专业八级-282及答案解析.doc

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1、专业八级-282 及答案解析(总分：100.05，做题时间：90 分钟)一、LISTENING COMPREHENS(总题数：0，分数：0.00)How to Solve Research Problems?. 1 Problem: hard to devise a thesis or topic Solution a) Digest your notes b) 2 aspects of the subject that interest you c) Read researches in the same area d) Change the chosen topic if necessar

2、y e) Start with something 3 . False start Problem: a well-begun project turns out to be 4 Solution 1 a) If time allows: 5 b) If not: make different use of the same material Solution 2 a) Choose a different 6 of the initial idea and material b) Chop out parts and replace them with new material . Gett

3、ing bogged down Problem: lost 7 in the subject Solution a) Take a(n) 8 b) Use a different writing strategy c) Do it from a different angle . Changing your title or subject Problem: repeated 9 end up in a completely different topic Solution a) Know what you intend to do b) Think about the 10 of new e

4、vidence c) Resist the temptation to make 11 changes . 12 Causes a) An interesting discovery b) 13 Solution a) Create a realistic timetable or a schedule of work b) 14 c) 15 a new cut-off date （分数：30.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_

5、填空项 1:_Homeschooling. 16 Require 17 Child who gets easily frustrated is difficult to be homeschooled . Time Require 18 of at least one parent Children can“t be left alone Personal sacrifice . Flexible scheduling Change the 19 or lesson time if you need Good for gifted children: 20 in the interesting

6、 topics . Academic interests Work on 21 Favourite subject in depth 22 among subject lessons . Socialization Socialization is not unique to school Possible socialization involvement a) 23 b) 24 c) Homeschooling co-ops . 25 Different regulation/laws a) Submit curriculum and lesson plans b) Parents“ 26

7、 is sufficient c) Between both of the above . Resources Find help from a local homeschooling group 27 a) High-schoolers b) Graduate and undergraduate students . Finances Sacrifice one source of income Join a co-op, where 28 are shared . Household organization 29 might be delayed House might get 30 .

8、 Parents“ agreement Important: both of parents agree with the arrangement （分数：30.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_Abstracts. ABSTRACTS A. Descriptive abstract 31 of work you completed or you are proposing Not a(n) 32 , but a

9、snapshot of the whole work Proposing: predict the paper B. Informative abstract Also called 33 abstract Sometimes abstract is written before the paper is completed Check the call for papers for a) Length b) 34 c) Publication arrangement C. 35 or prospectus Prospectus: a formal plan for the research

10、First part of a thesis or research project To 36 relevant parties D. Keeping promise A promissory note Some 37 from the promised topics is acceptable . WRITING A DESCRIPTIVE ABSTRACT A. Length Usually 38 words B. Contents Rationale of the paper Research methodology Hypothesis 39 Title: informative a

11、nd 40 Body: a) don“t repeat or rephrase 41 in the body of abstract b) summarize thesis and conclusions c) goals, approach and main findings d) keep 42 to a minimum C. Organization begin with 43 identify the school of theory or 44 conclusion D. Warning keep technical terms and avoid overuse of 45 （分数

12、：40.05）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_专业八级-282 答案解析(总分：100.05，做题时间：90 分钟)一、LISTENING COMPREHENS(总题数：0，分数：0.00)How to Solve Research Problems?. 1 Problem: hard to devise a thesis or topic Solution a) Digest your notes b) 2 aspe

13、cts of the subject that interest you c) Read researches in the same area d) Change the chosen topic if necessary e) Start with something 3 . False start Problem: a well-begun project turns out to be 4 Solution 1 a) If time allows: 5 b) If not: make different use of the same material Solution 2 a) Ch

14、oose a different 6 of the initial idea and material b) Chop out parts and replace them with new material . Getting bogged down Problem: lost 7 in the subject Solution a) Take a(n) 8 b) Use a different writing strategy c) Do it from a different angle . Changing your title or subject Problem: repeated

15、 9 end up in a completely different topic Solution a) Know what you intend to do b) Think about the 10 of new evidence c) Resist the temptation to make 11 changes . 12 Causes a) An interesting discovery b) 13 Solution a) Create a realistic timetable or a schedule of work b) 14 c) 15 a new cut-off da

16、te （分数：30.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：Making a start）解析： Making a start 听力原文 How to Solve Research Problems?Good morning, everyone. Today, we shall continue our discussion about research, particularly about how to solve research problems. As we all know, to do a research is not easy. It requires efforts, time

17、and patience. Sometimes, however, even if we devote our heart and soul to the research, we still get stuck in somewhere in the course of research. Today, I am going to identify some typical research problems and also share with you the solutions to these problems. The first problem is making a start

18、. Sometimes you spend a lot of time researching your subject, but cannot devise a thesis or a proposal. You are doing a lot of preparatory work, reading or gathering information, but you are unable to focus your ideas or come up with a topic you think will be original or fruitful. In cases like this

19、, you can try malting a digest of your notes, or try to extract from your information those aspects of your subject which interest you most. Have a look at some other examples of research in the same subject area. Remember that you can change your chosen topic later if necessary. It“s often better t

20、o make a start with something haft-formed, rather than not make a start at all. The second problem is false start. Sometimes a project begins well, but then gradually appears to be unsound. When inspected closely, the central idea might seem incorrect or fruitless. You might find that there“s not as

21、 much information on your topic as you had first hoped. Take care! You will need to make a careful distinction between a lack of material, and just a lack of interest in it. An additional problem in such cases is that by this time, you might have produced a substantial amount of work. In this case y

22、ou have two possible solutions. In the first solution, you have to look at how much time is left for you to complete the research. If you have only recently started, you could abandon your idea completely. Scrap the materials you have produced, and start work on something new. This is drastic, but b

23、etter than continuing with a flawed idea. The work you have abandoned might not be entirely wasted. It will have given you the experience of tackling a longer project. You will have learned something about handling more material than usual. It will also form background information for your next choi

24、ce of topic. The experience of abandoning work already completed might be quite painful. Try to think of it in this positive light. In the second solution, if your first idea was not so bad, choose a different aspect of it. Try to look at the same topic or materials from a different perspective. Do

25、all this in consultation with your tutor, so that you don“t make the same mistake again. Reworking your material may involve a fresh approach, or a new analysis of the information. Alternatively, you could chop out parts and replace them with new material. Don“t feel guilty about any of this drastic

26、 re-working: it“s quite common. The final result might even be improved for this process of renewal. The third problem is getting bogged down. One common experience is starting off well, then becoming bored with the subject. What at first seemed interesting now becomes laboured and tedious. You migh

27、t think that you have embarked upon the wrong project, and the work which lies ahead might seem doubly onerous. If you have time, take a short break and start again, using a different writing strategy. Alternatively, if you must press on, approach the work from a different angle. For instance, start

28、 working on a different part of the task. Rememberyou do not need to write your materials in the same order as the contents page. The fourth problem is changing your title or subject. It“s quite common to re-define a research project whilst it is in progress. However, this carries with it the danger

29、 that the topic is never properly defined or pinned down. In some cases the re-definition takes you in a different direction, then the subject is re-defined yet againand you end up with a completely different topic. You are also likely to be using up a lot of the time available for completion. To so

30、lve this problem, we must remember that re-definition should always be done within the context of a sound plan. You should always have a clear picture of what you intend to do, even if you have not yet done it. If the discovery of new evidence causes you to change your hypothesis, then think through

31、 the implications for the whole piece of work. Resist the temptation to make more changes than are necessary. The final problem is meeting deadlines. Meeting the completion date is a very common problem. This is partly because it is quite difficult to estimate the time required for research and writ

32、ing. An interesting discovery part way through the project might unexpectedly capture your attention for longer than you had planned. And of course any number of personal issues might crop up unexpectedly to delay the production of your work. Feeling guilty or procrastinating just makes matters wors

33、e. The best way to avoid this problem is to be aware of it in advance, and work to a plan. Create a realistic timetable or a schedule of workand stick to it. If that isn“t enough, you might need to sacrifice other activities to release time for completing the project. In the most extreme cases, you

34、might have to re-negotiate a new cut-off date with your tutor. OK, to sum up briefly, we“ve discussed five typical research problems as well as the solutions. After this lecture, I hope you may find your research smooth. Good luck. 解析 讲座围绕着研究当中遇到的典型问题以及一些解决办法展开。讲座阐述开展研究时遇到的第一个问题就是如何开头。故本题填入 Making a

35、 start。 填空项 1:_ （正确答案：Extract）解析： Extract解析 本题考查的是遇到难以开始研究时的解决方法。讲座提到，我们可以从信息中提取你最感兴趣的部分。这里填 Extract。 填空项 1:_ （正确答案：half-formed）解析： half-formed解析 讲座提到，半成形的开始总比没有开始要好。因此，这里填的是 half-formed。 填空项 1:_ （正确答案：unsound）解析： unsound解析 研究通常会遇到的第二个问题是不成功的开始(false start)。有时候项目开头进展不错，但慢慢地就变得没有可靠证据支撑了。因此本题填入 unsoun

36、d。 填空项 1:_ （正确答案：start afresh）解析： start afresh解析 本题考查考生概括信息的能力。问题问的是如果时间允许，我们可以怎么样。讲座中提到如果我们只是刚开始，我们可以完全放弃原来的观点，完全摒弃所写的材料，并开始新的题目。这里需要考生用较简单的词语来概括这意思。因此，这里填的是 start afresh(重新开始)。 填空项 1:_ （正确答案：aspect/perspective/angle）解析： aspect/perspective/angle解析 本题考查 false start(失败的开端)的第二个解决方法。讲座提到，如果开始的观点不是很糟糕，你

37、可以换一个不同的角度。因此，这里填 aspect 或perspective，angle。 填空项 1:_ （正确答案：interest）解析： interest解析 本题考查研究中遇到的第三个问题。讲座提到，我们逐渐觉得研究题目乏味，一开始看上去很有趣的题目现在变得很单调、吃力。由于题目需要填的是名词，故用 interest。 填空项 1:_ （正确答案：short break）解析： short break解析 本题考查的是开始对研究不感兴趣时的解决方法。讲座建议我们有时间的话就休息一下。因此，这里填 short break。 填空项 1:_ （正确答案：re-definitions）解析：

38、 re-definitions解析 在谈到第四个问题时，演讲人说，反复重新定义会使我们走向另外一个方向，最后会研究出一个全然不同的课题。这里需要填一个名词。填 re-definitions。 填空项 1:_ （正确答案：implications）解析： implications解析 本题考查解决更换题目或主题的办法。录音提到，如果新证据的发现使得你要改变原有的假设，则需要思考这对于整个研究中意味着什么。此题可填入 implications。 填空项 1:_ （正确答案：unnecessary）解析： unnecessary解析 讲座中提到我们要经得住诱惑，不要作没有必要的多次更改。这里需要考生

39、在理解的基础上，填一个合理的形容词。因此，这里填的是 unnecessary。 填空项 1:_ （正确答案：Meeting deadlines）解析： Meeting deadlines解析 本题考查研究中出现的最后一个问题，即快到研究的最后期限。因此，本题填入 Meeting deadlines。 填空项 1:_ （正确答案：Personal issues）解析： Personal issues解析 本题考查导致我们不能按时完成研究的原因。讲座提到了两个：一是有新的发现；二是个人的问题。这里缺的是 Personal issues。 填空项 1:_ （正确答案：Sacrifice other

40、activities）解析： Sacrifice other activities解析 本题考查的是我们要怎样做才能按时完成研究。讲座中提到了三个，这里需要填的是：牺牲其他的活动，为研究腾出时间。由于待填的内容不得超过三个单词，故填Sacrifice other activities。 填空项 1:_ （正确答案：Renegotiate）解析： Renegotiate解析 录音提到，在大多数极端案例中，你最好还是与自己的导师商量，重新协商一个新的截止日期。根据提纲，本题填入 Renegotiate。 Homeschooling. 16 Require 17 Child who gets eas

41、ily frustrated is difficult to be homeschooled . Time Require 18 of at least one parent Children can“t be left alone Personal sacrifice . Flexible scheduling Change the 19 or lesson time if you need Good for gifted children: 20 in the interesting topics . Academic interests Work on 21 Favourite subj

42、ect in depth 22 among subject lessons . Socialization Socialization is not unique to school Possible socialization involvement a) 23 b) 24 c) Homeschooling co-ops . 25 Different regulation/laws a) Submit curriculum and lesson plans b) Parents“ 26 is sufficient c) Between both of the above . Resource

43、s Find help from a local homeschooling group 27 a) High-schoolers b) Graduate and undergraduate students . Finances Sacrifice one source of income Join a co-op, where 28 are shared . Household organization 29 might be delayed House might get 30 . Parents“ agreement Important: both of parents agree w

44、ith the arrangement （分数：30.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：Temperament）解析： Temperament 听力原文 HomeschoolingGood morning, everyone. Today we are going to talk about a very special education methodhomeschooling. At some point or another, many parents of gifted children contemplate homeschooling their children. It may

45、be when the children are still young and haven“t yet started school or it may be after the children have started school and the parents realize that the needs of the children are not being met. However, homeschooling is not easy and parents should consider several issues before making the decision to homeschool. Today, I am going to introduce ten issues we need to think about before we decide to homeschool our kids. Perhaps the first consideration is temperament, of both parents and children. It takes patience to homeschool