1995, the government has issued at least 60 complaints alleging illegal anti-union activities.Southern Californias supermarket chains have reacted by d

19、emanding a two-year freeze on current workerssalaries and lower pay for newly hired workers, and they want employees to pay more for health insurance. The union counters that if the supermarkets match Wal-Mart, their workers will be pushed out of the middle class. Those workers are already only a st

20、ep- or a second family income-from poverty, with wages of roughly $18,000 a year. Wal-Mart sales clerks make about $14,000 a year, below the $15,960 poverty line for a family of three.Wal-Mart may also be driving down costs by using undocumented immigrants. Last month, federal agents raided Wal-Mart

21、s in 21 states. Wal-Mart is facing a grand jury investigation, and a civil racketeering class-action filed by cleaners who say they were underpaid when working for contractors hired by Wal-Mart. Wal-Mart insists that it was unaware of its contractorspractices. But aware or not, it may have helped to

22、 deprive legally employable janitors of jobs and adequate pay.This Wal-Martization of the work force, to which other low-cost, low-pay stores also contribute, threatens to push many Americans into poverty. The first step in countering it is to enforce the law. The government must act more vigorously

23、, and more quickly, when Wal-Mart uses illegal tactics to block union organizing. And Wal-Mart must be made to pay if it exploits undocumented workers.Unions understand that the quickest way to win this war is to organize Wal-Mart workers. And Wal-Marts competitors have to strive for Wal-Marts effic

24、iency without making workers bear the brunt. Consumers can also play a part. Wal-Mart likes to wrap itself in American values. It should be reminded that one of those is paying workers enough to give their families a decent life.（分数：3.00）(1).Wal-Mart is criticized most for _.（分数：1.00）A.moving into t

25、he grocery businessB.squeezing its labor costsC.entering into anti-union activitiesD.employing illegal workers(2).The following measures could be taken to counter Wal-Martization of the work force EXCEPT _.（分数：1.00）A.to enforce relevant lawsB.to raise workers salariesC.to organize Wal-Mart workersD.

26、to match Wal-Marts efficiency(3).We can infer from the last paragraph that _.（分数：1.00）A.Wal-Marts practices are a moderately nice reflection of American valuesB.consumers should bear the brunt of paying more for their own insuranceC.consumers might exert some influence on Wal-Mart to pay its workers

27、 moreD.Wal-Marts efficiency is beyond what other supermarket chains can achieveBTEXT B/BStern recounts her four-year odyssey into the hearts and minds of religious terrorists. She talks to Christian, Jewish and Muslim extremists, violent anti-abortion warriors and admirers of Timothy McVeigh, and di

28、scovers how much they have in common. Nothing she finds leads the reader to suppose that any of the religious faiths is inherently more prone to violence than the other: the problem is not the words on the page, but how they are read.A rough social template can be extrapolated from Sterns account: t

29、he leaders of such groups tend to have much younger, attractive and submissive wives who support their views; long hair, robes, veils and conspicuous deference are popular in all three faiths. The leaders tend to live in comfortable houses and enjoy the trappings of their power: large cars, acolytes

30、 and bodyguards. They talk in generalities about the justice of their cause and the Almightys firm support. Those who serve as cannon fodder, on the other hand, are likely to be young, vulnerable, socially disadvantaged and poorly educated, and to have a sense of personal or collective humiliation.

31、Violence for the cause gives them a feeling of purpose, dignity and the transcendent experience of serving, and perhaps dying for, ideals that they regard as pure. With faith, the weak become strong, the selfish become altruistic, and rage turns to conviction.If some of this sounds predictable, it i

32、s not to diminish the interest of Sterns account. A leading expert On terrorism and a lecturer at the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard, she has tracked down and interviewed an impressive range of activists in a variety of causes from Florida to Kashmir. On a subject that tends to be richer in

33、 rhetoric than in detail, a writer able and willing to get this close is hard to find.These are not always profoundly penetrating encounters: there is an implicit bargain- which Stern readily acknowledges-that if you are allowed across the threshold it is bemuse your interlocutor has an agenda that

34、he imagines will be furthered. Terrorists need people to notice what they do and, for reasons of fund-raising and recruitment, want to convince a wider circle that the cause is just. Perhaps Stems critics would deem this a reason to stay away, but they would be wrong. She is a levelheaded investigat

35、or whose knowledge of the background of groups like these adds perspective to her interviews.A feeling of complete certainty, let alone absolute purity, is hard to come by in the examined life. To foster the conviction that God supports the murder of innocents requires a tightknit group and a settle

36、d hatred of the Other: in these circles, whites hate blacks and Jews; Jews and Christians hate Muslims and vice versa; anti-abortion crusaders hate gynecologists. All of them seem to have it in for homosexuals and most, even the Americans, bate contemporary America. Tolerance and womens rights, as S

37、tern observes, are irritating to those left behind by modernity.Avigdor Eskin, a millenarian Jew, believes, rather against the evidence, that the United States is conspiring to destroy Israel. To meet him, Stern, who is careful to share this kind of detail, dressed in a long skirt, long sleeves and

38、a scarf that covered her hair, neck and shoulders completely an outfit that would have been equally de rigueur for a meeting with a strict Muslim. And as Eskin himself volunteers, they resemble each other in more than their dress code: “Here in Israel, we dont like to say this very loudly, but the r

39、adical right Jewish groups have a lot in common with Hamas.“ Both, Stern adds, have twin political and religious objectives and both use selective readings of religious texts and of history to justify violence over territory.If to the outsider the manners are similar, each group believes itself to b

40、e uniquely favored by the Almighty, and each individual follows his own trajectory. A Palestinian suicide bomber might be suffering from what Stern describes as the epidemic of despair that afflicts his people. An American Identity Christian who was sickly as a child still burns with the humiliation

41、 of being made to join a girlsgym class at school. A young madrasah student in Pakistan says that the day he came to the religious school was the first time in his life he had enough food to eat or clothes to wear; two of his fellow pupils tell her that education and wealth are the two greatest thre

42、ats to their cause.The argument is often a fight about land and resources expressed through the powerful ideologies of identity. Some groups-the mujaheddin who fought in Afghanistan or the Muslim warriors in Indonesia-were created by state security services but have now escaped from control. Most en

43、joy ample funds and money has become, for many, a reason for continuing the war.In between her interviews, Stern offers a cogent analysis of methodologies andstructures: she distinguishes between lone-wolf avengers and organizations with hierarchies of command, between networks, franchises and freel

44、ances, between inspirational leaders and leaderless resistance. She lays out the impact of the post-9/11 war on terror on organizations like Al Qaeda and confirmed my suspicion that both the rhetoric and the reality of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan have boosted their numbers without crippling the

45、ir capacity to harm. To fight todays terrorism with an army is like trying to shoot a cloud of mosquitoes with a machine gun.The hard part, of course, is what to do instead. Stern describes how winner-take-all globalization provokes powerful resentment in a wide range of communities. Failed states,

46、weak or tyrannical governments, social deprivation, arbitrary use of power and a perception of injustice-all help generate recruits. The Internet and the easy availability of weapons helps empower the discontented. On an individual level, though, why one true believer in search of a transcendent exp

47、erience should become a saint and another a terrorist seems to be chance: it can come down to the wrong company at the vulnerable moment. On a global scale, Stern ventures some general policy advice, without claiming to offer a solution. As a description of the problem, though, this is a serious and

48、 provocative beginning.（分数：5.00）(1).According to the passage, which of the following is NOT the writers opinion?（分数：1.00）A.Those who criticize Stern would be wrong in effect.B.Stems analysis of terrorist structures is quite convincing.C.Stern does not try to offer solutions to end terrorism.D.Humus uses selective readings of history to justify violence.(2).According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?（分数：1.00）A.Terrorists appreciate womens rights.B.Some terrorists die for