专业八级-296及答案解析.doc

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1、专业八级-296 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、LANGUAGE USAGE(总题数：4，分数：100.00)In an age where globalization is the trend, learning a foreign language becomes essential. Because of globalization, citizens of one country see the need to learn a language aside from their native ones. Some learn a foreign langua

2、ge for practical reasons while 1 others are motivating because of aspirational, intellectual or 2 sentimental reasons. When an individual has plans to migrate to the different 3 country or region, learning the local language of the place would be necessary to be able to communicate with the people i

3、n the new place. He or she cannot integrate to the local community 4 unless he or she does not know what the locals are talking about and 5 cannot understand the signs writing in the local language. 6 More than just learning new vocabulary words, learning a foreign language can enhance the ability o

4、f an individual to learn and function in the other areas. It is like exercising the brain to have 7 better function in organization, memory, and expression. Aside from the great cognitive development, learning a foreign language could also help an individual better equipped to adapt to the changes 8

5、 happening. Like learning a foreign language also entails learning the 9 culture of the country, the ability of the individual to tolerate diverse lifestyles and customs also improve. 10 （分数：25.00）Many animal and even plant species communicate with each other. Humans are not unique in this capabilit

6、y. Therefore, human 11 language is unique in being a symbol communication system that is 12 learned instead of biologically inherited. A word is one and more sounds that in combination with a special meaning assigned by a language. The symbolic meaning of 13 words can be so powerful that people are

7、willing to risk their lives for them or take the lives of others. A major advantage of human language is being a learned 14 symbolic communication system is that it is infinitely flexible. Meanings can be changed and new symbols create. This is 15 evidenced by the fact which new words are invented d

8、aily and the 16 meaning of old ones changes. Languages evolve in response to change historical and social conditions. Some language 17 transformations typically occur in a generation or more. For instance, the slang words used by your parents were very different from it that you use today. You also

9、probably are familiar with many 18 technical terms, such as “text messaging“ and “high definition TV“, which were not in general use even a decade ago. Language and speech are not the same thing. Speech is a broad term simply referred to patterned verbal behavior. In contrast, 19 a language is a set

10、 of rules for generating speech. A dialect is a variant of a language. If associated with a geographically isolated speech community, it is referred to a regional dialect. However, if 20 it is spoken by a speech community that is merely socially isolated, it is called a social dialect which is mostl

11、y based on class, gender, age, and particular social situations.（分数：25.00）Yoga, the ancient practice of postures, breathing and meditation, is gaining a lot of attention from the material world that its serious practitioners are trying to escape. Yoga practitioners are trying to keep themselves away

12、 from the material world. But no 21 wonder Americans who practice yoga are often well-educated, have higher-than-average household incomes and are willing to spend a 22 bit more on so-called “green“ purchases seen as benefited the 23 environment or society. “It“s kind of growing out of the crunchy s

13、tage of yoga to the Starbucks stage,“ said Bill Harper, a publisher of Yoga Journal. 24 “From the videos and the clothes and the toe socks. people are pursuing after this market with a vengeance.“ 25 A glance through recent issues of his month magazine, whose 26 readership has doubled in the past fo

14、ur years to 325,000, illustrate 27 the point. There are four-color ads from the like of Asics athletic 28 shoes, Eileen fisher apparel and Ford Motor Co. Yoga Journal is now licensing a Russian edition and preparing to expand in other international markets. Americans spend some $2.95 billion a year

15、for yoga classes, 29 equipment, clothing, holidays, videos and more, according to a study commissioned by the magazine, fuelled in part by aged baby boomers seeking less aggressive ways to stay fit. Roughly 16.5 million people were practising yoga in the United States early last year, in studios, gy

16、ms or home, up 43 percent from 2002, the 30 study found. Established sellers of yoga gear such as Hugger Mugger and Gaiam have been flooded with competition in the market for yoga mats, incense, clothing and fancy accoutrements ranging from designer yoga bags to eye pillows.（分数：25.00）The newborn can

17、 see the difference between various shapes and patterns from birth. He prefers patterns for dull or bright solid colors 31 and looks longer at stripes and angles than at circular patterns. Within three weeks, however, his preference shifts dramatic to the 32 human face. Why should a baby with so lit

18、tle visual experience attend more to human face than to any other kind of pattern? Some scientists 33 think this preference represents a built-in advantage for the human species. The object in prime importance to the physically helpless 34 infant is a human being. Babies seem to have a natural tende

19、ncy to the human face as potentially awarding. Researchers also point out 35 that the newborn wisely relies more on pattern than on outline, size, or color. Pattern remains stable, and outline changes with point of 36 view; size, with distance from an object; and brightness and color, with lighting.

20、 Mothers have always claimed that they could see their newborns looking at them as they held them, despite what they have 37 told. The experts who thought that perception had to await physical development and the consequence of action were wrong for several reasons. Earlier research techniques were

21、less sophisticated than what they are today. Physical skills were once used to indicate 38 perception of objectsskills like visual tracking and reaching for an object, both of them the newborn does poorly. Then, too, 39 assumptions that the newborn“s eyes and brain was too immature for 40 anything a

22、s sophisticated as pattern recognition caused opposing data to be thrown away. Since perception of form was widely believed to follow perception of more “basic“ qualities such as color and brightness, the possibility of its presence from birth was rejected.（分数：25.00）专业八级-296 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分

23、钟)一、LANGUAGE USAGE(总题数：4，分数：100.00)In an age where globalization is the trend, learning a foreign language becomes essential. Because of globalization, citizens of one country see the need to learn a language aside from their native ones. Some learn a foreign language for practical reasons while 1 o

24、thers are motivating because of aspirational, intellectual or 2 sentimental reasons. When an individual has plans to migrate to the different 3 country or region, learning the local language of the place would be necessary to be able to communicate with the people in the new place. He or she cannot

25、integrate to the local community 4 unless he or she does not know what the locals are talking about and 5 cannot understand the signs writing in the local language. 6 More than just learning new vocabulary words, learning a foreign language can enhance the ability of an individual to learn and funct

26、ion in the other areas. It is like exercising the brain to have 7 better function in organization, memory, and expression. Aside from the great cognitive development, learning a foreign language could also help an individual better equipped to adapt to the changes 8 happening. Like learning a foreig

27、n language also entails learning the 9 culture of the country, the ability of the individual to tolerate diverse lifestyles and customs also improve. 10 （分数：25.00）解析：onesone解析 代词单复数错误。前面出现了 a foreign language和 one country，且此处意为“一个国家的居民已经意识到掌握一门除了本国母语之外的另外一种语言的必要性。”their native one指代的是他们自己的母语，为单数形式，故

28、将 ones改为 one。解析：motivatingmotivated解析 词义混淆。motivating 意为“令人有积极性的”，常用来修饰物，而 motivated意为“有积极性的”，常用来修饰人。在该句中 others指代人，故应用 motivated修饰。解析：thea解析 冠词误用。该处意思是“移民到一个不同的国家或地区”，是泛指，而并非特指某个地方，故应将定冠词 the改为不定冠词 a。解析：towith解析 介词误用。integrate with 为固定搭配，意为“与结合”，故将介词 to改为 with。解析：unlessif解析 连词误用。该句意思是“如果一个人不明白当地人所说

29、的话，那么他/她就不能很好地融入当地的环境。”if.not 和 unless意思一致，而该句中出现了 not，故应将 unless改为if。解析：writingwritten解析 非谓语动词误用。signs 后面的部分作其后置定语，而 signs和 write之间是动宾关系，故用过去分词形式 written表被动。解析：第一个 the the 解析 冠词冗余。other 加名词表示“其他的”，而 the other加名词则表示“(两者中的)另一个”，此处是泛指“除家乡外的其他地方”，故去掉定冠词 the。解析：betterbe解析 be 动词缺失。be equipped to do sth.

30、意为“准备(装备)好做某事”，前面又出现了 help，故应在 better前面加上 be。解析：LikeAs解析 近义词误用。like 和 as在作介词，表示“像一样”时，可以互换。而此处Like后面跟的是句子，意思是“由于学习一门外语还包括了解该国的文化，因此个人适应不同生活方式及习俗的能力也能随之得到提高。”主从句之间为因果逻辑关系，like 不能引导句子，故将 Like改为As。解析：improveimproves解析 主谓不一致。of the individual to tolerate diverse lifestyles and customs为后置定语，修饰主语 the abil

31、ity，其为单数形式，谓语动词也应使用第三人称单数形式，故将 improve改为 improves。Many animal and even plant species communicate with each other. Humans are not unique in this capability. Therefore, human 11 language is unique in being a symbol communication system that is 12 learned instead of biologically inherited. A word is on

32、e and more sounds that in combination with a special meaning assigned by a language. The symbolic meaning of 13 words can be so powerful that people are willing to risk their lives for them or take the lives of others. A major advantage of human language is being a learned 14 symbolic communication

33、system is that it is infinitely flexible. Meanings can be changed and new symbols create. This is 15 evidenced by the fact which new words are invented daily and the 16 meaning of old ones changes. Languages evolve in response to change historical and social conditions. Some language 17 transformati

34、ons typically occur in a generation or more. For instance, the slang words used by your parents were very different from it that you use today. You also probably are familiar with many 18 technical terms, such as “text messaging“ and “high definition TV“, which were not in general use even a decade

35、ago. Language and speech are not the same thing. Speech is a broad term simply referred to patterned verbal behavior. In contrast, 19 a language is a set of rules for generating speech. A dialect is a variant of a language. If associated with a geographically isolated speech community, it is referre

36、d to a regional dialect. However, if 20 it is spoken by a speech community that is merely socially isolated, it is called a social dialect which is mostly based on class, gender, age, and particular social situations.（分数：25.00）解析：ThereforeHowever解析 衔接副词误用。上文提到“交流并不是人类独有的能力”，下文则说“人类语言作为一种只能被习得而非遗传的符号

37、化沟通系统是独一无二的”。可见两句话之间应该是转折关系，故将 Therefore改成 However。解析：symbolsymbolic解析 词性混用。symbol 表示“符号”，是名词。句中被修饰的是名词短语communication system，应该使用形容词 symbolic“符号的”。句意为“人类语言作为一种只能被习得而非遗传的符号化沟通系统是独一无二的。”解析：specialspecific解析 形近词误用。special 表示“特殊的”，而 specific表示“特定的”，一个单词对应的应是一个特定的意思，故应使用 specific。解析：is is 解析 be 动词冗余。此句主

38、干为 A major advantage of human language is that.，being a learned symbolic communication system 为非谓语动词结构作后置定语，修饰 human language，故应把 being前面的 is去掉。句意为“人类语言作为一种符号化的沟通系统，其最大的优势在于它的无限灵活性。”解析：createcreated解析 语态错误。new symbols 与 create之间是动宾关系，故应使用被动语态。为了避免重复，省略了谓语 can be，应将 create改为 created。句意为“人们可以改变单词的意思，也

39、可以创造新的符号。”解析：whichthat解析 从句引导词误用。此处 fact后面接的是同位语从句，而非定语从句，因此只能使用 that引导。句意为“这被一个事实所证明，即每一天都有新的词语被创造出来，旧的词语的意思发生改变。”解析：changechanging解析 动词形式错误。in response to 中的 to为介词，而非不定式符号，后面应该使用名词或动名词，因此应将 change改为 changing。解析：itthose解析 代词误用。from 后面指代的内容应该是上文中提到的 the slang words，是复数形式，因此应该使用代词 those。句意为“例如，你父母曾经使

40、用的俚语同你现在所使用的俚语大不相同。”解析：referredreferring解析 非谓语动词误用。此处 term与 refer to之间是主谓关系，因此应该使用现在分词 referring而非过去分词 referred。句意为“言语是一个很宽泛的术语，指的是模式化的口头表达行为。”解析：toas解析 介词缺失。be referred to as 是固定搭配，意为“被称为”。句意为“如果它同地理分布的言语社区有关系的话，就被称为方言。”Yoga, the ancient practice of postures, breathing and meditation, is gaining a

41、lot of attention from the material world that its serious practitioners are trying to escape. Yoga practitioners are trying to keep themselves away from the material world. But no 21 wonder Americans who practice yoga are often well-educated, have higher-than-average household incomes and are willin

42、g to spend a 22 bit more on so-called “green“ purchases seen as benefited the 23 environment or society. “It“s kind of growing out of the crunchy stage of yoga to the Starbucks stage,“ said Bill Harper, a publisher of Yoga Journal. 24 “From the videos and the clothes and the toe socks. people are pu

43、rsuing after this market with a vengeance.“ 25 A glance through recent issues of his month magazine, whose 26 readership has doubled in the past four years to 325,000, illustrate 27 the point. There are four-color ads from the like of Asics athletic 28 shoes, Eileen fisher apparel and Ford Motor Co.

44、 Yoga Journal is now licensing a Russian edition and preparing to expand in other international markets. Americans spend some $2.95 billion a year for yoga classes, 29 equipment, clothing, holidays, videos and more, according to a study commissioned by the magazine, fuelled in part by aged baby boom

45、ers seeking less aggressive ways to stay fit. Roughly 16.5 million people were practising yoga in the United States early last year, in studios, gyms or home, up 43 percent from 2002, the 30 study found. Established sellers of yoga gear such as Hugger Mugger and Gaiam have been flooded with competit

46、ion in the market for yoga mats, incense, clothing and fancy accoutrements ranging from designer yoga bags to eye pillows.（分数：25.00）解析：ButAnd解析 连词误用。上一句的含义是“瑜伽练习者尽量使自己远离物质世界”，本句的意思是“难怪这么多练习瑜伽的美国人都是受过良好教育并有着较高收入的人们，这些人愿意多花点钱去购买对环境或社会有利的所谓的绿色产品”。可见这两个句子之间是顺承关系，不是转折关系，因此应该使用 And。解析：incomesincome解析 名词单复

47、数错误。income 表示“收入”，为不可数名词。解析：benefitedbenefiting解析 非谓语动词误用。benefit 与它的逻辑主语“green”purchases 是主谓关系，因此应该使用现在分词形式。解析：a a 解析 冠词冗余。此处 publisher of Yoga Journal是 Bill Harper的同位语，二者是完全同位关系，因此不需要加不定冠词 a。解析：after after 解析 介词冗余。pursue 是及物动词，表示“追逐，追求”，而 pursue after表示“追赶”，不符合此处的语义。解析：monthmonthly解析 词性混用。month 是名

48、词，而 monthly是形容词，表示“月刊的”。类似的还有 weekly，bimonthly，semimonthly，yearly 等。解析：illustrateillustrates解析 主谓不一致。谓语 illustrate的主语是 A glance.，为单数意义，因此谓语动词应该使用第三人称单数形式。解析：likelikes解析 固定搭配错误。the likes of 是固定搭配，表示“诸如此类的人或事”。解析：foron解析 介词误用。表示“在上花费(钱)”，应该使用 spend.on，介词不能用 for。解析：homeat解析 介词缺失。本句是说“去年美国约有 1650万人在瑜伽馆、

49、健身房或家里练习瑜伽”。“在家早”应用 at home表达。The newborn can see the difference between various shapes and patterns from birth. He prefers patterns for dull or bright solid colors 31 and looks longer at stripes and angles than at circular patterns. Within three weeks, however, his preference shifts dramatic to the 32 human face. Why should a baby with so little visual experience attend more to human face than to any other kind of pattern? Some scientists 33 think this preference represents a built-in advan