专业八级-278及答案解析.doc

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1、专业八级-278 及答案解析(总分：100.05，做题时间：90 分钟)一、LISTENING COMPREHENS(总题数：0，分数：0.00)How to Write a College Term Paper?. Tip 1: Figure out exactly what the professor wants. Read 1 very carefully. Talk to your professor to ensure you 2 . Tip 2: Brainstorm a great topic appropriate for the assignment. Write about

2、 something unique and 3 Visit your professor for help. . Tip 3: Write an outline. Not necessarily a(n) 4 outline. Show your outline to your professor. . Tip 4: Back up claims with 5 Cite studies, 6 and quotes. Don“t rely too heavily on examples. . Tip S: Write a cool introduction. You may begin with

3、: an interesting 7 a startling statistic 8 . Tip 6: Write a clear 9 Keep it as simple as possible. Don“t 10 from it. . Tip 7: Use good sources. Choose credible sources. Avoid 11 sources. Use sources rich with facts and ideas. Don“t rely too heavily on one source. Never list sources you didn“t really

4、 use in your 12 . . Tip 8: Lose the B.S. Keep your introductions 13 . . Tip 9: Never 14 . . Tip 10: Get help if you need it. Look for resources in the school for writing help. . Proofread at least for 15 times. （分数：30.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空

5、项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_Writing a Literature Review. Definition of Literature Review It“s a(n) 16 and discussion of the literature in a given area of study. It is organized in time order or in 17 order. It is not an 18 , nor a summary. . Purpose and Audience of a Literature Review to 19 specific a

6、rguments and ideas in a field of study to examine the 20 or areas needing further study to demonstrate the 21 and validity of the research different audience will require different types of literature review . Questions a Literature Review Should Answer What have been done? What 22 have been used? A

7、re they improved? What could be improved? What are the future directions in this subject? What could you 23 to the field? . Length of a Literature Review A full chapter or at least 24 pages for a thesis or dissertation A few pages for an assignment . 25 of a Literature Review Group sources in order

8、of 26 Papers focusing on 27 , historiographical papers etc. Example: reviews on mental illness Group sources in terms of topics they cover A stronger method, because it helps avoid 28 the sources Example: ff a paper is about changes in popular music, possible sections are researches about production

9、 of music, dissemination of music, 29 and historical studies of popular music. REMEMBER: Literature review is the discussion of 30 among previous researches and your work （分数：30.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_How Do You Pre

10、pare for Presentations?Getting ready for presentation is necessary and there are tips to guide you through the preparation for presentation. . Key talking points Know what you want to talk about Stick with a(n) 31 a) Tell them what you“re going to show them b) 32 c) Tell them what you just showed th

11、em . Write a(n) 33 You can massage the words Gives you a(n) 34 for practice and refining . Don“t worry about specific words Don“t worry about perfection Don“t 35 ff you stumble a bit . Find your 36 ff you have time, learn to speak in any style If you don“t have time, just find 37 style . Practice in

12、 front of people Be careful about taking advice, especially late in the game Changes in script or presentation style within a short time might be 38 . Practice with distractions Need the quiet time to memorize things Practice with distractions is also helpful Possible distractions: Noises People wal

13、king by A huge clock counting down Big lights 39 People . Practice 40 Focus on one section Learn the 41 by heart Move on until you are comfortable with this section . Think ahead Think of 42 sentences ahead while speaking . Practice hand gestures Hand gestures and 43 are cues of your speech . Find y

14、our comfort zone If a piece of advice makes you uncomfortable, it is not 44 to you The more comfortable you are, the more 45 you“ll be and you“ll give better presentation （分数：40.05）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_专业八级-278 答案解析(

15、总分：100.05，做题时间：90 分钟)一、LISTENING COMPREHENS(总题数：0，分数：0.00)How to Write a College Term Paper?. Tip 1: Figure out exactly what the professor wants. Read 1 very carefully. Talk to your professor to ensure you 2 . Tip 2: Brainstorm a great topic appropriate for the assignment. Write about something uniq

16、ue and 3 Visit your professor for help. . Tip 3: Write an outline. Not necessarily a(n) 4 outline. Show your outline to your professor. . Tip 4: Back up claims with 5 Cite studies, 6 and quotes. Don“t rely too heavily on examples. . Tip S: Write a cool introduction. You may begin with: an interestin

17、g 7 a startling statistic 8 . Tip 6: Write a clear 9 Keep it as simple as possible. Don“t 10 from it. . Tip 7: Use good sources. Choose credible sources. Avoid 11 sources. Use sources rich with facts and ideas. Don“t rely too heavily on one source. Never list sources you didn“t really use in your 12

18、 . . Tip 8: Lose the B.S. Keep your introductions 13 . . Tip 9: Never 14 . . Tip 10: Get help if you need it. Look for resources in the school for writing help. . Proofread at least for 15 times. （分数：30.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：the assignment sheet）解析： the assignment sheet 听力原文 How to Write a College Term P

19、aper?Good morning, everyone! Today I“d like to continue our series of talks about study skills in university. This morning I“m going to talk about how to write a college term paper. Learning how to write a college term paper is something many college students struggle withso if you“re one of them, r

20、est assured that you“re not alone! High schools don“t always prepare students with the essay writing skills that college professors expect, so you might feel very frustrated. I“ve graded thousands of essay papers over the years, and let me tell you, I can tell you lots of common mistakes that studen

21、ts make when writing term papers. I can also give you some tips that might make college essay writing a little easier for you, along with some paper writing shortcuts to make your task easier. Tip 1: Figure out exactly what the professor wants. Read the assignment sheet very carefully. If you have a

22、ny questions, ask your professor for clarification. Visit your professor at office hours, and discuss your paper plan to make sure you understand the directions. At a guess, I“d say that at least 10% of my students over the years were downgraded because they did not follow directions. Tip 2: Brainst

23、orm a great topic that is appropriate for the assignment. Students often are uncreative when thinking of topics. Stand out from the crowd and write about something unique. You definitely want to write about something that interests you, or else this paper assignment is going to suck. If you“re not s

24、ure what to write, visit the professor to get some help with brainstorming, and check out this article about choosing term paper topics. Tip 3: Write an outline. Professors always tell you this, and students often don“t listen. We mean it. Good organization is one of the keys to success in a college

25、 term paper, and it“s very difficult to be organized without an outline. It doesn“t have to be a very detailed outline, and you can certainly deviate from the outline as you write the paper. Consider showing your outline to the professor before you write the paper. Tip 4: Make sure you back up claim

26、s in the paper with sufficient evidence. A claim is a statement of fact. Evidence is material that lends support to that claim. For example, let“s say you want to claim that hot dogs are linked to child leukemia. If you“re going to state this, you need to back up your claim with evidence. Discuss so

27、me medical studies and statistics, and include a quote from a credible pediatrician. When using evidence, be sure not to rely too heavily on examples. You can find examples of just about anything, and isolated examples are rarely good evidence. For example, a story about your cousin who has childhoo

28、d leukemia and ate a lot of hot dogs is not strong evidence to back up your claim. Feel free to use this example, but use it alongside more general evidence, like statistics or medical studies. Tip 5: Write a cool introduction. A creative introduction is one of those things that separates an A paper

29、 from a B paper. Start out with an interesting anecdote, a startling statistic, or something that draws the reader into the paper. Use your imagination. In our student learning center, you may find more information on how to write a great college term paper introductionand also a great college term

30、paper conclusion. Feel free to visit us. Tip 6: Write a very clear thesis statement, and use the thesis statement to preview what“s in the paper. This is very important. A good thesis statement is like a road map. For example, a good thesis statement might read, “In this paper, I am going to discuss

31、 the economic challenges facing three Canadian provinces: Ontario, British Columbia, and Manitoba.“ Your paper should then provide information about the economic challenges of these three provinces in the order you listed them in the thesis statement. Make your thesis statement as simple as possible

32、, and don“t deviate from it. Tip 7: Use good sources. Students sometimes see sources as a hoop to jump through in order to get a decent grade. But good sources lead to good papers, so take the time to find them. Choose credible sources, for example, those written by people who know what they“re talk

33、ing about and who don“t have a strong bias. Avoid outdated sources. Use sources rich with facts and ideas that you can use in your paper. Don“t rely too heavily on one source. And never list sources in your bibliography that you didn“t really use to write the paper, because that“s academic dishonest

34、y that can get you in a heap of trouble. A little tip: if your professor asks for a minimum of six sources, she doesn“t want you to use six. She wants about ten. Tip 8: Lose the B.S Professors are smart. We know when a student is adding mumbo jumbo in order to reach the page limit. Introductions som

35、etimes become storage places for B.S., so keep your introductions short. Tip 9: Never ever, ever, ever plagiarize. Plagiarism is a very serious offence and we have some very good reasons to avoid plagiarism. Tip 10: Get help if you need it. If you“re just not very good at writing term papers, help i

36、s available on your campus. But you need to seek it out. Find out if your school has a study center, a writing center, remedial courses, and other resources for writing help. And one final bonus tip for you: Proofread! Even if you follow the ten tips above, chances are that you might make some mista

37、kes during the massive talk of paper writing. Do not assume that you can get it right at one go. Try to proofread at least for three times! This will ensure that your paper is error-free. OK. In today“s lecture, we“ve discussed some tips that can help one in writing a term paper. In our next lecture

38、, we“ll discuss how to give an oral presentation effectively. 解析 本文阐述的是写好学期论文的 10 个技巧。第一个技巧是了解教授要的是什么。而要做到这一点，首先要“仔细阅读论文要求清单”。所以本题的答案为 the assignment sheet。 填空项 1:_ （正确答案：understand the directions）解析： understand the directions解析 在工作时间拜访教授，和教授讨论你的论文计划，以确保你了解教授的指示。本题填 understand the directions。 填空项 1:

39、_ （正确答案：interesting）解析： interesting解析 要写好学期论文，第二大技巧是要与众不同，写出自己独特的东西。与此同时还要写自己感兴趣的东西，不然必定写不好这份学期论文。本题考查的是将 interest 转化为形容词interesting。 填空项 1:_ （正确答案：(very)detailed）解析： (very)detailed解析 写好学期论文的第三大技巧是写一份提纲。“这份提纲不需要太详细，在书写学期论文的过程中也可以不完全按照提纲。”因此本题的答案为 detailed。本题考查的是讲话中的细节，考生在听力过程中应学会捕捉关键信息并适当做笔记。 填空项 1:

40、_ （正确答案：sufficient evidence）解析： sufficient evidence解析 写好学期论文的第四大技巧是用足够的证据来支撑自己的观点。因此本题填入 sufficient evidence。 填空项 1:_ （正确答案：statistics/data）解析： statistics/data解析 演讲人以“热狗与儿童白血病的紧密联系”这一主题为例，阐述了如何利用各种证据来支撑论文观点，如“探讨一些医学研究、医学数据或者引用一位著名儿科医生的话”。本题的答案为 statistics 或 data 亦可接受。 填空项 1:_ （正确答案：anecdote）解析： anec

41、dote解析 写好学期论文的第五大技巧是序言要引人入胜，可以从一个有趣的轶事开始。因此填入 anecdote。 填空项 1:_ （正确答案：something attractive/something eye-catching）解析： something attractive/something eye-catching解析 讲座列举第三个方面：用一些能吸引读者注意的材料。这里考查考生的概括能力，要把 something that draws the reader into the paper 概括成三个字之内的短语。故根据意思得出 something attractive 或 somethi

42、ng eye-catching。 填空项 1:_ （正确答案：thesis statement）解析： thesis statement解析 写好学期论文的第六大技巧是“清晰的主题句”，故答案为 thesis statement。 填空项 1:_ （正确答案：deviate）解析： deviate解析 主题句越简单越好，在写论文的过程中绝不能偏离主题句。本题的答案为deviate。如果错过了这个信息，缺乏相应笔记，也可根据上下文的内容推测得出答案。 填空项 1:_ （正确答案：outdated）解析： outdated解析 写好学期论文的第七大技巧是使用好的原始资料，这其中包括“避免引用过时的

43、资料”，因此答案为 outdated。本段信息较密集，要点较多，要求考生做听力时注意力高度集中，并掌握好做笔记的技巧。 填空项 1:_ （正确答案：bibliography）解析： bibliography解析 本题考查使用好的原始资料的一些要求，讲座提到不要在参考书目里列出不用来写论文的资料来源。本题填入 bibliography。 填空项 1:_ （正确答案：short）解析： short解析 写好学期论文的第八大技巧是少说废话。教授们聪明得很，他们一眼就能看出学生们是不是在凑字数。而序言部分通常最容易废话连篇，所以作者的建议是“序言要简短”。答案为short。 填空项 1:_ （正确答案

44、：plagiarize）解析： plagiarize解析 本题考查写好学期论文的第九点技巧，即永远不要抄袭别人的论文。填入plagiarize。 填空项 1:_ （正确答案：three/3）解析： three/3解析 本题考查考生记录细节的能力，而且本段的信息在最后出现，也考查了考生专心听完讲座的能力。当然，如果考生没有记住，可以靠短时的回忆来思考答案，甚至可以根据平时的常识来猜测。该考题问论文至少应该校对多少次，答案是 three。 Writing a Literature Review. Definition of Literature Review It“s a(n) 16 and di

45、scussion of the literature in a given area of study. It is organized in time order or in 17 order. It is not an 18 , nor a summary. . Purpose and Audience of a Literature Review to 19 specific arguments and ideas in a field of study to examine the 20 or areas needing further study to demonstrate the 21 and validity of the research different audience will require different types of literature review . Questions a Literature Review Should Answer What have been done? What 22 have been used? Are they improved? Wha