专业八级-285及答案解析.doc

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1、专业八级-285 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、LANGUAGE USAGE(总题数：30，分数：100.00)1.Country life, on the other hand, differs from this kind of isolated existence in that a sense of community generally keep the inhabitants of a small village together. （分数：3.00）2.What is generally accepted that nobody should be e

2、xcluded from the wealth of the nation, either by the laws of nature or by those of society. （分数：3.00）3.This seems the English may have been unfair in associating bird“s brain with stupidity. （分数：3.00）4.With the development of modern agriculture and industry, more and more waste and poison are poured

3、 into the water, the soil and the air. （分数：3.00）5.Either reading aloud of poetry or reciting it by heart compel the students to study their meaning closely. （分数：3.00）6.As is often pointed out, knowledge is a two-edged weapon which could be used equally for good or evil. （分数：3.00）7.They would know th

4、at in very cold conditions water becomes a solid called ice and that when heating on a fire it becomes a vapor called steam. （分数：3.00）8.What we all know, if somebody doesn“t wake up, the middle class is on a path to being downsized all the way to the bottom of society. （分数：3.00）9.What we were in the

5、 past very largely determines what we are now and in its turn will very largely determine what we will become. （分数：3.00）10.Interest refers to the amount what your money earns when it is kept in a savings instrument. （分数：3.00）11.It is commonly believed in the United States that school is where people

6、 go to get an education; therefore, it has been said that today children interrupt their education to go to school. （分数：3.00）12.Far too many people fail to realize that pronouncing a foreign language is a skillone needs careless training of a special kind, and one that cannot be acquired by just lea

7、ving it to take care of itself. （分数：3.00）13.The President himself is constantly leaving Washington while he is summoned to “fundraising dinners“ where fat cats pay a thousand or so dollars a plate to worm their way into government not through service but through donations of vast amounts of money. （

8、分数：3.00）14.I“m quite negative that humor is the most comfortable and lovable quality. For humorous persons, if their gift is genuine and not a mere shine upon the surface, are always agreeable companies. （分数：3.00）15.Women“s work has not changed considerably in the past 200 years, moving from the hou

9、sehold to the office or the factory, and later becoming mostly white-collar instead of blue-collar work. （分数：3.00）16.Many of the companies with commercial products are experiencing the unusual hard-time of pioneers, including production kinks, cautious customers, and the impact of the recessions. （分

10、数：3.00）17.The total quantity of water is not known, and it is about enough to cover the surface of the globe to depth of about two and three-quarter kilometers. （分数：3.00）18.Wheat prices were generally low in the autumn, so farmers could not wait for markets to improve. （分数：3.00）19.An hour of hunting

11、 yields on average about 100 edible calories, as an hour of gathering produces 240. （分数：3.00）20.He continues to talk to the guest and listen to him, but leans forward and grasps the arms of the chair as about to push himself upwards. （分数：3.00）21.Most of it97%is in the form of the salt waters of the

12、oceans. The rest is fresh, but three quarters of this is in the form of ice at the Poles and on mountains, and cannot be used by living systems when melted. （分数：4.00）22.Air quality in Britain has improved considerably in the last thirty years. Total emissions of smoke in the air have risen by over 8

13、5 percent since 1950. （分数：4.00）23.For its first few years, it was the only newspaper in the territory, and during the following decades, enterprising Washingtonians founded many other papers. （分数：4.00）24.Potential disorganization is present in those families in which the husband, wife and children a

14、re spatially separated over a long period, and are living together but see each other only briefly because of different work schedules. （分数：4.00）25.Present production is running at 51 percent above pre-war levels, and the government has called for an expansion to 60 percent by 1956, or repeated Mini

15、sterial advice is carrying little weight and the expansion program is not working very well. （分数：4.00）26.Since reimbursement rates at the large hospitals are now based on total costs, therefore paying the large institutions a lower rate for routine care would simply raise the rates for complex care

16、by comparable amount. （分数：4.00）27.Foetal sleepers tend to be shy and sensitive, but people who assume the soldier position, fiat on their back with arms at their sides, are quiet and reserved. （分数：4.00）28.They couldn“t, as if they would, get out of trouble by themselves. （分数：4.00）29.A history of lon

17、g and effortless success can be a dreadful handicap, but, even if properly handled, it may become a driving force. （分数：4.00）30.It has been known for decades that the appearance of sunspots is roughly periodic, with an average cycle of eleven years. Therefore, the incidence of solar flares and the fl

18、ux of solar cosmic rays, ultraviolet radiation, and X-radiation all vary directly with the sunspot cycle. （分数：4.00）专业八级-285 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、LANGUAGE USAGE(总题数：30，分数：100.00)1.Country life, on the other hand, differs from this kind of isolated existence in that a sense of community general

19、ly keep the inhabitants of a small village together. （分数：3.00）解析：主谓不一致，应把 keep 改为 keeps。解析 在 in that“因为”引导的句子中，主语是 a sense of community，故谓语应为单数。本句的意思是“乡村生活与这种隔绝孤立的生活不同，因为一种社区归属感把村里的居民联系在一起。”2.What is generally accepted that nobody should be excluded from the wealth of the nation, either by the laws

20、of nature or by those of society. （分数：3.00）解析：It句型错误，应把句首的 What 改为 It。解析 此句中，that 引导的从句是真正的主语，It 作形式主语。3.This seems the English may have been unfair in associating bird“s brain with stupidity. （分数：3.00）解析：It句型错误，应把 This 改为 It。解析 在这个句子中，seems 后面是一个句子，只是省略了引导词 that，这是 It seems(that)句型，表示“看起来好像”。4.With

21、 the development of modern agriculture and industry, more and more waste and poison are poured into the water, the soil and the air. （分数：3.00）解析：主谓不一致，应把 are 改为 is。解析 本句中的 waste and poison(有毒的废物)是属于同位语等立关系，该词组中 and 的含义实际上和 with 相似，因此，必须作单数看待。类似的词组有：bacon and eggs(腊肉荷包蛋)，bread and butter(黄油面包)，truth

22、and honesty(真诚)等。5.Either reading aloud of poetry or reciting it by heart compel the students to study their meaning closely. （分数：3.00）解析：主谓不一致，应把 compel 改为 compels。解析 在英语中，either.or.，neither.nor.连接的复合主语，其谓语单复数形式取决于离它最近的主语单复数情况，在本题中，reciting it by heart 是离谓语最近的主语，因此谓语用单数形式。6.As is often pointed out,

23、 knowledge is a two-edged weapon which could be used equally for good or evil. （分数：3.00）解析：时态错误，应把 could 改为 can。解析 主句 knowledge is a two-edged weapon 已经显示出时态应为现在时，而从句也不表示虚拟，所以也应该用现在时。本句的意思是“正如人们经常指出的那样，知识是把双刃剑，可以用来造福，也可以用来为害。”7.They would know that in very cold conditions water becomes a solid calle

24、d ice and that when heating on a fire it becomes a vapor called steam. （分数：3.00）解析：语态错误，应把 heating 改为 heated。解析 在时间、条件、让步等状语从句中，当从句主语和主句主语一致时，可以将从句主语和 be 动词省略。此题后一个分句就是将 when ice is heated on a fire 中的 ice is 省略了，所以应该用过去分词表示被动。8.What we all know, if somebody doesn“t wake up, the middle class is on a

25、 path to being downsized all the way to the bottom of society. （分数：3.00）解析：定语从句引导词错误，应把 What 改成 As。解析 此处第一个从句是非限制性定语从句，后面的整个句子是这个定语从句所修饰的先行成分，作 know 的宾语。这种情况下，需要一个可以指代整个句子的关系代词，只有 as 具有这个功能。9.What we were in the past very largely determines what we are now and in its turn will very largely determine

26、 what we will become. （分数：3.00）解析：句子成分缺失，应在第一个 will 前面加上 it 或者 this。解析 and 后面的分句缺少主语，造成句意不明确，因此应加上一个可以替代 what we are now 的词，使句子在语法和意义上都讲得通。本句的意思是“过去的我们在很大程度上决定了今天的我们，而今天的我们又会在极大程度上决定未来的我们。”10.Interest refers to the amount what your money earns when it is kept in a savings instrument. （分数：3.00）解析：定语从

27、句关系代词误用，应把 what 改为 which 或者 that 或者直接删去。解析 amount 在此是先行词，后面是一个定语从句，关系代词在从句中作宾语，故应用 that 或 which 引导，也可将其省略。11.It is commonly believed in the United States that school is where people go to get an education; therefore, it has been said that today children interrupt their education to go to school. （分数

28、：3.00）解析：衔接副词误用，应把 therefore 改成 nevertheless 或 however。解析 本句前半句说“人们普遍认为学校是人们受教育的地方”，后半句说“一些人认为学校妨碍了孩子们受教育”，可见前后两句是转折关系。12.Far too many people fail to realize that pronouncing a foreign language is a skillone needs careless training of a special kind, and one that cannot be acquired by just leaving i

29、t to take care of itself. （分数：3.00）解析：语义错误，应把 careless 改成 careful。解析 根据上下文语义可知，发音技巧需要经过仔细认真的训练才能掌握，故应将 careless 改为 careful。13.The President himself is constantly leaving Washington while he is summoned to “fundraising dinners“ where fat cats pay a thousand or so dollars a plate to worm their way int

30、o government not through service but through donations of vast amounts of money. （分数：3.00）解析：状语从句连词误用，应把 while 改为 because。解析 主句说“总统经常离开华盛顿”，从句说“他是被叫去参加筹集善款的宴会了”，因此可以看出从句是说明总统离开华盛顿的原因，故应使用because。14.I“m quite negative that humor is the most comfortable and lovable quality. For humorous persons, if th

31、eir gift is genuine and not a mere shine upon the surface, are always agreeable companies. （分数：3.00）解析：语义错误，应把 negative 改为 positive。解析 下文说“幽默的人，只要他有真才能，而不是徒有其表，就是令人愉快的伙伴。”由此可见，说话人对幽默持有一种肯定的态度。15.Women“s work has not changed considerably in the past 200 years, moving from the household to the office

32、or the factory, and later becoming mostly white-collar instead of blue-collar work. （分数：3.00）解析：语义错误，应把 not 去掉。解析 下文叙述了妇女工作的巨大变化，用 not 显然与句意不符。16.Many of the companies with commercial products are experiencing the unusual hard-time of pioneers, including production kinks, cautious customers, and the

33、 impact of the recessions. （分数：3.00）解析：语义错误，应把 unusual 改为 usual。解析 下文提到了公司遇到的一些困难，而这是先驱们都会经历的艰难时刻，即这些问题是“寻常的、正常的”，unusual 表示“不寻常的”，用在这里不符合句意。17.The total quantity of water is not known, and it is about enough to cover the surface of the globe to depth of about two and three-quarter kilometers. （分数：3

34、.00）解析：连词误用，应把第一个 and 改为 but。解析 上文提到“水的总量虽不知道”，下文说“但它足够覆盖地球表面了”，因此上下文之间是转折关系，而不是并列关系。18.Wheat prices were generally low in the autumn, so farmers could not wait for markets to improve. （分数：3.00）解析：连词误用，应把 so 改为 but。解析 这句话的意思是“秋季小麦价格较低，但是农民们不能坐等市场好转”，上下文之间是转折关系，而不是因果关系。19.An hour of hunting yields on

35、 average about 100 edible calories, as an hour of gathering produces 240. （分数：3.00）解析：连词误用，应把 as 改为 while/whereas。解析 根据上下文，这里应该是将 hunting 和gathering 的结果进行对比，而不是因果关系。20.He continues to talk to the guest and listen to him, but leans forward and grasps the arms of the chair as about to push himself upw

36、ards. （分数：3.00）解析：衔接词错误，应在 as 后加上 if/though。解析 根据上下文语境，这里的意思是“好像，好似”，而不是“当的时候”，否则逻辑上说不通。本句的意思是“他继续和客人谈话并倾听对方的回答，但同时向前探着身子、紧紧抓住椅子把手，好像要把自己往前推。”21.Most of it97%is in the form of the salt waters of the oceans. The rest is fresh, but three quarters of this is in the form of ice at the Poles and on mount

37、ains, and cannot be used by living systems when melted. （分数：4.00）解析：语义错误，应把 when 改为 until。解析 根据上下文可知，冰直到化成水后才能被生态系统里的生物使用，所以用 notuntil 来表达。22.Air quality in Britain has improved considerably in the last thirty years. Total emissions of smoke in the air have risen by over 85 percent since 1950. （分数：4

38、.00）解析：语义错误，应把 risen 改为 dropped/decreased。解析 第一句说“英国的空气状况在过去的三十年里有了相当大的改善”，所以第二句的意思应该是“烟雾排放量下降了 85%”，而不是上升了。23.For its first few years, it was the only newspaper in the territory, and during the following decades, enterprising Washingtonians founded many other papers. （分数：4.00）解析：连词误用，应把 and 改为 but。

39、解析 前一个分句的意思是“在最初的几年里它是本地区唯一的报纸”，后半句的意思是“在接下来的几十年里，有进取心的华盛顿人创立了其他的报纸”，由此可见这两句之间是转折关系。24.Potential disorganization is present in those families in which the husband, wife and children are spatially separated over a long period, and are living together but see each other only briefly because of differe

40、nt work schedules. （分数：4.00）解析：连词误用，应把第二个 and 改为 or。解析 前一个分句的含义是“丈夫、妻子和孩子长时间不住在一起”，后一个分句说“或虽然住在一起，但是由于工作时间的不同只能短暂碰面”，可见这是两种不一样或者对立的情况，因此这里不能使用 and，而应使用 or，表示两种情况的选择。25.Present production is running at 51 percent above pre-war levels, and the government has called for an expansion to 60 percent by 19

41、56, or repeated Ministerial advice is carrying little weight and the expansion program is not working very well. （分数：4.00）解析：连词误用，应把 or 改为 but。解析 前一个分句说“目前的产量比战前高 51%，并且政府呼吁，到 1956 年，产量增加到 60%”，后一个分句说“政府反复强调的建议好像没有什么影响力，产量提高的计划运作不是太好”，可见两个分句之间是转折关系，而不是选择关系。26.Since reimbursement rates at the large h

42、ospitals are now based on total costs, therefore paying the large institutions a lower rate for routine care would simply raise the rates for complex care by comparable amount. （分数：4.00）解析：衔接副词冗余，应去掉 therefore。解析 本句的开头已经有了表示因果关系的连词 since，再出现 therefore 是多余的。27.Foetal sleepers tend to be shy and sensi

43、tive, but people who assume the soldier position, fiat on their back with arms at their sides, are quiet and reserved. （分数：4.00）解析：连词误用，应把 but 改为 while。解析 but 和 while 虽然都可以表示转折，但 but 表示转折的语义强烈，而该句前后两个分句句意之间并没有强烈的转折，而是对两种情况作了对比，应该用 while 连接。本句意为“习惯采取胎儿式睡姿的人通常比较害羞且敏感，而喜欢军人式睡姿，即背部向下平躺着、两只手臂各摆在一侧的人，比较沉默

44、寡言和保守。”28.They couldn“t, as if they would, get out of trouble by themselves. （分数：4.00）解析：让步状语从句连词误用，应把 as 改成 even。解析 本句意为“即使他们想(摆脱)，也无法独立摆脱困难。”as if 表示“好像”。29.A history of long and effortless success can be a dreadful handicap, but, even if properly handled, it may become a driving force. （分数：4.00）解

45、析：条件状语从句连词误用，应把 even 去掉。解析 even if 表示“即使”，if 表示“如果”，此处的意思是“如果不利因素处理得好的话，可能成为社会发展的动力。”30.It has been known for decades that the appearance of sunspots is roughly periodic, with an average cycle of eleven years. Therefore, the incidence of solar flares and the flux of solar cosmic rays, ultraviolet radiation, and X-radiation all vary directly with the sunspot cycle. （分数：4.00）解析：连词误用，应把 Therefore 改为 And。解析 第一句说“几十年来，人们认为太阳黑子的出现大致是周期性的，平均 11 年为一个周期。”第二句的意思是“太阳耀斑的发生和太阳宇宙射线、紫外线以及 X 射线的放射量都随着太阳黑子循环而变动。”这两句之间是并列关系，而不是因果关系，因此应用And 链接。